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CDM 项目设计The CDM project design

中国 CDM 能力建设项目培训讲义Training Material

Building Capacity for the CDM in China

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CDM 项目流程： The CDM Project Cycle

设计审定 /注册监测

核查 /认证签发 CERs

PP ： 项目参与方DOE ：指定经营实体EB ： 执行理事会CER ： 经核证的减排

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项目参与者： Project participants

项目参与者或是指一参与 CDM项目活动的缔约方，或指经某缔约方批准在该缔约方负责之下参与 CDM项目活动的私营和 /或公共实体。In accordance with the use of the term project participant in the CDM modalities and procedures, a project participant is either a Party involved or, in accordance with paragraph 33 of the CDM modalities and procedures, a private and/or public entity authorized by a Party to participate, under the Party’s responsibility, in CDM project activities.

项目参与者是指就如何分配所考虑的项目活动产生的 CERs 作出决定的缔约方或私营和 /或公共实体。Project participants are Parties or private and/or public entities that take decisions on the allocation of CERs from the project activity under consideration.

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项目设计文件：第二版 , 2004 年 7 月 1 日：Project Design Document ： version 02, July 1, 2004

A. 项目活动的一般性说明B. 基准方法学C. 项目活动的起始与期限 / 减排额计入

期D. 监测方法学和计划E. 温室气体排放计算F. 环境影响G. 利害相关方的评价附 件• 附件 1 ：项目活动参与方的信息• 附件 2 ：政府官方提供资金的信息• 附件 3 ：新基准线方法学• 附件 4 ：新监测方法学• 附件 5 ：表格：基准线数据

A. General description of project activityB. Baseline methodologyC. Starting date and duration of the project

activity/Crediting period D. Monitoring methodology and planE. Calculations of GHG emissions F. Environmental impactsG. Stakeholder Comments

Annexes Annex 1: Information on participants in

the project activity Annex 2: Information regarding public

funding Annex 3: New baseline methodology Annex 4: New monitoring methodology Annex 5: Table: Baseline data

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基本原则： General principles

1. 完整性： Completeness2. 精确性： Accuracy3. 可比性： Comparability4. 透明性： Transparency

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完整性： Completeness

涡轮机、加热过程、锅炉等 Turbines, process heaters, boilers etc.

燃烧 Flaring 溢散排放 Fugitive emissions 焚化 Incinerators 化学反应的挥发 Chemical process vents 运输 Transport 能源输入 / 输出 Imported/exported energy

充分考虑并报告在确定范围内所有温室气体排放的源及活动，并对任何排除在外的情况予以说明。Account for and report on all GHG emission sources and activities within the chosen project boundary. Disclose and justify any specific exclusions.

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精确性： Accuracy

精确性问题可分为： Accuracy can be classified into: 误差 Errors:

计算误差 （不正确的因子、假设）Calculation errors (inappropriate factors, assumptions etc)

在确定基准或排放时缺乏透明性： Lack of clarity within the methods for determining GHG emissions or baselines

数据管理的弱点（如人工转记误差）： Data management weaknesses e.g. manual transposition errors

不确定性 Uncertainties: 技术限制： Technological limitations 缺少数据来源： Lack of source data

所有通过计量、计算、估算的温室气体在纪录、运算、汇总和报告的过程中力求正确。Accuracy means that (e.g.) the GHG data is recorded (through measurement, calculation, estimation), processed, reported and aggregated accurately.

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透明性： Transparency

所有的假设应清楚地说明All assumptions are clearly stated

所有背景资料引用应清楚All background material is clearly referenced

使用方法及选择原理应予解释The rationale for selection and use of methodologies, as well as the use of such are clearly explained

对讨论的问题应有一个清楚地结论There is a clear conclusion or decision from all presented discussions

所有使用的公式应予规定All formulas used for calculations are stated

所有的计算应是具体的All calculations are incorporated or referenced

保密信息应清楚识别Confidential information is clearly identified

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良好的项目设计实践： Good Practice for project design

确定职责Define

Responsi-bilities

识别排放源Identify GHG

Emission Sources（基准与项目）

(Baseline and project)

