cefpi midwest great lakes regional conference april 23, 2009
TRANSCRIPT
CEFPI Midwest Great Lakes Regional Conference
April 23, 2009
HVAC Design/Construction… Getting it Right the First Time
Presented by: Terrance R. Liette, PE, LEED APFanning/Howey Associates, Inc.
Fanning/Howey…who are we?
47 years specializing in K-12 planning and design Complete and cost-effective in-house design
services: Architecture Engineering Site Technology Interiors
Ohio School Facility Commission (OSFC) experience
Green (LEED) experience
Terrance R. Liette, PE, LEED AP…who am I?
Executive Director of Fanning Howey Engineering Group
Principal 27 years experience, all with Fanning/Howey Registered Professional Engineer in 18 states LEED Accredited Professional
HVAC Design/Construction… Getting it Right the First Time
Today’s agenda… Expectations of the HVAC design engineer Selecting the right HVAC system for the project LEED and the impact on HVAC system design and
construction System performance criteria Construction administration…role and goals Project commissioning and HVAC systems After construction is complete, warranty and
maintenance
HVAC Design/Construction… Getting it Right the First Time
Expectations of the HVAC design engineer… Assist the architect with energy modeling
Integrated project design Energy Star target
HVAC Design/Construction… Getting it Right the First Time
Integrated project design: Initial energy model integrated with architect’s 3-D
package eQuest or any program running with DOE-2 engine Establish targets for the building envelope construction
together Determine impact from orientation runs Adjust massing models to determine the greatest
impact
HVAC Design/Construction… Getting it Right the First Time
Energy Star target: Always compare to the Target Finder for Energy Star.
See www.energystar.gov for more information.
HVAC Design/Construction… Getting it Right the First Time
Expectations of the HVAC design engineer… Assist the architect with energy modeling Develop HVAC options specific to the proposed facility
designGeothermal Water-source Heat Pump?
Displacement Ventilation?
Chilled Beams?
HVAC Design/Construction… Getting it Right the First Time
Expectations of the HVAC design engineer… Assist the architect with energy modeling Develop HVAC options specific to the proposed facility
design Analyze annual energy impact directly related to each
HVAC system option
HVAC Design/Construction… Getting it Right the First Time
HVAC Design/Construction… Getting it Right the First Time
Expectations of the HVAC design engineer… Assist the architect with energy modeling Develop HVAC options specific to the proposed facility
design Analyze annual energy impact directly related to each
HVAC option Present valid data to school district stakeholders for
decision
HVAC Design/Construction… Getting it Right the First Time
Expectations of the HVAC design engineer… Assist the architect with energy modeling Develop HVAC options specific to the proposed facility
design Analyze annual energy impact directly related to each
HVAC option Present valid data to school district stakeholders for
decision Continued analysis of building energy model as design
progresses, always looking to make adjustments for reduced energy and improved indoor environment
HVAC Design/Construction… Getting it Right the First Time
Expectations of the HVAC design engineer… Assist the architect with energy modeling Develop HVAC options specific to the proposed facility
design Analyze annual energy impact directly related to each
HVAC option Present valid data to school district stakeholders for
decision Continued analysis of building energy model as design
progresses, always looking to make adjustments for reduced energy and improved indoor environment
Phase submission documents Drawings
HVAC Design/Construction… Getting it Right the First Time
Typical Classroom
Design Development
Phase
HVAC Design/Construction… Getting it Right the First Time
Typical Mechanical
Room
Design Development
Phase
HVAC Design/Construction… Getting it Right the First Time
Expectations of the HVAC design engineer… Assist the architect with energy modeling Develop HVAC options specific to the proposed facility
design Analyze annual energy impact directly related to each
HVAC option Present valid data to school district stakeholders for
decision Continued analysis of building energy model as design
progresses, always looking to make adjustments for reduced energy and improved indoor environment
Phase submission documents Drawings Specifications
} Detailed quality control check
HVAC Design/Construction… Getting it Right the First Time
Expectations of the HVAC design engineer… Assist the architect with energy modeling Develop HVAC options specific to the proposed facility
design Analyze annual energy impact directly related to each
HVAC option Present valid data to school district stakeholders for
decision Continued analysis of building energy model as design
progresses, always looking to make adjustments for reduced energy and improved indoor environment
Phase submission documents Drawings Specifications Energy modeling targets
HVAC Design/Construction… Getting it Right the First Time
Expectations of the HVAC design engineer… Assist the architect with energy modeling Develop HVAC options specific to the proposed facility
design Analyze annual energy impact directly related to each
HVAC option Present valid data to school district stakeholders for
decision Continued analysis of building energy model as design
progresses, always looking to make adjustments for reduced energy and improved indoor environment
Phase submission documents Drawings Specifications Energy modeling targets Commissioning agent review
