CE 303: Introduction to Construction

Blueprint Lab

ObjectivesObjectives

How to read Foundation PlansHow to read Foundation Plans Commercial Framing IllustrationsCommercial Framing Illustrations Reinforced ConcreteReinforced Concrete Residential Framing IllustrationsResidential Framing Illustrations Dimensioning Dimensioning Plumbing PlansPlumbing Plans HVAC PlansHVAC Plans Electrical Plans/Wiring DiagramsElectrical Plans/Wiring Diagrams Masonry SymbolsMasonry Symbols Welding SymbolsWelding Symbols

Foundation PlansFoundation Plans

Details of construction for the footings Details of construction for the footings and foundation wallsand foundation walls

Footings and walls must be very Footings and walls must be very carefully laid out, as the rest of the carefully laid out, as the rest of the building relies on their accuracybuilding relies on their accuracy

Slab-on-grade is a concrete slab Slab-on-grade is a concrete slab poured directly on the subgrade poured directly on the subgrade (basement floors, main floors, garage (basement floors, main floors, garage floors, etc..)floors, etc..)

column footings

columncenterline

T/F 96’-6”

A

reinforcingsteel

sometimes dashedsometimes solid

T/F = Top of Footing Elevation

Foundation WallFoundation Walland Footingand Footing

Plan View

Section View

Footer

Slab-on-Grade - Slab-on-Grade - Plan ViewPlan View

saw cut pattern

no joints

Commercial Commercial FramingFraming

Framework constructed of structural steel Framework constructed of structural steel and/or reinforced concrete.and/or reinforced concrete.

Framework is designed to transfer loads to Framework is designed to transfer loads to columns of steel, thus eliminating the columns of steel, thus eliminating the need for load bearing walls.need for load bearing walls.

Two types of floor and roof framing Two types of floor and roof framing systems.systems.• One-way floor system (Girders run parallel to One-way floor system (Girders run parallel to

each other)each other)• Two-way floor system (Beams and girders run Two-way floor system (Beams and girders run

in both directions)in both directions)

Commercial Commercial Framing (con’t)Framing (con’t)

Steel Beam and Column DesignationsSteel Beam and Column Designations• W20x48W20x48

Standard Wide Flange (W) ShapeStandard Wide Flange (W) Shape 20” nominal depth20” nominal depth 48 lbs. per linear foot48 lbs. per linear foot

Reinforced ConcreteReinforced Concretefloor systems - one wayfloor systems - one way

Girder (resting on column)

Concrete beam

Reinforced ConcreteReinforced Concretefloor systems - two way wafflefloor systems - two way waffle

Waffle Pan or dome system

Commercial Commercial Framing (con’t)Framing (con’t)

Open web joists are used in Open web joists are used in commercial and industrial commercial and industrial construction.construction.• Support loads more efficiently than Support loads more efficiently than

beams and are more economical.beams and are more economical. Designation:Designation:

• 60DLH1560DLH15 D: Deep; L: Long-span; H: High StrengthD: Deep; L: Long-span; H: High Strength 60: 60” depth; 15: indicates range of span 60: 60” depth; 15: indicates range of span

from 70’ to 120’, from a load table.from 70’ to 120’, from a load table.

Residential Residential FramingFraming

Similar to commercial framingSimilar to commercial framing• Beams and joists used to support floorsBeams and joists used to support floors

Wood members used instead of Wood members used instead of structural steel and concrete.structural steel and concrete.

More members used in residential More members used in residential frames (weaker material and no frames (weaker material and no large columns.)large columns.)

Weight of floor supported by wall Weight of floor supported by wall instead of columns.instead of columns.

Wood FramingWood Framing

widely-used, widely-knownwidely-used, widely-known affordableaffordable durabledurable dependabledependable flexible construction methodsflexible construction methods

DimensioningDimensioningfor exterior walls for exterior walls

• given to outside of studgiven to outside of studfor interiorfor interior

• given to edge of stud orgiven to edge of stud or• centerline of studcenterline of stud

check drawing carefully to verify the check drawing carefully to verify the dimensioning practice followed for any dimensioning practice followed for any

given set of plansgiven set of plans

Plumbing SymbolsPlumbing Symbols

Plumbing InformationPlumbing Information

shown on architectural floor plan

HVAC SystemsHVAC Systems heatingheating ventilatingventilating air-conditioningair-conditioning produces the movement of air produces the movement of air

within a buildingwithin a building involves controlling airinvolves controlling air

• temperaturetemperature• humidityhumidity• cleanlinesscleanliness

HVAC SymbolsHVAC Symbols

HV

AC

Pla

nH

VA

C P

lan

Electrical Symbols

Electrical PrintsElectrical Prints

Electrical PrintsElectrical Prints

Wiring Wiring DiagramsDiagrams

wiring detailswiring details correspond to a correspond to a

specific piece of specific piece of equipmentequipment• power sourcespower sources• sensorssensors• gaugesgauges• other equipmentother equipment

panel schedulespanel schedules lighting scheduleslighting schedules equipment schedulesequipment schedules on-line diagramson-line diagrams

Various Joints in Various Joints in Concrete Concrete

ConstructionConstruction

Welding SymbolWelding Symbol

basic symbol

Welding SymbolsWelding Symbols

Location of WeldLocation of Weld

means all-around