ce- 451 design of hydraulic structures · 2014. 2. 9. · course objectives. the main objective ......

CE-451 Design of Hydraulic Structures, Prof. A. S. Alghamdi ١ Spring, 2014

Textbook: Hydraulic Structures, by Novak et. al, 2007 References: Handouts

CE- 451 Design of Hydraulic Structures Spring 2014 (1434/1435H)

Instructor: Prof. Abdullah S. Alghamdi .S.T: 11:00-12:20 am

Spring, 2014 CE-٤٥١ Design of Hydraulic

Structures, Prof. A. S. Alghamdi ٢


Structures, Prof. A. S. Alghamdi ٣

Course Objectives

The main objective of this course is to introduce the students to different hydraulic structures, by the end of the course, the students are exp3ected to be able to:

1. Analyze and design different dams and select the proper dam for any practical problem he may encounter in his professional life.

2. Analyze and design different spillways. 3. Design and supervise the construction of conveyance

structures. 4. Design various protection structures. 5. Design of various energy dissipation structures.


Structures, Prof. A. S. Alghamdi ٤

Functional Classifications of HS

I. Storage Structures: For the storage of Water or other fluids

under hydrostatic conditions, e.g. 1. Dams and reservoirs 2. Tanks (open and closed)


Structures, Prof. A. S. Alghamdi ٥

II. Conveyance Structures: For guiding and controlling the flow of fluids

from one location to another, such as: 1. Close conduits, including pipelines,

tunnels, penstocks, siphon, draft tubes…etc.

2. Open conduits: a. Ordinary Velocity: Canals, flumes,

sewers…etc b. High velocity: spillways, chutes.


Structures, Prof. A. S. Alghamdi ٦

III. Energy Dissipation Structures

For prevention of erosion and structural damages due to high fluid energy

1. Storage tanks and chambers: developed the pressure energy developed in conduits due to valve or gate closure.

2. Stilling basins: dissipate kinetic energy of shooting flows through a stabilized hydraulic jump (usually located d/s of dams).

3. Spillway bucket end spillway. 4. Check dams: a series of small dams in steep channel to

reduce hydraulic slope.


Structures, Prof. A. S. Alghamdi ٧

IV. Flow Measurement & Control Structures

For Determining discharge through conduits: 1. Closed conduits: Orifices, nozzles, venture

meter, elbow meter, pitot tube.. Etc. 2. Open conduits: weirs. Venturi flumes, Parshal

flume.. etc. 3. Gates and valves. 4. Turnouts and wasteways: to divert surplus

flow in the conduit.


Structures, Prof. A. S. Alghamdi ٨

V. Sediment and Chemical Control Structures

• For the removal of chemicals and sediments: 1. Sedimentation tanks: for silt removal 2. Traps: for trapping and removing sand 3. Racks and screens placed at entrance to conduits to

prevent admission of large particles 4. Sluiceway: to flush the entrapped sediments. 5. Mixing basins: for mixing chemicals and additives to

flow 6. Filtration beds: for removal of fine materials


Structures, Prof. A. S. Alghamdi ٩

VI. Collection or Diffusion Structures

1. Intake structures: for controlling admission of water to conduits

2. Infiltration galleries: for collection and conveyance of ground water.

3. Surface drainage inlets for collection of surface runoff to storm sewers

4. Perforated irrigation and drainage pipes 5. Wells: for extraction of GW

a. Artesian b. Pumped.


Structures, Prof. A. S. Alghamdi ١٠

VII. Waterway Stabilizing Structures

• For the protection of shores and banks 1. levees 2. Cutoffs 3. Navigation locks and dams 4. Breakwater for stabilizing harbors and

coastal areas. 5. Seawall for prevention of beach erosion and

coastal flood


Structures, Prof. A. S. Alghamdi ١١

VIII Hydrofoil Structures

•For providing hydrodynamically efficient flow around structures 1. Stationary structures: e. g. Piers, flow

meters, sediment meters 2. Moving Structures: e. g. Ships,

submarines, underwater missiles, barges.


Structures, Prof. A. S. Alghamdi ١٢

IX. Energy Conversion Structures

1. Pumps: to convert mechanical energy into hydraulic energy.

2. Turbines: to convert hydraulic energy into mechanical energy.

3. Rams: to convert high flow, low head into high head, low flow.

ce- 451 design of hydraulic structures · 2014. 2. 9. · course objectives. the main objective ......

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