HVAC Design/Construction… Getting it Right the First Time
HVAC Design/Construction… Getting it Right the First Time
Expectations of the HVAC design engineer… Assist the architect with energy modeling Develop HVAC options specific to the proposed facility
design Analyze annual energy impact directly related to each
HVAC option Present valid data to school district stakeholders for
decision Continued analysis of building energy model as design
progresses, always looking to make adjustments for reduced energy and improved indoor environment
Phase submission documents Cost estimating support
HVAC Design/Construction… Getting it Right the First Time
Expectations of the HVAC design engineer… Assist the architect with energy modeling Develop HVAC options specific to the proposed facility
design Analyze annual energy impact directly related to each
HVAC option Present valid data to school district stakeholders for
decision Continued analysis of building energy model as design
progresses, always looking to make adjustments for reduced energy and improved indoor environment
Phase submission documents Cost estimating support Value engineering approach
HVAC Design/Construction… Getting it Right the First Time
Expectations of the HVAC design engineer… Assist the architect with energy modeling Develop HVAC options specific to the proposed facility
design Analyze annual energy impact directly related to each HVAC
option Present valid data to school district stakeholders for
decision Continued analysis of building energy model as design
progresses, always looking to make adjustments for reduced energy and improved indoor environment
Phase submission documents Cost estimating support Value engineering approach Bidding support
HVAC Design/Construction… Getting it Right the First Time
Expectations of the HVAC design engineer… Assist the architect with energy modeling Develop HVAC options specific to the proposed facility design Analyze annual energy impact directly related to each HVAC
option Present valid data to school district stakeholders for decision Continued analysis of building energy model as design
progresses, always looking to make adjustments for reduced energy and improved indoor environment
Phase submission documents Cost estimating support Value engineering approach Bidding support Construction administration, being on the job at the project
site
HVAC Design/Construction… Getting it Right the First Time
Selecting the right HVAC system for the project… 21st century systems for consideration
HVAC Design/Construction… Getting it Right the First Time
21st century systems for consideration: Variable Air Volume systems Ground Source Heat Pump systems (geothermal) Displacement Ventilation systems Thermal Ice Storage Chilled Beam applications
Active Passive Combined with induction air/displacement ventilation
Variable Refrigerant Volume systems
HVAC Design/Construction… Getting it Right the First Time
Selecting the right HVAC system for the project… 21st century systems for consideration Always share the advantages and disadvantages
HVAC Design/Construction… Getting it Right the First Time
Fan Powered VAVFan Powered VAV
Advantages DisadvantagesThe VAV terminals are located above the ceiling, using less floor space
Central air-handling units can minimize redundancy
The system is energy efficient in operation
Noise level could be higher than acceptable for LEED credit
Life expectancy of 30-35+ years
Air balance of systems requires greater care and expertise
The heat recovery system helps to lower operating costs and control humidity levels throughout the building
Filter changes at each VAV terminalFan motor at each VAV terminal
HVAC Design/Construction… Getting it Right the First Time
Fan Powered VAVWater Source Heat Pump with Geothermal
Advantages DisadvantagesThe system can be located above the ceiling, using less floor space
The heat pump equipment has a life expectancy of 15-20 years
Operated with DDC controls Intermixing of air streams can encourage distribution of odors throughout the building
Design meets ASHRAE standard 62.1-2004 ventilation
Maintenance tends to be higher due to excessive use of the heat pump compressor
The system is energy efficient in operation
Noise may be higher due to compressor
Mechanical spaces are required for make-up air units and possibly heat pump units
Higher installation cost
HVAC Design/Construction… Getting it Right the First Time
Selecting the right HVAC system for the project… 21st century systems for consideration Always share the advantages and disadvantages Energy should have an impact, but should not be the
only measurement
HVAC Design/Construction… Getting it Right the First Time
Energy should have an impact, but should not be the only measurement:
Consider expectations of the school district Consider the value of the local service companies Consider the utilities available in the area Consider the first cost implications to the budget…what
can you really afford to buy on bid day? Consider acoustical impact (background system noise)
HVAC Design/Construction… Getting it Right the First Time
Selecting the right HVAC system for the project… 21st century systems for consideration Always share the advantages and disadvantages Energy should have an impact, but should not be the
only measurement Maintenance considerations
HVAC Design/Construction… Getting it Right the First Time
Maintenance considerations: Determine the level of expertise within the maintenance
department of the school district…it will vary greatly from district to district
Develop an understanding of the existing systems in the school district…do they want or expect continuity with some manufacturers of the HVAC equipment (i.e., pumps, temperature controls, boilers)?
