cea bruyères-le-chatel, april 27, 2009 spiral2 at ganil spiral2 phase 1 and phase 2 new equipment...
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CEA Bruyères-le-chatel, April 27, 2009
• SPIRAL2 at GANIL
• SPIRAL2 Phase 1 and Phase 2
• New equipment at SPIRAL2
• DESIR facility
• DESIR physics programme
• Safety around DESIR
Bertram BlankCEN Bordeaux-Gradignan
Phase 1
Accelerator
S3
NFS
DESIR RIB PRODUCTION
Phase 2
Existing GANIL facility
Spins&Shapes
Position ofdrip-linesPosition ofdrip-lines
N=ZN=Z
rp-processrp-process
Heavy and Super Heavy Elements
Heavy and Super Heavy Elements
r-process pathr-process path
Haloes & Structures in the Continuum
Haloes & Structures in the Continuum
Equation of StateRole of Isospin
Equation of StateRole of Isospin
Spins & ShapesSpins & Shapes
Shell structure far from stabilityShell structure
far from stability
Neutrons for scienceAtomic & solid state physicsRadiobiology & Isotope production
Neutrons for scienceAtomic & solid state physicsRadiobiology & Isotope production
ISOSPIN DEGREES OF FREEDOM IN NUCLEAR FORCES
ISOSPIN DEGREES OF FREEDOM IN NUCLEAR FORCES
www.ganil.fr/research/developments/spiral2/
Particle ArrayParticle ArrayGamma ArrayGamma Array
AGATA
PARISGASPARD
FAZIA
EXOGAM 2
ACTAR
NFS
S3DESIR
2006-2007: 19 Letters of Intent, 600 physicists from 34 countries2008-2009: TDR for big instrumentation at SPIRAL2
DESIR
Low-energy beams from:S1, S2, S3
S3Productionbuilding
SPIRAL2 (S2)
GANIL – SPIRAL1 (S1)
Projectile or targetfragmentation at95 MeV/A
main interest:very neutron- and proton-rich light nuclei1+ n+
C
Source
UCx2000°C
diffusion / effusiondeuterons40 MeV neutrons
1+ n+
C
Source
UCx2000°C
diffusion / effusiondeuterons40 MeV neutrons
1+ n+
Fission, fusionevaporation, DIC
main interest:- fission products- medium-mass proton-rich nuclei
UCx2H
IS
UCx ISHI
n
2HTarget
2HIS
n
Target IS
Converter
LISOL
Gas catcher
Fusion-evaporationreactions at CoulombBarrier, DIC
main interest:- very heavy nuclei- N=Z nuclei- very short-lived isotopes- refractory elements
170-178Hf161-179Lu
200-210Po
101-110Ag
2 8
20
28
82
126
152
20
82
6-11Li
20-31Na
36-47K
39-50Ca
72-96Kr
76-98Rb
77-100Sr
102-120Cd
104-127In
108-132Sn
116-146Xe
118-146Cs
132-150Nd
138-154Sm
138-159Eu
146-165Dy
151-165Ho
150-167Er153-172Tm
153-176Yb
178-198Pt
183-197Au
181-206Hg
185-214Pb
202-213Bi
207-228Fr
208-232Ra
2
8
187-208Tl
202-225Rn
32-40,46Ar
11Be
17-28Ne
182-193Ir
240-244Am
227Ac232Th
235-238U
237Np
238-244Pu
249Cf249Bk
254Es
248Cm
68-70Cu 5044,45Ti
28
50
147-159Tb
120-148Ba
255Fm
146-160Gd
87-102Zr
6He
… all elements available from S3
to DESIR
Identification station
to CIME
RFQ-HRS
m/m = 20000
Optical studies for double HRS are under way: aim is m/m = 20000 for 2mm mrad
to DESIR
Identification station
to CIME
RFQ-HRS
Teresa Kurtukian Nieto, CENBG
Length = 70 cm
Radius = 3mm
