Cells

Proudly Presented By:Claire Loncarich & Christine Lowe

(CML)™

What Is A Cell?

• A cell is the basic unit of life

• They come in all shapes and sizes

The Cell Theory says that…• All living things are made of

cells

• Cells are the basic part of living things

• Old cells make new cells

What Makes A Cell?

Cells are made of many different parts.

Some parts are…•Nucleus•Cell wall•Ribosomes•Lysosomes•Mitochondria •Golgi Apparatus•Vacuoles•Endoplasmic Reticulum•Cytoskeleton

What Kinds Are There?

Cells come in many shapes and sizes because they have different jobs

Examples of different cells are…•Red Blood Cells•White Blood Cells•Stomach Cells•Liver Cells•Nerve Cells•Sperm Cells

There Are 2 Types Of CellsProkaryotic & Eukaryotic

They have different

characteristics and different

parts.

Prokaryotic cell

Eukaryotic cell

Eukaryotic Cells

•Have nucleus

•Have cell membrane

•Have cytoplasm

•Have organelles

•All plants and animals are eukaryotic

Prokaryotic Cells

•Have no nucleus

•Smaller and simpler

•Have cell membranes

•Have cytoplasm

•All bacteria are prokaryotic

Animal Cells Vs. Plant Cells

Animal CellsHave a…

•Nucleus

•Cell membrane

•Ribosomes

•Endoplasmic Reticulum

•Golgi Apparatus

•Lysosomes

•Mitochondria

•Cytoskeleton

Plant CellsHave a…

•Nucleus

•Cell membrane

•Ribosomes

•Endoplasmic Reticulum

•Golgi Apparatus

•Vacuoles

•Mitochondria

•Cytoskeleton

•Chloroplasts

•Cell Wall

Cell MembraneThe Cell Membrane

What Is A Cell Membrane?

A cell membrane is the layer surrounding the cell. It acts as a barrier between the inside of the cell and the cell’s environment.

What Does The Cell Membrane Do?

The cell membrane allows nutrients in and waste products out. It also holds the cell together and keeps the cytoplasm inside.

The cell membrane is similar to the skin of the human body because it is the outer layer and protects the inside.

Cell Wall

Cell Wall

What Is A Cell Wall?

The cell wall is a layer surrounding the cell membrane. It is made of threads of carbohydrates and proteins. It is also like the skin on the human body because it lets things pass through and protects the cell.

What Does The Cell Wall Do?

The cell wall supports the cell and is used as protection against outside particles. It also lets water, oxygen, carbon dioxide and other materials pass through.

Where is the Cell Wall Found?

The cell wall is found on the outside of most prokaryotic cells, including plants and fungi, but

not animal cells.

Nucleus

What Is The Nucleus?The nucleus is the control center of the cell. It contains all the DNA information of how to make all the different cells’ proteins.

The nucleus of a cell is similar to brain in the nervous system because it gives directions to all the different cells. It controls all cell processes. It also has the instructions for making proteins for the cells.

What Does It Do?

Where Is The Nucleus Located?

The nucleus located in all eukaryotic cells, but not prokaryotic cells. It is usually found in the center of cell.

Endoplasmic Reticulum

What Is The Endoplasmic Reticulum?

The Endoplasmic Reticulum, also referred to as the ER, makes lipids and other materials cells use. The ER is the internal delivery system of the cell. Substances are moved through tubes to reach their destination. The ER is similar to the circulatory system because it transports nutrients.

Smooth ER

The Smooth ER floats freely around in the cytoplasm, but is still near the nucleus. It produces chemicals and makes steroids for the cell. It is present in all eukaryotic cells.

Rough ER

The Rough ER surrounds the nucleus. Proteins that are released from the cell are made into Rough ER. It is found in all eukaryotic cells.

Ribosomes

What Are Ribosomes?

Ribosomes are organelles that are made of small particles of protein and RNA (Ribonucleic Acid).

What Do Ribosomes Do?

Ribosomes make protein that the cells can use. They are similar to the pancreas in the endocrine system

because they both create proteins or the cells use for activity or to change activity.

Where Are They Located?

Ribosomes are either attached onto endoplasmic reticulum, or float freely in the cell. It is located in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.

Golgi Apparatus

What Is The Golgi Apparatus?

The Golgi Apparatus is an organelle that processes proteins and other materials exiting out of an eukaryotic cell.

What Does It Do?

The Golgi Apparatus prepares the proteins before they are sent to their final destination. It is similar to the endocrine system because they both transport the materials that they help make for the cell.

Where Is It Located?

The Golgi Apparatus is located between the nucleus and the cell wall or cell membrane.It is only common in eukaryotic cells.

Mitochondria

What Is Mitochondria?