确定计算方法Determine GHG

Calculation Methods（基准与项目）

(Baseline and project)

计算排放量Calculate Emissions

汇总 / 总排放整理Collation/

Aggregation of Total

Emissions

保持文件体系Maintain

Supporting Documen-

tation

汇整 PDD 或监测报告Finalise PDD or monitoring

Reports

评审并改进报告Review and improve the

report

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PDD A 项：项目活动的一般性说明PDD SECTION A: General description of project activity

A.1 项目活动名称： Title of the project activity: A.2. 项目活动描述： Description of the project activity:A.3. 项目参与方： Project participants:A.4. 项目活动的技术说明： Technical description of the project activity:

A.4.1. 项目活动的地点： Location of the project activity:A.4.2. 项目活动类别： Category(ies) of project activity:A.4.3. 项目活动将采用的技术： Technology to be employed by the project activity: A.4.4. 简要解释拟议的清洁发展机制项目活动将如何减少人为温室气体源的人为排放

量（包括说明为什么当没有拟议的项目活动时就不会发生相应的减排量，要考虑到国家和 / 或部门政策和实情）：

Brief explanation of how the anthropogenic emissions of anthropogenic greenhouse gas (GHGs) by sources are to be reduced by the proposed CDM project activity, including why the emission reductions would not occur in the absence of the proposed project activity, taking into account national and/or sectoral policies and circumstances:

A.4.5. 项目活动的政府官方融资： Public funding of the project activity:

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PDD B 项：适用的基准线方法PDD SECTION B: Application of a baseline methodology

B.1. 应用于该项目活动的方法学名称和参考文献：Title and reference of the approved baseline methodology applied to the project activity: B.1.1. 选择该方法学的理由和为什么它可适用于该项目活动 Justification of the choice of the methodology and why it is applicable to the project activity:

B.2. 说明该方法学如何应用于该项目活动：Description of how the methodology is applied in the context of the project activity:

B.3. 说明各种温室气体源的人为排放量如何减少到低于没有该已登记的 CDM 项目活动时所出现的排放水平 Description of how the anthropogenic emissions of GHG by sources are reduced below those that would have occurred in the absence of the registered CDM project activity:

B.4. 说明与选用的基准线方法学相关的项目边界定义如何应用于该项目活动：Description of how the definition of the project boundary related to the baseline methodology selected is applied to the project activity:

B.5. 基准线确定的详细说明， 包括基准线研究完成日期与人员 / 机构名称Details of baseline information, including the date of completion of the baseline study and the name of person (s)/entity (ies) determining the baseline:

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PDD C 项：项目活动期限 / 减排额计入期 PDD SECTION C: Duration of the project activity / Crediting period

C.1 项目活动期限： Duration of the project activity:

C.2 排额计入期的选择和相关信息 Choice of the crediting period and related information: C.2.1. 可更新的计入期 ( 最长每一期七 (7) 年 )Renewable crediting periodC.2.2. 固定的计入期 ( 最长十 (10) 年 )Fixed crediting period:

绿色领域的项目一般会选择 7年、更新 2 期的计入期，棕色领域的项目一般会选择 10年固定计入期Experience: “Greenfield” projects often select the option of seven years and 2 renewal periods, “brown field” projects often select a 10 years fixed crediting period.

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PDD D 项：适用的监测方法和计划 PDD SECTION D. Application of a monitoring methodology and plan

D.1. 应用于该项目活动的经核准的方法学名称和参考文献：Name and reference of approved monitoring methodology applied to the project activity:

D.2. 选择该方法学的理由和为什么它可应用于该项目活动Justification of the choice of the methodology and why it is applicable to the project activity:

D.2. 1. 选择 1 ：监测项目和基准情景的排放Option 1: Monitoring of the emissions in the project scenario and the baseline scenario D. 2.2. 选择 2 ：直接监测项目的减排量Option 2: Direct monitoring of emission reductions from the project activity D.2.3. 监测计划中泄漏的设备 Treatment of leakage in the monitoring plan D.2.4. 说明用于估算项目减排的公式Description of formulae used to estimate emission reductions for the project activity