Florian Duval, Gilles Ban, Dave Lunney
0 20 40 60 80-300
-250
-200
-150
-100
-50
0
50
Deriva
ted in
tensi
ty
V4 (V)
40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52-300
-250
-200
-150
-100
-50
0
50
Der
ivat
ed in
tens
ity
V4 (V)
0 20 40 60 80-20
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
Nor
mal
ized
inte
nsity
(%
)
V4 (V)
• Gas : Helium at 10-2 mbar
• ΔE ≈ 0.18eV (before re-acceleration)
-8 -6 -4 -2 0 2 4 6 8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
Div
erg
ence
(m
rad)
Position (mm)
0
248,8
497,5
746,3
995,0
1244
1493
1741
1990
-8 -6 -4 -2 0 2 4 6 8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
Div
erge
nce
(mra
d)
Position (mm)
0
1008
2015
3023
4030
5038
6045
7053
8060
Without gas : 12 π.mm.mrad Helium at 10-2mbar : 4.75 π.mm.mrad
• 4.75 π.mm.mrad @ 3keV → ≈ 1 π.mm.mrad @ 60keV • Still under investigation :
– RF heating – Residual gas effect outside the RFQ section– Charge-exchange process
Laserroom
(mezzanine)
Meetingroom
(on top of DAQ)
Kitchen
+ WC(on top of CR)
MLL trap
Collinea
r Las
er
spec
trosc
opy
-NM
R
RFQbun-cher
+
Decay
set
up
Paultrap
General
purpose
SAS
ElectronicsDeskAccess5 m
Beam fromLevel -1
TAS
Neutronditch
Crane access to basement
Double M
OT
Gener
al
purpose
IS
Identification station with
tape
LN2
Gas &
w
aste sto
rage
LUMIERE BESTIOL
DA
Qro
om
Co
ntro
lro
om
off-linesource2
off-linesource1
Supply
Electri-city
Gray Room 2
Gray Room 1
AssemblyRoom 3
ControlRacks
Interfaces
HV
supplies
Crane access to basement
Stor- age 1
Assembly Room 2
Assembly Room 1
Stor- age 2
Radiolab
5 m
storage
Limits of DESIR hall
free
Bea
m f
rom
P
rod
uct
ion
bu
ild
ing
, S
3 an
d S
PIR
AL
1
Workshop
X
Identificationand radioprotectionmeasurements
Neutronditch
• RFQ SHIRAC: Gilles Ban• HRS: Bertram Blank• DESIR building: Franck Delalee• General purpose ion buncher GPIB + stable ion sources: Pierre Delahaye• Identification station: Philippe Dessagne
• Beam transport lines: Francois Le Blanc
• Safety and security: Jean-Charles Thomas
• Command / Control, diagnostics: Stéphane Grévy
• submitted on December 19, 2008
• presented to SPIRAL2 SAC on January 29, 2009
• strongly supported by SPIRAL2 SAC….
• about 100 pages of technical description of DESIR facility
and its equipment
• co-signed by 111 physicists and engineers of 15 countries
• contains a general description of buildings and interfaces
• description of major installations like traps, spectroscopy
setups etc
• report available on DESIR web page (www.cenbg.in2p3.fr/desir)
• Collinear Laser spectroscopy: - spins - magnetic moments - quadrupole moments - change of charge radii
• -NMR spectroscopy: - nuclear gyromagnetic factor - quadrupole moment
N=50, N=64, N=82, …
• Microwave double resonance in a Paul trap: - hyperfine anomaly and higher order momenta (octupole and hexadecapole deformation)
Eu, Cs, Au, Rn, Fr, Ra, Am ….
