Cell Chemistry

LPA 2013-2014Week 3

Standard 2.3

Monday Objective

• I will describe cell theory and relate it to the nature of science.

Bell work

• Read pages 120-124.

Reading Questions

• What questions do you have as a result of your reading?

Vocabulary Review

• Make sure you remember the definitions for the following terms from Middle School:– Cell– Microscopes– Bacteria

Vocabulary

• Create vocabulary flashcards for the following terms:– Light Microscope– Electron Microscope

Observing Cells

• 1665 – Robert Hooke created a primitive _________ microscope.

• Many ____________ in a cell are too small to see with a light microscope.

Observing Cells

• 1950s – The powerful electron microscope was created.

• ____________ microscopes show many _________ structures in a cell.

• Electron microscopes may only image _______ cells.

Cell Theory

• Rudolf Virchow – proposed that __________ only come from other ________.

• Theodor Schwann – All ____________ are made of __________.

• Matthias Jakob Schleiden – All _________ are made of __________.

Cell Theory

1. All __________ are composed of cells.2. Cells are ______ and the basic living units of

organization in all organisms.3. All cells come from ______ _______.

Levels of Organization

• ____________ organisms have many types of ____________ cells in their bodies.

Levels of Organization

OrganismOrgan SystemOrganTissueCellOrganelleMoleculeAtom

Monday Objective

• I will describe cell theory and relate it to the nature of science.

Homework

• Complete questions 1-9 on page 125.

• Read pages 126 – 132.

Tuesday Objective

• I will identify different cells.

• I will describe cell structures and their functions.

Bell work

• Complete questions 1-3 on page 133.

Reading Questions

• What questions do you have as a result of your reading?

Vocabulary Review

• Make sure you remember the definitions for the following terms from Middle School:– Cell– Prokaryote– Eukaryote– Nucleus– DNA

Vocabulary

• Create vocabulary flashcards for the following terms:– Organelle– Plasmid– Plasma Membrane– Cytosol– Cytoplasm– Chromosome

Cell Types

• Prokaryotic cells do not contain ___________- __________ organelles like a ____________.

• Eukaryotic cells contain __________ - __________ organelles like a ___________, ___________, or ____________.

Prokaryotes

• Do not have a __________ or other membrane-bound ____________.

• Prokaryotic cells are much ___________ and __________ than eukaryotes.

• DNA is a large ___________ that is coiled up.• May contain smaller circles of DNA called

____________.• Example: ___________ and archaebacteria

Prokaryotes

Eukaryotes

• Contain a ___________, and other membrane-bound ____________.

• Eukaryotic cells may be _______________.• DNA is contained in a _____________.• Examples: __________, ___________,

___________, and ___________.

Eukaryote

Plasma Membrane

• The plasma membrane is a __________ layer of phospholipids with ___________ randomly placed throughout.

• The plasma membrane is also known as the _______ _______________.

• The plasma membrane controls what goes ________ and _______ of a cell.

Plasma Membrane

Cytosol

• The cytosol is the ___________ fluid-like substance that surrounds all the organelles of a cell.

• The cytosol is composed of ___________ and other __________ (such as ___________).

Cytoplasm

• The cytoplasm is a term that refers to the _________ and all the organelles of a cell except for the __________.

Nucleus

• The nucleus is a ____________ - bound organelle that contains most of the ___________ material of a cell.

• The nuclear membrane controls which molecules go in and out of the ___________.

Chromosomes

• The DNA in a nucleus is wrapped in _________ and then coiled to form _____________.

• The genetic material directs which ____________ are made and then shipped to other parts of the cell or body.

Mitochondria

• Mitochondria generate cellular __________, called __________, needed to power chemical reactions.

• Mitochondria are found in ALL ____________ cells.

Chloroplasts

• Site of ________________.• Found in plants, ________, and some

___________.

Other Eukaryotic Organelles

• ___________ are storage centers.• ___________ contain enzymes that break

down old molecules.• The ____________ gives the cell structure like

your bones.• ___________ interpret RNA and creates

proteins.

Endoplasmic Reticulum

• The ____________ ____________ (ER) is a membranous maze surrounding the nucleus.

• ________ ER has ribosomes attached to the membrane and produces ___________.

• ________ ER does not have ribosomes and produces ___________.

ER

Golgi Apparatus

• The golgi apparatus receives the ___________ from the rough ER.

• It packages the proteins by adding a ________ molecule.

• It ships the package to the correct place in the _______.

Golgi Apparatus

Plant Cells

• Plant cells are ____________ cells.• Differ from animal cells in the following ways:– Plant cells contain a large central ___________.• Contains water, nutrients and wastes• Makes up 90% of the cell’s volumes

– Animal cells contain much smaller __________.

