信息2012 夏季號 Compass Summer 2012

國家概覽

沙特阿拉伯王國是中東地區面積最大

的國家，亦是世界第二大阿拉伯國

家。伊斯蘭教義及社會習俗在各方

面皆深深影響著沙特阿拉伯人民的生活。

經濟方面，沙特阿拉伯石油儲量豐富，為

石油輸出國組織（OPEC）的重要成員國。根據OPEC的資料，沙特阿拉伯擁有全球探明石油儲量約五分之一，為世界最大石油

輸出國。由於石油業佔據主導地位，因此

沙特阿拉伯經濟極易受油價波動影響。

政治趨勢

沙特阿拉伯自 19 3 2年成立以來一直由阿爾沙特家族統治，實行世襲君主制，

由數千王室成員主導政治決策。現任國王

阿卜杜拉自2005年起執政。2011年10月，沙特阿拉伯王儲蘇爾坦因病辭世。王室迅

速策封內政部長納伊夫王子為新王儲，穩

定短期的政局。

雖然沙特阿拉伯為君主專制國家，

但並未受2011年「阿拉伯之春」運動所波及。面對鄰近地區動盪，沙特政府立即推

行一連串國民社會福利措施。

Country Overview

The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is the largest country in the Middle East by land area and the world’s second-largest Arab country. Islamic principles and social customs deeply influence all aspects

of life in Saudi Arabia. Economically, Saudi Arabia is an oil-rich country and is a key member of the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC). According to the OPEC, Saudi Arabia possesses around one fifth of the world’s proven petroleum reserves and ranks as the world’s largest exporter of petroleum. As a result of the dominance of oil sector, Saudi Arabia’s economy has been highly vulnerable to oil price volatility.

Political Trend

Saudi Arabia has been ruled by the al-Saud family since the kingdom’s foundation in 1932. The monarchy is hereditary and political decision-making is dominated by the royal family, which is composed of thousands of members. The incumbent King, Abdullah bin Abdel-Aziz al-Saud has been in power since 2005. In October 2011, Saudi Arabia’s Crown Prince Sultan bin Abdel-Aziz al-Saud, who is the heir to the throne, died from an illness. The royal family moved rapidly to appoint Interior Minister Prince Nayef bin Abdel-Aziz al-Saud as the new Crown Prince, bolstering stability in the short-term.

Despite that Saudi Arabia is ruled by an absolute monarchy, the kingdom remained largely untouched by the Arab Spring in 2011. The

Highlights

Political• A hereditary monarchy based on Islam• With favorable socio-economic conditions, Saudi Arabia was

able to weather well the contagious spillover effects of the regional political unrest in 2011

Economic• Large fiscal surplus accumulated through oil exports allowed

it to increase fiscal spending on infrastructure projects for diversifying the economy

• Joined the World Trade Organization (WTO) in 2005 and further liberalised its trade policies since then

近況概覽

政治• 信奉伊斯蘭教的世襲君主制國家• 具備有利的社會經濟條件，未有受到

2011年鄰近地區政局動盪所殃及

經濟• 透過出口石油累積大量財政盈餘有利增加對基礎設施的財政投入，促進經濟多元化

• 於2005年加入世界貿易組織（WTO）後，進一步開放貿易政策

沙特阿拉伯─推進經濟多元化發展Saudi Arabia – Diversifying Economic Development 市

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信息2012 夏季號 Compass Summer 2012

經濟趨勢

於2 0 0 9年經歷短暫經濟放緩後，隨著全球石油需求反彈，沙特阿拉伯經濟於

2 010年迅速復甦。2 011年，在油價上升推動下，加上為彌補利比亞供應中斷而增

加石油出口，沙特阿拉伯經濟增長加速至

6.8%。

沙特阿拉伯致力使經濟多元化，

擺脫長久以來由石化行業主導的狀況。

沙特阿拉伯已預算投入大量資金以支援新

產業及基礎設施項目，包括利用該國豐富

的能源來創立增值型產業，以及創造製造

業、旅遊業及其他服務行業的就業崗位。

沙 特 阿 拉 伯 為 海 灣 合 作 委 員 會

（G C C）成員國之一，於2 0 0 3年實行統一關稅法（U L C）促進區內貿易。根據ULC，沙特阿拉伯對大部分進口產品基於成本、保險費加運費發票金額徵收5 %的關稅。經歷十餘年的談判，沙特阿拉伯於

2005年加入世界貿易組織（WTO）。加入WTO後，沙特阿拉伯取消藥物及WTO民用航空器貿易協議所涉及產品的關稅，再於

2008年取消電腦、半導體及其他資訊技術產品關稅。然而，基於宗教或保安原因，

沙特阿拉伯禁止進口酒精、非醫療藥物、

非伊斯蘭宗教物品及其他視為有悖伊斯蘭

教義的物品。

香港與沙特阿拉伯的貿易

2011年，沙特阿拉伯為香港第40大出口市場及中東地區第三大出口市場，僅次

於阿聯酋及以色列。香港至沙特阿拉伯的

出口總值由2010年的47億港元增長4.3%至2011年的49億港元。2011年，出口至沙特阿拉伯的三大類貨品為： (1 )通訊設備及配件 ( -2.4%)、 (2)電腦 (+23.1%)及 (3)手錶及鐘錶 ( -1.5%)，分別佔香港對沙特阿拉伯出口總值的26.3%、18.4%及11.1%。

government has responded to the regional unrest by announcing a social welfare package for its citizens

Economic Trend

Following a brief economic slowdown in 2009, Saudi Arabia’s economy recovered in 2010 along with the rebound in global oil demand. Economic growth accelerated to 6.8% in 2011, fuelled by high oil prices and increased oil exports to compensate for the supply interruptions in Libya.

