cell processes what keeps them alive? moving cellular materials cells have a _____ membrane that...
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CELL PROCESSES
What keeps them alive?
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Moving Cellular Materials
• Cells have a _____ membrane that regulates what goes into or out of the cell.
• Passive transport - the movement of substances through a cell membrane _____ the use of energy.
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• Diffusion - when molecules move away from areas where there are more of them into areas where there are _____ of them; stops when molecules of one substance are spread evenly throughout another substance and _____ occurs.
• Osmosis - the diffusion of _____ through a cell membrane.
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• In facilitated diffusion, _____ move substances into and out of the cell.
• Active transport requires _____ to move substances through a cell membrane.
• Endocytosis - the process in which a substance is taken into a cell by surrounding it with the _____, forming a sphere called a vesicle.
• Exocytosis - the process in which the membrane of the vesicle fuses with the cell’s membrane and the vesicle’s contents are _____ the cell.
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• Photosynthesis - the process that plants and other organisms use to convert _____ into chemical energy or sugars to be used as food.
• _____- organisms that make their own food; _____- organisms that can’t make their own food.
• Chlorophyll and other pigments are used to in photosynthesis to capture _____ which is used to produce sugar and _____.
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• Respiration - the process in which chemical reactions break down food molecules into simpler substances and ____
• Respiration of carbohydrates begins in the _____.
• Carbohydrates are broken down into _____.
• Each glucose molecule is broken down into two _____ molecules, releasing energy.
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• Respiration moves into the _____.
• The two simpler molecules are _____ again, releasing much more energy.
• This process uses _____ and produces CO2 and water as waste.
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• Fermentation - cells that do not have enough oxygen for respiration use this process to release some of the stored energy in _____ molecules.
• Entire process occurs in the _____.
• Produces _____, _____, and carbon dioxide as wastes.
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• Photosynthesis and _____ - almost the opposite of each other.
• Photosynthesis produces __________, which are used in respiration.
• Respiration produces __________, which are used in photosynthesis.
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permeable
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without
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fewer
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equilibrium
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water
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Transport proteins
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energy
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Cell membrane
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Released outside
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Sunlight energy
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producers
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consumers
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sunlight
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oxygen
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Released stored energy
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cytoplasm
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Glucose molecules
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simpler
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glucose
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cytoplasm
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Lactic acid, alcohol
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mitochondria
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Broken down
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oxygen
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respiration
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Sugars and oxygen
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Carbon dioxide and water