cell cycle reproduction lecture with turning point
TRANSCRIPT
Cell ReproductionCell Reproduction
ProkaryotesBacteria
EukaryotesPlants &
animals
ProkaryotesProkaryotes
Lack a nucleus Have a single chromosomeReproduce by binary fission Include bacteria
Steps in Binary FissionSteps in Binary Fission
Used by bacteria Cells increase their
cell mass slightly DNA & cell
components are replicated
Each cell divides into 2 daughter cells
Binary Fission of Bacterial Binary Fission of Bacterial CellCell
E. Coli Dividing by Binary E. Coli Dividing by Binary FissionFission
EukaryotesEukaryotes
Contain a nucleus & membrane bound organelles
Asexually reproduce cells by mitosis
Cell CycleCell Cycle
Stages in growth & division
G1 Phase S Phase G2 Phase M Phase Cytokinesis
G1 PhaseG1 Phase
First growth stageCell increases in sizeCell prepares to copy its DNA
Synthesis PhaseSynthesis Phase
Copying of all of DNA’s instructions
Chromosomes duplicated
G2 PhaseG2 Phase
Time between DNA synthesis & mitosis
Cell continues growingNeeded proteins produced
M PhaseM Phase
Cell growth & protein production stop
Cell’s energy used to make 2 daughter cells
Called mitosis or karyokinesis (nuclear division)
Life Cycle of a CellLife Cycle of a Cell
Mitosis is a cycle with no beginning or end.
How do prokaryotes reproduce?How do prokaryotes reproduce?
Mito
sis
Meiosis
Binary Fis
sion
Sexual R
eprodu...
25% 25%25%25%1. Mitosis
2. Meiosis
3. Binary Fission
4. Sexual Reproduction
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Prokaryotes have:Prokaryotes have:
Mito
chondria
Chloroplasts
Nucle
us
All of t
he abo...
None of t
he ab...
20% 20% 20%20%20%
1. Mitochondria
2. Chloroplasts
3. Nucleus
4. All of the above
5. None of the above
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Eukaryotes reproduce Eukaryotes reproduce asexxually by:asexxually by:
Mito
sis
Meiosis
Binary Fis
sion
Binary Fu
sion
25% 25%25%25%1. Mitosis
2. Meiosis
3. Binary Fission
4. Binary Fusion
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What happens in the G1 What happens in the G1 phase of the cell cycle?phase of the cell cycle?
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1. Cell growth
2. Cell division
3. Chromsome duplication
4. DNA synthesis
What happens in the G2 What happens in the G2 phase of the cell cycle?phase of the cell cycle?
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1. DNA synthesis
2. Cell division
3. Chromsome duplication
4. Protein Production
What happens in the M phase What happens in the M phase of the cell cycle?of the cell cycle?
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1. DNA synthesis
2. Cell growth
3. Chromsome duplication
4. Makes 2 new cells
Interphase – Resting Stage Interphase – Resting Stage (Not Really)(Not Really)
Cells carrying on normal activities
Chromosomes aren’t visibleCell metabolism is occurringOccurs before mitosis
InterphaseInterphase
Stages of MitosisStages of Mitosis
ProphaseMetaphaseAnaphaseTelophase
Cells Undergoing MitosisCells Undergoing Mitosis
Steps in ProphaseSteps in Prophase
DNA coils tightly & becomes visible as chromosomes
Nuclear membrane disappears Nuceolus disappears Centrioles migrate to poles Spindle begins to form
ProphaseProphase
Eukaryotic ChromosomeEukaryotic Chromosome
Human ChromosomesHuman Chromosomes
Steps in MetaphaseSteps in Metaphase
Spindle fibers from centrioles attach to each chromosome
Cell preparing to separate its chromosomes
Cell aligns its chromosomes in the middle of the cell
MetaphaseMetaphase
Steps in AnaphaseSteps in Anaphase
Cell chromosomes are separated
Spindle fibers shorten so chromosomes pulled to ends of cell
Mitotic SpindleMitotic Spindle
AnaphaseAnaphase
Steps in TelophaseSteps in Telophase
Separation of chromosomes completed
Cell Plate forms (plants)Cleavage furrow
forms(animals)Nucleus & nucleolus reformChromosomes uncoil
TelophaseTelophase
Plant Animal
CytokinesisCytokinesis
Occurs after chromosomes separate
Forms two, identical daughter cells
CytokinesisCytokinesis
Cell Plate Forming in Plant Cells
Which of the following Which of the following describes interphase?describes interphase?
Chromoso
mes li...
Chromoso
mes ar..
.
Chromoso
mes ar..
.
Chromoso
mes cr..
.
25% 25%25%25%1. Chromosomes line
up in the middle
2. Chromosomes aren’t visible
3. Chromosomes are pulled apart
4. Chromosomes cross over
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The nucleus reforms in:The nucleus reforms in:
Prophas
e
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
Cytokinesis
20% 20% 20%20%20%
1. Prophase
2. Metaphase
3. Anaphase
4. Telophase
5. Cytokinesis
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Chromosomes become visible in:Chromosomes become visible in:
Prophas
e
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
Cytokinesis
20% 20% 20%20%20%
1. Prophase
2. Metaphase
3. Anaphase
4. Telophase
5. Cytokinesis
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Centrioles migrate to the poles in:Centrioles migrate to the poles in:
Prophas
e
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
Cytokinesis
20% 20% 20%20%20%
1. Prophase
2. Metaphase
3. Anaphase
4. Telophase
5. Cytokinesis
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Chromosomes separate in:Chromosomes separate in:
Prophas
e
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
Cytokinesis
20% 20% 20%20%20%
1. Prophase
2. Metaphase
3. Anaphase
4. Telophase
5. Cytokinesis
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Spindle fibers attach to Spindle fibers attach to chromsomes in:chromsomes in:
Prophas
e
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
Cytokinesis
20% 20% 20%20%20%
1. Prophase
2. Metaphase
3. Anaphase
4. Telophase
5. Cytokinesis
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The nuclear membrane The nuclear membrane disappears in:disappears in:
Prophas
e
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
Cytokinesis
20% 20% 20%20%20%
1. Prophase
2. Metaphase
3. Anaphase
4. Telophase
5. Cytokinesis
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The formation of 2 new The formation of 2 new identical daughter cellsidentical daughter cells
Prophas
e
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
Cytokinesis
20% 20% 20%20%20%
1. Prophase
2. Metaphase
3. Anaphase
4. Telophase
5. Cytokinesis
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Chromosomes line up in the Chromosomes line up in the middle in:middle in:
Prophas
e
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
Cytokinesis
20% 20% 20%20%20%
1. Prophase
2. Metaphase
3. Anaphase
4. Telophase
5. Cytokinesis
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Enter question text...Enter question text...
Prophas
e
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
Cytokinesis
20% 20% 20%20%20%
1. Prophase
2. Metaphase
3. Anaphase
4. Telophase
5. Cytokinesis
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Cell plates form in plants Cell plates form in plants during:during:
Prophas
e
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
Cytokinesis
20% 20% 20%20%20%
1. Prophase
2. Metaphase
3. Anaphase
4. Telophase
5. Cytokinesis
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