Cell Injury

DEPARTMENT OF PATHOLOGICAL PHYSIOLOGY– 2018

Cell adaptation reactions

Necrosis and Apoptosis

Necrosis and Apoptosisproperties Necrosis Size

Cell size Enlarged (swelling) Reduced (shrinkage)

Nucleus Pyknosis>Karyorhexis-> Karyolysis Fragmentation into nucleosome

size fragments

Plasma membrane Disrupted Intact, altered structures- lipids

Cellular content Enzymatic digestion , leak out of

cell

Intact; formation of apoptotic

bodies

Adjacent Inflammation Frequent No

Physiological and pathological

role

Pathologic (culmination of

irreversible cell injury)

Often physiological, leads to

the elimination of unwanted

cells; may be pathological after

some forms of cell injury,

especially DNA damage

Apoptosis

Calcium mechanism of injury

„Vicious circle “ in the pathogenesis of cell

injury

АТP depletion Lipid peroxydation

Damage of cell membrane

Increasing of intracellular Са 2+

Defense system of organism

during cell injury

Antioxidant system

Antimutation system

Detoxification system

Synthesis of Chaperones and HSP

The buffer system

Antioxidant system

Antioxidants of enzymatic origin - superoxide

dismutase (SOD), catalase, glutathione

antioxidant system

Antioxidants of non-enzymatic origin - vitamins

E, C, A, ferritin, serulloplazmin, ubiquinone,

steroid hormones, cysteine, flavonoids

Free radicals and antioxidant system

Antimutation system

Helycase, endonuclease, exonuclease,

DNA-polymerse,nucleosidase,

insertase, ligase

Detoxycation system

Cytochrome Р450 and glutathione –S-

transferase

HSP- heat shock proteins and synthesis

of chaperones

Buffer system

Carbonate

Phosphate

Protein

Hemoglobin

Principles of correction

Etiological (antibiotic therapy )

Pathogenetical (Са++ blockades, inhibitors

of phospholipase)

Sanogenetical (antioxydants )