cell growth. before a cell gets too large, it divides forming two “daughter” cells
TRANSCRIPT
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Cell Growth
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• Before a cell gets too large, it divides forming two “daughter” cells.
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Cell Division- the process by which a cell divides into two new daughter cells
• A cell must copy its genetic information before cell division begins
• Each daughter cell then gets a complete copy of that information.
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Types of Reproduction
•Asexual reproduction
•Sexual reproduction
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Asexual Reproduction
•Binary fission•Budding•Vegetative propagation
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Binary fission
• In prokaryotes (bacteria), one cell divides to form two identical cells.
• The cells are the same size and carry the same genetic information.
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Budding
•Similar to binary fission except the cytoplasm divides unequally.
•The result is two cells with the same genetic information, but one is larger than the other.
•E.g. Yeast cells
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Vegetative Propagation
•Occurs in plants•Complete new plants develop from parts of the parent plant, such as the root, stem and leaf
•E.g. Potatoes
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• All cells come from other cells by cell division.
• For living things to grow and repair, their cells must divide over and over again.
• In a cell containing a nucleus, the nucleus and cytoplasm divide by separate processes.
• Division of the nucleus through a series of events is called mitosis.
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• In eukaryotes, cell division occurs in two main stages
» - mitosis- the division of the nucleus
»- cytokinesis- the division of the cytoplasm
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Cell Cycle
• A series of events cells gothrough as they grow and divide.
During the cell cycle, a cell grows, prepares for division, and divides to form two daughter cells. Each daughter cell then begins the cycle again.
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The phases of the cell cycle include interphase and cell division.
• Interphase is divided into three phases: G1, S, and G2
– During the G1 phase- Cells increase in size and make new proteins and organelles
– In the S phase- the copying of chromosomes take place
– During the G2 phase- many of the organelles and molecules needed for cell division are produced.
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• So what does the M stand for?
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http://www.sci.sdsu.edu/multimedia/mitosis/anim_samples.html
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Wrap-Up
•When a cell makes an exact copy of its DNA it is called?
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Warm-Up 1/28/08Justify your answer!
Which statement describes the major role of lipids within a cell?
A. They cause DNA to replicate.
B. They move RNA in the cytoplasm.
C. They catalyze chemical reactions in the cell cytoplasm.
D. They are the main structural components of membranes.
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Mitosis and Cytokinesis
• Biologists divide the events of mitosis into four phases: Prophase, metaphase, Anaphase and telophase.
http://nobelprize.org/educational_games/medicine/2001/
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Interphase
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ProphasePro- = before
• Chromosomes condense and become visible
• Centrioles separate and move to opposite poles
• Chromosomes attach to fibers in the spindle
• Nuclear envelop breaks down
http://www.sci.sdsu.edu/multimedia/mitosis/anim_samples.html
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MetaphaseMeta- = middle
• Chromosomes line up across the center of the cell
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Anaphaseana- = back
• The centromeres joining sister chromatids split. The sister chromatids become individual chromosomes. The two sets of chromosomes move apart.
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Telophasetelo- = end
• Chromosomes move to opposite ends of the cell.
• They lose their distinct shapes.
• Two new nuclear envelops form.
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Cytokinesis-kinesis = movement
• Occurs at the same time as telophase.
• In most animal cells, the cell membrane pinches the cytoplasm into two nearly equal parts.
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