Plant Cell

Plant Cells

• Plant cells have a ________ __________ in addition to a cell membrane.

• This _______ ________ provides __________, rigidity and ___________ to the cell.

• Other organisms with a cell wall include:– Fungi– Bacteria

Plant Cells

• Plant cells have ____________ which are the site of photosynthesis. Animals cells do not have these.

Tuesday Objective

• I will identify different cells.

• I will describe cell structures and their functions.

Homework

• Complete questions 4-7 on page 133.

• Read pages 134-139.

Wednesday Objective

• I will describe types of transport across the cell membrane.

Bell work

• Complete questions 3-5 on page 140.

Reading Questions

• What questions do you have as a result of your reading?

Vocabulary Review

• Make sure you remember the definitions for the following terms:– Cell membrane– Concentration

Vocabulary

• Create vocabulary flashcards for the following terms:– Semipermeable Membrane– Passive Transport– Diffusion– Facilitated Diffusion– Active Transport– Vesicle

Quiz

• C =NO communication except with the teacher.• H =Raise your hand and wait to speak.• A =Take the test. Answer every question.• M =Do not get out of your seat or into your bags.• P =Finish the test. When you finish, turn your

paper over and describe the process of photosynthesis.

Wednesday Objective

• I will describe types of transport across the cell membrane.

Homework

• Complete questions 6-8 on page 140.

Thursday Objective

• I will describe types of transport across the cell membrane.

Bell work

• Complete questions 9 & 10 on page 140.

Demonstration

• Create a scientific diagram that records the ingredients of each beaker and each plastic bag.

• Check the beakers at 5 minutes intervals.• Draw new diagrams every time you check the

beakers.

Transport

• The cell membrane is _____________ permeable, or “semipermeable,” which means that only some ___________ can get through the membrane.

• Water and small non-charged molecules such as __________ and CO2 slip around the phospholipids.

• Larger ____________ and _________ molecules cannot slip across the membrane.

Cell Membrane

Passive Transport

• Passive transport is the _____________ of molecules and particles across a cell membrane without the input of __________.

• Types of Passive Transport:– Diffusion– Facilitated Diffusion

Diffusion

• Diffusion is the ______________ of molecules from an area of ________ concentration to an area of ________ concentration.

• Diffusion does not require ___________.• Diffusion occurs by the __________

movement of molecules.

Osmosis

• Osmosis is the diffusion of ____________.– Hypotonic – the external water solution has a

_________ concentration of dissolved material than the cytosol.

– Hypertonic – The external water solution has a _________ concentration of dissolved material than the cytosol.

– Isotonic – the external water solution has the _________ concentration of dissolved material as the cytosol.

Facilitated Diffusion

• Simple diffusion works for ______ molecules and ____-_________ molecules.

• Large molecules and charged molecules cannot slip past the ________________ heads of the cell membrane.

• _______________ diffusion is the use of proteins to transport large molecules and charged molecules into or out of the cell.

Channel Proteins

• __________ or charged molecules move across the cell membrane through ___________ proteins.

• ___________ proteins are always open and act like a _________.

• Channel proteins do not require energy; so they are a form of ___________ transport.

Carrier Proteins

• _______ molecules are ___________ across the cell membranes when they meet a carrier protein.

• Carrier proteins do not require energy; so they are a form of ___________ transport.

Active Transport

• Active transport moves molecules __________ the concentration gradient.– From an area of _______ concentration to an area

of _______ concentration.

• Active transport requires ________ and _________ proteins to move the molecules.

Vesicles

• A vesicle is a small bubble of ___________ that transports a large to the _______ _____________.

• Vesicle formation requires ___________.

– Exocytosis – the vesicle transports a molecule from within the cell to the cell membrane.

– Endocytosis – the vesicle forms at the cell membrane and transports the molecule into the cell.

Thursday Objective

• I will describe types of transport across the cell membrane.

Homework

• Complete questions 1 & 2 on page 140.

Friday Objective

• I will describe osmosis in hypertonic, isotonic, and hypotonic solutions.

Bell work

• Review the lab instructions. • Record your questions in the margins.

Demonstration

• Create a scientific diagram that records the ingredients of each beaker and each plastic bag.

• Check the beakers at 5 minutes intervals.• Draw new diagrams every time you check the

beakers.

Phet Simulation

• Virtual Membrane Diffusion Lab

• http://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/membrane-channels

Friday Objective

• I will describe osmosis in hypertonic, isotonic, and hypotonic solutions.

Homework

• Complete the worksheet.