D.3. 实施监测数据的质量控制和保证程序 Quality control (QC) and quality assurance (QA) procedures are being undertaken for data monitored

D.4. 说明项目实施单位为监测项目减排及泄漏运行和管理结构Please describe the operational and management structure that the project operator will implement in order to

monitor emission reductions and any leakage effects, generated by the project activity

D.5. 确定监测方法人员 / 机构的信息Name of person/entity determining the monitoring methodology:

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PDD E 项：计算各种温室气体源的排放量PDD SECTION E: Estimation of GHG emissions by sources

E.1. 说明温室气体源的排放量： Estimate of GHG emissions by sources:

E.2. 预期的泄漏：Estimated leakage:

E.3. E.1 和 E.2之和表示该项目活动的排放量：The sum of E.1 and E.2 representing the project activity emissions:

E.4. 说明温室气体源的人为排放量的基准Estimated anthropogenic emissions by sources of greenhouse gases of the baseline:

E.5. E.4 和 E.3之差表示该项目活动的减排量：Difference between E.4 and E.3 representing the emission reductions of the project activity

E.6. 列出应用上述公式时得到的数值的表格：Table providing values obtained when applying formulae above

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项目边界与泄漏： Project Boundaries and Leakage

项目边界： Project boundary 项目边界项目边界应包括在项目参与者控制范围内的、数量可观并可合理归因于清洁发展机制项目活动的所有温室气体 (GHG)源人为排放量。The project boundary shall encompass all anthropogenic emissions by sources of greenhouse gases (GHG) under the control of the project participants that are significant and reasonably attributable to the CDM project activity.

泄漏定义： Leakage: 为项目边界之外出现的并且是可测量的和可归因于清洁发展机制项目活动

的温室气体 (GHG) 源人为排放量的净变化。Leakage is defined as the net change of anthropogenic emissions by sources of greenhouse gases (GHG) which occurs outside the project boundary, and which is measurable and attributable to the CDM project activity.

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泄漏： Leakage

确保所有由于项目产生的排放都应予以考虑。泄漏可能是负面的也可能是正面的。对正面的泄漏可以根据保守的原则予以忽略，而对负面的泄漏影响则必须考虑。Ensure that all emissions that are affected by the project are taken into account. Leakage might be positive or negative. When/if identified, positive leakage may not be accounted for in order to be conservative in ER estimation. Negative leakage effects should always be accounted for unless explicitly stated otherwise in the methodology.

例如： Examples: 生物质的运输： Transport of biomass 生物质的缺乏导致石化燃料消费： Scarcity of biomass forces

increase in fossil fuel consumption

与施工有关的排放： Construction related emissions

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温室气体排放源： GHG emissions by sources

直接现场排放Direct on-site emissions

直接非现场排放Direct off-site emissions

非直接现场排放Indirect on-site emissions

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PDD F 项：环境影响PDD SECTION F: Environmental impacts

F.1. 关于提供环境影响分析，包括越界影响 的文件说明Documentation on the analysis of the environmental impacts, including

transboundary impacts. F.2. 如果项目参与方或东道缔约方认为影响很大：请提供结论以及按照东道缔约方要求的程序已完成的环境影响评估支持文件的所有参考来源。

If environmental impacts are considered significant by the project participants or the host Party, please provide conclusions and all references to support documentation of an environmental impact assessment and measures undertaken to mitigate the impacts

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PDD G 项：（地方）利益相关各方的评价 PDD SECTION G: (Local) Stakeholder comments

G.1. 简要说明如何请地方利益相关各方作评价以及如何汇编这些评价的程序：

Brief description how comments by local stakeholders have been invited and compiled

G.2. 所收到评价的总结：Summary of the comments received

G.3. 对所收到的评价如何给予相应考虑的报告Report on how due account was taken of any comments received

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网路信息来源： information web link

http://cdm.unfccc.int/http://cdm.unfccc.int/EB/ProjectsForRegistrationhttp://www.ieta.org/VVM/VVM_4.htm