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CELLS

Chapter 3

NINE IMPORTANT LANDMARKS DISTINGUISH

EUKARYOTIC CELLS

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1. The Nucleus

The nucleus is the largest and most prominent organelle in most eukaryotic cells

The nucleus has two primary functions: 1.

2.

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1. The Nucleus

Nucleolus

Chromatin

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1. The Nucleus

Nuclear membrane (nuclear envelope) 2 bilayers

Nuclear pores

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2. Cytoplasm & Cytoskeleton

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2. Cytoplasm & Cytoskeleton Cytosol:

Cytoplasm:

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2. Cytoplasm & Cytoskeleton Cilia

 Flagella

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2. Cytoplasm & Cytoskeleton

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3. Mitochondria

energy converters

consume most of the oxygen used by each cell

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3. Mitochondria - Endosymbiosis

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4. Lysosomes

digest and recycle

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4. Lysosomes

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4. Lysosomes

~ 50 different digestive enzymes and a super-acidic, corrosive fluid

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4. Lysosomes – Tay-Sachs Disease Result of malfunctioning lysosomes

Which cellular component would be responsible for the classic shape of a red blood cell?

1. Nucleus2. Cytoskeleton3. Lysosome4. Mitochondria

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Endomembrane System

smooth endoplasmic reticulum rough endoplasmic reticulum golgi apparatus

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5. Endoplasmic Reticulum

cells build proteins and disarm toxins

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5. Endoplasmic Reticulum (Rough) completely surrounds the nucleus (usually)

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5. Endoplasmic Reticulum (Rough) Primary function:

example: poisonous frogs

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5. Endoplasmic Reticulum (Rough)

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5. Endoplasmic Reticulum (Smooth)

no ribosomes

synthesizes lipids such as fatty acids, phospholipids, and steroids

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5. Endoplasmic Reticulum (Smooth) detoxifying enzymes

alcohol, antibiotics, barbiturates, amphetamines

toxic metabolic waste products produced in our bodies

in cells that are exposed to large amounts of drugs

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5. Endoplasmic Reticulum (Smooth) plasma cells in the blood that produce

immune system proteins for export

pancreas cells that secrete large amounts of digestive enzymes

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5. Endoplasmic Reticulum (Smooth)

detoxification enzymes.

Which cells below would have the smoothest endoplasmic reticulum?

1. Kidney cells2. Kidney cells of an alcoholic3. Liver cells4. Liver cells of an alcoholic

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6. Golgi Apparatus

not interconnected

packages synthesized molecules

carbohydrate synthesis,

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6. Golgi Apparatus

bud from the endoplasmic reticulum

~ 4 successive chambers , molecules get passed from one to the next

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7. Cell Wall

Made from polysaccharides, including cellulose

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7. Cell Wall

~100 times thicker than plasma membrane,

plasmodesmata:

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8. Vacuoles

found in plant cells, also protists, fungi, and animals

five different areas of plant life1. 1.2. 2.3. 3.4. 4.5. 5.

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8. Vacuoles

1. Nutrient storage: 2. Waste management: 3. Predator deterrence:4. Sexual reproduction:

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8. Vacuoles

Physical support:

turgor pressure

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9. Chloroplast

all plants and eukaryotic algae

site of photosynthesis

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9. Chloroplast

Circular DNA Dual outer membrane

Endosymbiosis theory

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Which answer below is not found in a eukaryotic cell?

1. Cell wall2. DNA without membrane3. Endoplasmic reticulum4. Chloroplast5. Lysosome

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