LUMIERELUMIERELLaser aser Utilisation for tilisation for MMeasurement andeasurement and
IIonization of onization of EExotic xotic RRadioactive adioactive EElementslements
F. Le Blanc ,OrsayF. Le Blanc ,OrsayG. Neyens, LeuvenG. Neyens, LeuvenP. Campbell, ManchesterP. Campbell, Manchester
Atomic hyperfine structureAtomic hyperfine structure
Interaction between an orbital e- (J) and the atomic nucleus (I,I,QS)
results in a hyperfine splitting (HFS) of the e- energy levels
J
n
FEHFS
1)J(J1)I(I1)F(FK with
I.J(0)Hμ eIA Hyperfine structure constants: and (0)Ve zzSQB
1)I.J1)(2J2(2I
1)1)J(JI(I1)K(K43
..K2
ΔEHFS
BA
Collinear laser spectroscopy: / ~ 10-2, QS/QS ~ 10-1 for heavy elements
Isotope shift measurementsIsotope shift measurements
Frequency shift between atomic transitions in different isotopes of the same chemical element
related to the mass and size differences
A'A,2SMSNMS
A' A, rF.A.A'
A)(A').K(K
J1, F1
J2, F2
J1, F1
J2, F2
A,A’
mean square charge radius variations with a precision ~ 10-3
study of nuclei shape (deformation)
)21
1)(m)(.(3cos1)4I(2I
Q3h.Lh.ΔE 2
1-mm,
θ
-NMR spectroscopy-NMR spectroscopy
h
.B.L
0N Ig
-asymmetry in the decay of polarized nuclei in a magnetic field
Zeeman splitting related to gI and QS
I
M+I
M-I
resonant destruction of the polarization (i.e. -asymmetry) by means of an additional RF magnetic field
h
.V. ZZQ
SQewith and
B0
gI/gI ~ 10-3, QS/QS ~ 10-2
complementary technique to collinear laser spectroscopy
suitable for light elements (low QS values)
• Decay studies with halo nuclei
• Clustering studies in light nuclei
• -delayed charged-particle emission: e.g. proton-proton correlation
• Super-allowed decays and the standard model of electro-weak interaction
• Deformation and Gamow-Teller distribution
• 2n correlations, Pn and nuclear structure (r-process)
• ...
BESTIOLBESTIOLBEBEta decay STSTudies at the SPIRAL2 IIsOLOL facility
TETRA, Y. Penionzhkevich (Dubna)TAS, J.L. Tain (Valencia) setup, B. Blank (Bordeaux)
M.J.G. Borge, MadridM.J.G. Borge, Madrid
• within the SM
x : Fermi fraction; : GT/F mixing ratio
• beyond the SM
contains quadratic S and T contributions
• angular correlation
requires to measure the recoil ion + particle
Search for exotic interactionsSearch for exotic interactions
O. Naviliat-Cuncic et al., LPC CaenO. Naviliat-Cuncic et al., LPC Caen
e+
e
nucleus
Vud
0+0+ = 0.97425(22)
VusK = 0.2254(21)
VubB = 0.00367(47)
= 3072.08 (79) s
2 2 2 2 = + + 0.9967(13= )ui ud us ubi
V V V V 0.99995(61)
CVC, CKM, exotic currents: 0+ CVC, CKM, exotic currents: 0+ 0+ 0+ decaysdecays
Measurements: - Q value - T1/2 - branching ratios
J.C. Hardy et al.
Study of GT strength via Study of GT strength via -delayed proton decay: -delayed proton decay: 2121MgMgC
oun
ts
Energy (keV)
Experiment Theory21Mg
J.C. Thomas
Mirror symmetry studiesMirror symmetry studies
= 4.8 (4) %
+ : p → n + e+ +
E.C. : p + e- → n +
n p
ft+
Average asymmetry :
11 (1) % in the 1p shell (A<17)
0 (1) % in the (2s,1d) shell (17<A<40)
Allowed Gamow-Teller transitions (log(ft)<6)
17 couples of nuclei
46 mirror transitions
- : n → p + e- +
n p
ft-
1
ft
ft
= nuc + SCC
J.C. Thomas et al. (GANIL/CENBG)
MLLTRAPMLLTRAP
• High-accuracy mass measurements - unitarity of CKM matrix (Vud): 50Mn, 54Co with M/M~10-10
- transuranium isotopes (beams from S3): M(Z>102) • In-trap spectroscopy: - conversion electron and spectroscopy: shape coexistence • Trap-assisted spectroscopy - decay studies of isomerically pure radioactive species
P. Thirolf , MunichP. Thirolf , Munich
Set-up being installed at
MLL/Garching
Physics case and Physics case and possible key experimentspossible key experiments
High-accuracy mass measurements - unitarity of CKM matrix (Vud ): superallowed emitter measure e.g. 50Mn,54Co with m/m~10-10