What are some of the new considerations on the market…are they truly tested or would you and the school district be the guinea pig?
Life cycle of the system…how long before replacement of components is required?
HVAC Design/Construction… Getting it Right the First Time
Selecting the right HVAC system for the project… 21st century systems for consideration Always share the advantages and disadvantages Energy should have an impact, but should not be the
only measurement Maintenance considerations Decision made by the stakeholders based on quality
data
HVAC Design/Construction… Getting it Right the First Time
LEED and the impact on the HVAC system design and construction
LEED credits most impacted by the HVAC system selection EA Prereq 2 – Minimum Energy Performance
Intent: To establish the minimum level of energy efficiency for the proposed building and systems.
Requirements: Design the building project to comply with both the mandatory provisions of ASHRAE/IESNA Standard 90.1-2004 and the prescriptive requirements or performance requirements of ASHRAE/IESNA Standard 90.1-2004
and
The project must establish an Energy Performance Rating goal for the facility design using EPA’s Target Finder rating tool.
HVAC Design/Construction… Getting it Right the First Time
LEED and the impact on the HVAC system design and construction
LEED credits most impacted by the HVAC system selection EA Prereq 3 – Fundamental Refrigerant Management
Intent: To reduce ozone depletion.
Requirements: Zero use of CFC-based refrigerants in the new base building HVAC&R systems.
HVAC Design/Construction… Getting it Right the First Time
LEED and the impact on the HVAC system design and construction
LEED credits most impacted by the HVAC system selection EA Credit 1 – Optimize Energy Performance
Intent: To achieve an increasing level of energy performance above the baseline to reduce environmental and economic impacts associated with excessive energy use.Requirements: Achieve at least 14% savings over baseline performance per ASHRAE 90.1-2004 for a minimum of 2 points using one of the following methods:
•Whole building energy simulation per 90.1-2004 Appendix G
•Advanced Buildings Core Performance
•New Buildings Institute
•ASHRAE Advanced Energy Design Guide for K-12 Schools
HVAC Design/Construction… Getting it Right the First Time
LEED and the impact on the HVAC system design and construction
LEED credits most impacted by the HVAC system selection EA Credit 4 – Enhanced Refrigerant Management
Intent: To reduce ozone depletion and support early compliance with the Montreal Protocol while minimizing direct contributions to global warming.
Requirements:
Option 1: Do not use refrigerants
or
Option 2: Select refrigerants and HVAC&R that minimize or eliminate the emission of compounds that contribute to ozone depletion and global warming
HVAC Design/Construction… Getting it Right the First Time
LEED and the impact on the HVAC system design and construction
LEED credits most impacted by the HVAC system selection EA Credit 5 – Measurement & Verification
Intent: To provide for ongoing accountability of building energy consumption over time.
Requirements: Develop and implement a Measurement & Verification (M&V) plan consistent with Option D (Calibrated Simulation) or Option B (ECM Isolation) as specified in the IPMVP Vol. III. Period shall be for no less than 1 year of post construction occupancy and must include a process for corrective action if savings are not achieved.
