Cell Organelles

Features Found in all Cells

• Cell membrane

• Cytoplasm

• DNA

• ribosomes

Cell Membrane

• control center of the cell

• Contains genetic information in the form of chromatin (chromosomes)

• Found in all cells

Cytoplasm

• jelly-like substance found between the nuclear envelope and the cell membrane in which all the organelles are embedded

• Feature of all cells

Ribosomes

• assemble proteins • Feature of all cells

Chromatin

• DNA wrapped around proteins in long thin strands

• Feature of all cells

Nucleus

• control center of the cell

• Contains genetic information in the form of chromatin (chromosomes)

• Found in eukaryotic cells

Nucleolus

• found inside the nucleus

• assembles ribosomes

• Found in eukaryotic cells

Nuclear Envelope

• a membrane around the nucleus that controls what enters and leaves the nucleus

• Found in eukaryotic cells

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

• contains enzymes that have specialized tasks like making lipids and other parts of the cell membrane

• no ribosomes attached

• Found in eukaryotic cells

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

• has ribosomes attached

• modifies proteins that are made in the ribosomes

• Found in eukaryotic cells

Mitochondrion

• changes food into energy that can be used by the cell in a process called cellular respiration

• “power house” of the cell

• Found in eukaryotic cells

Chloroplast

• contain the green pigment chlorophyll

• carries out photosynthesis

• Found in eukaryotic cells

• Found in plant and protist cells only

Golgi Apparatus

• attach carbohydrates and lipids to proteins

• Found in eukaryotic cells

Centrioles

• aid in cell reproduction (mitosis & meiosis)

• separate and serve as a starting point for the formation of spindle fibers (sort of like a scaffold)

• Found in eukaryotic cells

• Not found in plant cells

Cell Wall

• provides support and protection to the cell

• Found in both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells

• Found in plant, fungi, and some protist cells, but not animal cells

Lysosomes

• “suicide organelle,” contain digestive enzymes

• pick up wastes and toxins and destroy them.

• If the cell gets sick and cannot repair itself, the lysosomes release the digestive enzymes into the cell and destroy it. Can also be genetically programmed to do this

• Found in eukaryotic cells• Not found in plant cells

Vacuole

• a saclike structure that stores water, salts, proteins, carbohydrates and other substances in cells

• Found in eukaryotic cells

• Small ones can be found in animal cells

Large Central Vacuole

• stores large amounts of water

• Found in eukaryotic cells

• found in plants only

Cilia

• short hair-like projections on the surface of the cell that are moved in a wave-like motion in order to move the cell or move objects like food toward the cell

• Found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells

• Usually found in bacteria, protists, & animals

Flagella

• whip-like projection on the surface of the cell that is moved in a whip-like fashion in order to move the cell

• Found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells

• Found in sperms cells of both plants and animals