Mitochondria is an organelle converts energy into food the cells can live off of. It is surrounded by 2 membranes.

What Does Mitochondria Do?Mitochondria releases energy from stored fat that provides the energy that cells need to grow and reproduce. It is similar to the digestive system because they both break down or absorb nutrients.

Where Are Mitochondria Located?

Mitochondria is located near the nucleus of a cell. It is present in only eukaryotic cells.

Lysosomes

What Is A Lysosome?

Lysosomes are small organelles with enzymes inside (enzymes speed up chemical reaction) and a membrane outside.

What Do Lysosomes Do?

•Break down lipids (fats), carbohydrates, and protein into food that the cell can use

•Clean out the cell by getting rid of old organelles and other clutter

•Lysosomes are like your digestive system they break down big things to make them smaller

Where Are Lysosmes Found?

Lysosomes are not located in plant or prokaryotic cells, only in animal cells.

Vacuoles

What are Vacuoles?

A Vacuole are organelle that look like a compartment in the cell.

Plants have one big vacuole filled with liquid and surrounded by a membrane.

What do Vacuoles do?

•Remove unwanted waste•Separate harmful material

•Store different materials like water, salt, protein, and carbohydrates

•Maintain pressure against the cell wall

•Vacuoles are like the excretory system because it cleans out harmful material.

Where are Vacuoles Found?

Vacuoles are found in both plant and animal cells. They can also be in single-celled organisms.

What do Vesicles have to do with Vacuoles?

Vesicles are smaller vacuoles that move different materials inside the cell.

Cytoskeleton

What is the Cytoskeleton?

The cytoskeleton is an organelle that in made up of threads of protein.

What Does The Cytoskeleton Do?

• Supports the cell

• Keeps the cell’s shape

• Helps with movement in and outside the cell

• Is involved in cellular division

• It helps support the cell like the skeletal system supports the body

Where is the Cytoskeleton Found?

The cytoskeleton is found in all eukaryotic cells and some prokaryotic cells.

CentriolesCentrioles

What is a Centriole & What does it do?

A centriole is a tiny structure made up of microtubules that help separate chromosomes during cell division. Centrioles are similar to the reproductive system because they both help with the development of new cells.

Where are Centrioles Found?

Centrioles are located in the cell’s cytoplasm near the nuclear envelope (the nucleus’s membrane layer). They are mostly found in animal cells and some plant cells.

•Chloroplasts•Chromoplasts•Leucoplasts

Plastids

Chloroplasts

Chloroplasts are organelles covered by two envelope membranes. They contain chlorophyll inside, which makes them green.

Chloroplasts use photosynthesis to convert sunlight into food and energy the cell can use. They are like the digestive system because they convert food to energy.

What do Chloroplasts do?

Chloroplasts are found in plants cells, but no animal cells. They are located in the cytoplasm.

Where are Chloroplasts Found?

Chromoplasts are organelles with very bright colors. They can have any plant pigment but not chlorophyll.

Chromoplasts

Chromoplasts are responsible for pigment synthesis, pigment storage, and act as an attractant for pollinating animals. They are similar to the skeletal system because they can both act as a place of storage.

What do Chromoplasts do?

Chromoplasts are found in photosynthetic eukaryotic cells and are usually in colored parts of plants like the fruit or petals.

Where are Chromoplasts Found?

Leucoplasts

Leucoplasts are non-pigmented (not colored) organelles smaller than chloroplasts.

What do Leucoplasts do?

Leucoplasts do not always have specific jobs. If they store starch, lipid or protein, they are called amyloplasts, elaioplasts, or proteinoplasts. They also put together fatty acids, amino acids and other compounds. These are also similar to the skeletal system because they can store vital nutrients.

Where Are Leucoplasts Found?

Leucoplasts are in plants cells and usually located in the roots.

Quiz Time!!!!

Question # 1

What is the main difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Answer # 1

Prokaryotic cells have no internal membrane structures like the nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, cytoskeleton,

and mitochondria.

Question #2The brain is similar to the _____ of a cell.

Answer # 2

The nucleus of a cell is similar to the brain in the nervous system

Question #3

What do plant cells have that animal cells don’t?

a) Endoplasmic Reticulum & Ribosomes

b) Nucleus & Cytoskeleton

c) Chloroplasts & Cell Wall

d) Cell Membrane & Golgi Apparatus

Answer #3

The correct answer is C! Plant cells have chloroplasts and a cell wall,

while animal cells don’t

Question #4

What organelle is responsible for removing clutter in the cell?

Answer #4

Lysosomes are responsible for removing clutter in a cell.

Question #5

What human body system is similar to the cytoskeleton?

Answer #5

The skeletal system is similar to the cytoskeleton because they both act as support and protection for the internal organs/ organelles.

THE END!

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