HVAC Design/Construction… Getting it Right the First Time
LEED and the impact on the HVAC system design and construction
LEED credits most impacted by the HVAC system selection EA Credit 6 – Green Power
Intent: To encourage the development and use of grid-source renewable energy technologies on a net zero pollution basis.
Requirements: Provide at least 35% of the building’s electricity from renewable sources by engaging in at least a 2-year renewable energy contract. Renewable sources are defined by the Center For Resource Solutions (SRS) Green-e products certification requirements.
HVAC Design/Construction… Getting it Right the First Time
LEED and the impact on the HVAC system design and construction
LEED credits most impacted by the HVAC system selection EQ Prereq 1 – Minimum IAQ Performance
Intent: To establish Minimum IAQ performance to enhance IAQ in buildings, thus contributing to the comfort and well being of the occupants.
Requirements: Meet the minimum requirements of Sections 4 - 7 of ASHRAE 62.1-2004.
HVAC Design/Construction… Getting it Right the First Time
LEED and the impact on the HVAC system design and construction
LEED credits most impacted by the HVAC system selection EQ Prereq 3 – Minimum Acoustical Performance
Intent: To provide classrooms that are quiet and in which teachers can speak to the class without straining their voices and students can effectively communicate with each other and the teacher.Requirements: Design classrooms and other core learning spaces to meet the Reverberation Time (RT) requirements of ANSI S12.60-2002. Also, design classrooms and other core learning spaces to meet the Sound Transmission Class (STC) Requirements, excepting windows, which meet a STC of at least 35
and
Option 1 – use methods in ANSI S12.60-2002 to achieve a minimum background noise level in classrooms or other primary learning spaces of 45 dBA.
or
Option 2 – design classrooms and other core learning spaces using the methodology listed in the 2003 HVAC Applications ASHRAE Handbook, Chapter 47, and achieve a RN(C) Mark II level of 37.
HVAC Design/Construction… Getting it Right the First Time
LEED and the impact on the HVAC system design and construction
LEED credits most impacted by the HVAC system selection EQ Credit 1 – Outdoor Air Delivery Monitoring
Intent: to provide capacity for ventilation system monitoring to help sustain occupant comfort and well being.
Requirements: install permanent monitoring systems that provide feedback on ventilation system performance to ensure the ventilation systems maintain design-minimum ventilation requirements. The system must generate an alarm when conditions vary by 10% or more from the set point.
For mechanically ventilated spaces, monitor CO2 in all densely occupied spaces. CO2 monitoring locations shall be between 3’ and 6’ above the floor
and
For each system serving non-densely occupied spaces, provide a direct outdoor airflow measurement device capable of measuring the minimum outdoor airflow rate with an accuracy of ±15% of the designed minimum as defined in ASHRAE 62.1-2004.
HVAC Design/Construction… Getting it Right the First Time
LEED and the impact on the HVAC system design and construction
LEED credits most impacted by the HVAC system selection EQ Credit 5 – Indoor Chemical & Pollutant Source Control
Intent: to minimize exposure of building occupants to potentially hazardous particulates and chemical pollutants.
Requirements: design to minimize and control pollutant entry into buildings and later to cross-contaminate occupied areas:
•Permanent entry way systems at least 6’ in direction of travel.
•Where hazardous gasses or chemicals may be present, exhaust to create negative pressure with respect to adjacent spaces.
•Provide air filters of MERV 13 or better.
•Provide contaminant drains plumbed for appropriate disposal of hazardous liquid wastes in places where water and chemical concentrate mixing occurs for laboratory purposes.
HVAC Design/Construction… Getting it Right the First Time
LEED and the impact on the HVAC system design and construction
LEED credits most impacted by the HVAC system selection EQ Credit 6.2 – Thermal Comfort Controllability
Intent: to provide a high level of thermal comfort system control by individual occupants or by specified groups in multi-occupant spaces to promote the productivity, comfort and well-being of building occupants.
Requirements: provide individual comfort controls for 50% (minimum) of the building occupants in workspaces
and
provide comfort controls for all multi-occupant spaces.
(Conditions for thermal comfort are defined in ASHRAE Standard 55-2004 – air temperature, radiant temperature, air speed and humidity.)
