Cell Structure and FunctionCell Structure and Function

Essential Questions – Essential Questions – What structures can be found inside cells

and how do they function?How does the shape of an organelle help

it perform its function?

How are living things alike?

Objectives

• Students will be able to:• Explain how different parts of the cell

allow it to carry out its functions.

How are living things alike?

Big Question: How does your body work?

Warm-up

• What is the function of this object?

• How does its structure aid in its function?

Agenda – Today Students Will:

• Explain vocabulary terms in their notes by writing terms in their own words

• Explore the concept of structure and function by participating in a class discussion.

• Explore the functions of cell organelles by listening to a teacher guided discussion

• Evaluate their understanding of cell functions by completing an interactive website activity

• Evaluate their understanding of the key question

How are living things alike?

Vocabulary Terms

• Structure - the arrangement of particles or parts in a substance or body

• Function - the action for which a person or thing is specially fitted or used or for which a thing exists

Structure vs. Function

Human hand Bat wing

Big Question: How does your body work?

Structure vs. Function

• Discuss:– How is the structure of a hand different

than its function?– Why would the structure of a human

hand be different than the structure of a bat wing?

– Why do you think organelles have specific structures?

Bacteria cells are different than plant and animal cells.

Image Source:http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/cells/procaryotes/images/procaryote.jpg&imgrefurl=http://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/cells/bacteriacell.html&usg

Animal Cell:Image source: Pearson Prentice Hall

Plant Cell:Image source: Pearson Prentice Hall

Cell Membrane

• The cell membrane (also called the plasma membrane) controls what comes into and out of cells.

• All cells have a cell membrane.

http://library.thinkquest.org/C004535/media/cell_membrane.gif

Ribosomes

• Ribosomes make proteins.

• Ribosomes are the factories of the cell.

Cytoplasm

• Cytoplasm or Cytosol is the jelly-like fluid that fills the inside of the cell. It helps hold the other organelles in place.

Endoplasmic Reticulum

• ER: Transports proteins around the cell.

Nucleus• Nucleus: Control center

of cell; directs cell activities

• Nuclear Membrane or Nuclear Envelope: controls what comes into and out of the cells

• Nucleolus: makes ribosomes

• Chromatin: genetic material of cell

Mitochondria

• Mitochondria (Singular: Mitochondrion)

• Powerhouse of cell• Convert energy

from food into energy the cell can use (ATP)

Golgi Body (Apparatus, Complex)

• Golgi Body: packages, sorts, and transports materials around the cell

Vacuole

• Vacuoles store materials for cells (water, food, waste)

• In plant cells, help the cell keep its shape

• Much larger in plant than animal cells

Peroxisomes

• Peroxisomes break down fatty acids and alcohol.

• Create hydrogen peroxide as a by-product

• Break down hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen.

Flagella (Singular: Flagellum)

• Flagella: whip like structures that help the cell move.

Capsule

• Capsule: Protective structure that encloses the bacterial cell

Nucleoid

• Nucleoid: Genetic Material in a prokaryotic cell.

Cell Wall

• Rigid Structure that helps the cell keep its shape. Plant cells also have a cell wall.

Pilli

• Pilli: Hair like structures found on the outside of the cell. They aid in reproduction and can also help the cell move.

Chloroplast

• Chloroplast: Where photosynthesis occurs.

• Uses chlorophyll – green pigment that captures energy from sunlight

http://www.biology4kids.com/files/art/cell_chloroplast1.gif

Cell Wall

• Cell Wall: Protects the cell.

• Provides shape and support.

• Made of cellulose

Lysosomes

• Lysosomes: Break down food into smaller particles.

• Also breaks down waste and old cell parts.

Review

• Evaluate your understanding of cell structures and their functions by completing the interactive activity on the website below.

• You may not recognize some terms or know their meanings.

• Sometimes the website may use a different term for a cell structure than what we learned today.

• Try your best to reason through the question. • It is ok if you don’t know the answer, you can

check your answer and try again.

• Click Here

Conclusion - Evaluate

Answer today’s key questions:•What structures can be found inside cells and how do they function?•How does the shape of an organelle help it perform its function?

How are living things alike?