Saudi Arabia has pledged to diversify its economy away from the dominant hydrocarbon sector for the long term. Massive capital spending has been budgeted for financing new industrial and infrastructure projects, including the creation of value-added, energy intensive industries that capitalise on the kingdom’s vast energy resources, and create jobs in manufacturing, tourism and other services sectors.

Saudi Arabia is a member of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) and implemented the Unified Customs Law (ULC) in 2003 to facilitate regional trade. In accordance with the ULC, Saudi Arabia imposes a 5% tariff on the cost, insurance, and freight (CIF) invoice value of most imported products. In 2005, Saudi Arabia joined the World Trade Organization (WTO) after more than a decade of negotiations. Upon accession, Saudi Arabia eliminated tariffs on pharmaceuticals and on products covered by the WTO Agreement on Trade in Civil Aircraft. Tariffs on computers, semiconductors and other information technology products also ended in 2008. However, Saudi Arabia forbids imports of certain items due to religious or security reasons. It bans imports of alcohol, non-medical drugs, non-Islamic religious materials and other materials deemed offensive to Islamic principles.

首都Capital

利雅德Riyadh

人口（2010年）Population (2010)

2,710萬27.1 million

貨幣Currency

沙特里亞爾Saudi Riyal

官方語言Official language

阿拉伯語Arabic

國家制度Form of state

君主制Monarchy

主要資料 Key Data

主要出口（佔2010年總額百分比）Major Exports (% of Total, 2010)

主要進口（佔2010年總額百分比）Major Imports (% of Total, 2010)

礦產品 Mineral products 85.8 機器及運輸設備 Machinery & transport equipment 45.9

塑料 Plastics 4.5 食品 Foodstuffs 14.0

化學品 Chemicals 4.3 化學品及金屬製品 Chemical & metal products 8.3

三大出口國（佔2010年總額百分比）Top Three Export Countries (% of Total, 2010)

三大進口國（佔2010年總額百分比）Top Three Import Countries (% of Total, 2010)

日本 Japan 14.1 美國 US 12.3

中國 China 12.9 中國 China 11.0

美國 US 12.8 德國 Germany 7.2

資料來源：經濟學人智庫 (www.eiu.com)Source: Economist Intell igence Unit (www.eiu.com)

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經濟趨勢 Economic Trend

信保局承保經驗

信保局向中小企為主的沙特阿拉伯

買家提供保險服務。 2 011年，信保局於沙特阿拉伯的受保業務減少 5 7. 2 %，主要受保產品為玩具 ( + 9 0 . 5 % )、旅遊用品(+77.7%)以及金屬製品 (+13.8%)，分別佔信保局於沙特阿拉伯受保業務的34.5%、18.9%及18.4%。年內付款紀錄良好，並無大額索償。

Hong Kong – Saudi Arabian Trade

Saudi Arabia ranked the 40th largest export market of Hong Kong in 2011, and was Hong Kong’s third largest export market in the Middle East, trailing the UAE and Israel. Total exports from Hong Kong to Saudi Arabia increased by 4.3% from HK$ 4.7 billion in 2010 to HK$ 4.9 billion in 2011. The top three export categories to Saudi Arabia in 2011 were: (1) Telecommunications equipment and parts (-2.4%), (2) Computers (+23.1%), and (3) Watches and clocks (-1.5%), which represented 26.3%, 18.4% and 11.1% of total exports to Saudi Arabia respectively.

ECIC Underwriting Experience

The ECIC provides cover to Saudi Arabian buyers, which are mainly small to medium sized companies. During 2011, ECIC’s insured business in Saudi Arabia decreased by 57.2%. Major insured products are toys (+90.5%), travel goods (+77.7%) and metallic products (+13.8%), which represented 34.5%, 18.9% and 18.4% of ECIC’s insured business in Saudi Arabia respectively. Payment experience during the year was satisfactory with no major claims.

香港對沙特阿拉伯的出口總值Hong Kong Total Exports to Saudi Arabia

資料來源：政府統計處Source: Census and Statistics Department

經濟指標 Economic Indicators 2008 2009 2010 2011* 2012^

本地生產總值（十億美元） Nominal GDP (USD bn) 476.3 376.7 447.8 580.6 572.9

實際本地生產總值增長（百分比） Real GDP growth (%) 4.2 0.1 4.1 6.8 4.8

人均本地生產總值（美元） GDP per capita (USD) 18,680 14,320 16,500 20,730 19,820

通脹率（百分比） Inflation (%) 9.9 5.1 5.4 4.7 4.1

預算結餘（佔本地生產總值百分比） Budget balance (% of GDP) 32.5 -6.1 6.7* 14.3 4.9

往來帳結餘（佔本地生產總值百分比） Current account balance (% of GDP) 27.8 5.7 16.2 25.5 16.4

外債／本地生產總值（百分比） External debt / GDP (%) 16.6 19.2 19.0 18.2 21.4

資料來源：經濟學人智庫 (www.eiu.com)Source: Economist Intelligence Unit (www.eiu.com)

* 估計 Estimates^ 預測 Forecast

2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

(年份 Year)

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5,000

4,000

3,000

2,000

1,000

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(百萬港元

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