- mass measurements of transuranium isotopes (beams from S3): m(Z>102)
- precision studies on fundamental constants: e.g. molar Planck constant NA.h
mass difference measurement + capture ’s (from ILL)
In-trap spectroscopy: exploit carrier-free sample in trap for ultimate resolution: - conversion electron and spectroscopy: E0 decays (> shape coexistence) - ‘shake-off‘ electrons from and conversion decay in heavy isotopes: 2+ lifetimes, quadrupole moments of heavy nuclei
Trap-assisted spectroscopy tape station behind Penning trap - decay studies of isomerically pure radioactive species
KVI atomic trapping facilityKVI atomic trapping facility
• New limits on scalar and tensor contributions in the weak interaction
• New limits on time-reversal violation in beta decay
• Systematic of atomic parity non-conservation in a long isotopic chain
H. Wilschut, GroningenH. Wilschut, Groningen
Experimental set-up at KVI
with polarization
correlation: MOT + RIMS + detector
TOF E//
X,Y E
MeV
detector
MCP
-V0 +V00
SM
Not SM
start
Without polarization
DESIR: 29 weeks of RIB/year: 10 weeks of RIB from SPIRAL2, 4 weeks from S3, 15 weeks from SPIRAL1 DESIR: 29 weeks of RIB/year: 10 weeks of RIB from SPIRAL2, 4 weeks from S3, 15 weeks from SPIRAL1
Standard planning; one production caveStandard planning; one production cave
SAFETY REQUIREMENTS
DESIR building + beam lines to DESIR : green zones on and off operation
-> controlled accesses-> activity confinement and monitoring (external exposure dose rate +
inhalation risks)-> limited impact on the environment
-> impact evaluation prior to experiments-> technical solutions to limit the risks
The Dose rate issue (DeD)
working area: DeD < 7.5 µSv/h < 2 mSv/year/worker
temporary working area (< 10 min): DeD < 100 µSv/h
RIB from S1: (108 pps 19Ne)-> definitely an issue but: short lifetime and temporary shielding can be mounted (30 cm air + 30 cm concrete)
RIB from S2: can be an issue if long-lived and produced at high yields + contaminants
RIB from S3: I < 106 pps, N~Z nuclei : can be an issue depending on the selectivity
Accidental activity release (inhalation risks)
Example of 131I: T1/2 = 8.02 d
LPCA = 400 Bq/m3 assuming a 100 % release at room temperature
-> Considering a release volume of 10*10*5 m3 = 500 m3, A(131I)MAX = 2.E+05 Bq i.e. A(131I)MAX = 2.4E+06 pps for 1 day of implantation
For any RIB presenting inhalation risks: induced LPCA in Bq/m3 associated with a dose limitation (20 mSv for 2000 h and 1.2 m3/h inhalation)
DESIR safety requirement : released activity < 1 LPCA (at any time -> cooling to be considered)
132Sn only
In target yield (10In target yield (101414 f/s) f/s)7.7 107.7 101111 to 7.9 10 to 7.9 101111
V = 500 m3
Collection time
IMAX (pps) for 1 LPCA
Cooling time to reach
0.01 LPCA
1 d 8.5E+06 22 d
LPCA evolution
1.E-03
1.E-02
1.E-01
1.E+00
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50
Collection and cooling time (day)
LP
CA
Coll. 1h
Coll. 8h
Coll. 16h
Coll. 1j
Coll. 3j
Coll. 7j
Coll 15j
Activity evolution
1.E+02
1.E+03
1.E+04
1.E+05
1.E+06
1.E+07
1.E+08
1.E+09
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Collection and cooling time (day)
Ac
tiv
ity
(B
q)
Coll. 1h
Coll. 8h
Coll. 16h
Coll. 1j
Coll. 3j
Coll. 7j
Coll. 15j
Beam intensity limitation ~10Beam intensity limitation ~1055
Phase I
Phase II
• RFQ: on-going tests, study of “nuclearisation”, study of final version of RFQ
• HRS: detailed optical study of new ALPHA version, detailed mechanical study
• beam lines: preliminary design, cost estimate, detailed design study
• stable ion sources: definition, purchase
• GPIB: study and construction
• Identification station: preliminary design, detailed design, construction
• DESIR building: like SPIRAL2 Phase 2 construction program….
decision about construction at latest mid 2010
• ……