HVAC Design/Construction… Getting it Right the First Time
LEED and the impact on the HVAC system design and construction
LEED credits most impacted by the HVAC system selection EQ Credit 7.1 – Thermal Comfort Design
Intent: to provide a comfortable environment that supports productivity and well-being of occupants.
Requirements: design HVAC systems to meet requirements of ASHRAE Standard 55-2004.
HVAC Design/Construction… Getting it Right the First Time
LEED and the impact on the HVAC system design and construction
LEED credits most impacted by the HVAC system selection EQ Credit 10 – Mold Prevention
Intent: to reduce potential for mold in school by preventive design and construction methods.Requirements: achieve the following credits:
•EQc3.1: Construction for IAQ Management: During Construction
•EQc7.1: Thermal Comfort: Design
•EQc7.2: Thermal Comfort: Verification
and
Design HVAC to have a RH of 60% or less under all load conditions, both occupied and unoccupied
and
Develop and implement an IAQ management plan based on an EPA document (reference 402-F-91-102).
HVAC Design/Construction… Getting it Right the First Time
System performance criteria… Each classroom environment needs independent system
control Specifically control the breathing zone Humidity control improves room comfort and saves the
building components Outside air requirements…the correct amount to meet
code and enhance the room environment Only treat the spaces as they are being used…reduce
overall energy during course of school day Performance criteria should be reviewed and agreed
upon by the Commissioning Agent
HVAC Design/Construction… Getting it Right the First Time
Construction administration… Set expectations with the Contractor from the first day
Preconstruction MeetingStructured agenda with set goalsCommunication routingPaperwork routingProcess expectations
HVAC Design/Construction… Getting it Right the First Time
Construction administration… Set expectations with the Contractor from the first day
Preconstruction Meeting Pre-installation Meeting (immediately before installation
starts)Detailed review of technical specificationsClarify expected installation techniquesQuality expectations set
HVAC Design/Construction… Getting it Right the First Time
Construction administration… Set expectations with the Contractor from the first day
Preconstruction Meeting Pre-installation Meeting (immediately before installation
starts) Pre-start Up Meeting
Define who attendsDetermine criteria to
allow start upOutline time line
requirements
HVAC Design/Construction… Getting it Right the First Time
Construction administration… Set expectations with the Contractor from the first day
Preconstruction Meeting Pre-installation Meeting (immediately before installation
starts) Pre-start Up Meeting Pre-closeout Meeting
Methodologies for completing the projectTimelines for expediting completion of the projectPunch out and final review expectations
HVAC Design/Construction… Getting it Right the First Time
Construction administration… Set expectations with the Contractor from the first day
Preconstruction Meeting Pre-installation Meeting immediately before installation
starts Pre-start Up Meeting Pre-closeout Meeting Final Documentation
Operation & Maintenance ManualsFinal testing documentationFinal paperworkCoordination with the Commissioning Agent
HVAC Design/Construction… Getting it Right the First Time
Project commissioning and HVAC systems… Commissioning required for LEED projects and any
Ohio School Facilities Commission (OSFC) projects Independent 3rd party consultant in contract directly
with the school system Early involvement is key and pays big dividends
CxA should be reviewing the engineering design documents beginning with the SD phase submission to the client
The best commissioning agents have a clear process for documenting issues and following up with addressing each issue
HVAC Design/Construction… Getting it Right the First Time
Project commissioning and HVAC systems… The CxA continues working on the project throughout
construction and in the first year following construction (in the event of LEED certification pursuits)
Benefits are already being seen in the first year of operation…lower operating costs reflecting an HVAC system operating as it was intended
HVAC Design/Construction… Getting it Right the First Time
Post construction issues: Warranty Maintenance Contractually, what are the required expectations of the
design professional? When does the school take ownership?
HVAC Design/Construction… Getting it Right the First Time
To Summarize: The HVAC system is very complicated, so… know your HVAC Engineer very well and set high
expectations Integration of design is necessary Quality control – check the work Set goals early and never lose sight of them Plan the work and then work the plan
HVAC Design/Construction… Getting it Right the First Time