CD Audio, CD ROM And

EXTENDED ARCHITECTURE

Prakash Tyata690331

01

• Compact Disc Digital Audio (CD-DA) is the standard format for audio compact discs

• The standard is defined in the Red Book

• The Red Book specifies the physical parameters and properties of the CD

02CD DIGITAL AUDIO

All audio CD's have three defined areas

• The Lead-In Area • The Program Area• The Lead-Out Area 

03CD DIGITAL AUDIO

The Lead-In Area  • contains the Table Of Content• occupies first area on a CD• the innermost 0.4 millimeter's of

the disc•  list of all the Track ID positions

(start times) of all the audio tracks on the disc

04CD DIGITAL AUDIO

The Program Area• contains all the actual audio• Maximum playing time is 79:57

minutes , this was originally 74 minutes

• Maximum number of tracks is 99• Maximum number of index points

is 98

05CD DIGITAL AUDIO

The Lead-Out Area • simply marks the end of the

Program Area

06CD DIGITAL AUDIO

07CD DIGITAL AUDIO

Characteristics• Audio rate is 172.3 KBps• Storage capacity of CD-DA is 747

MB

08CD DIGITAL AUDIO

Eight-to-Fourteen Modulation• modifies binary code data and

allows 17 bits of data space to be used to encode 8 bits of data

• 8-bit block of data is replaced by a 14-bit code word using a lookup table

•  requires more space for data

9CD DIGITAL AUDIO

Eight-to-Fourteen Modulation(cont)

• assures that imperfections and foreign material do not cause critical data to be missed 

• involves two extra zeros placed between two consecutive ones

• Ten consecutive zeros are the maximum allowed between consecutive zeros

10CD DIGITAL AUDIO

Errors in CD-DA• Scratches• Dust• Fingerprints• Burst errors:

When more than a single bit of data unit gets corrupted it is known as Burst error

11CD DIGITAL AUDIO

Errors Handling• Two-level Reed-Solomon Code with

frame interleaving • First level: byte level, Error Detection Code

and Error Correction Code• Second level: Frame interleaving

• Cross-Interleaved Reed-Solomon Coding

12CD DIGITAL AUDIO

• Stands for "Compact Disc Read-Only Memory

• cannot be altered or erased the data but can read many times

13CD ROM

• Yellow Book CD-ROM Standard divided CD-ROM into two part• CD-ROM Mode 1• CD-ROM Mode 2

14CD ROM

CD-ROM MODE 1• usually used for computer data • Each block consist of sync, header, user

data, Error Detection Code, blank, and Error Correction code

• its capacity is 660MB• Data transfer rate is 150 KBps• 304 bytes reserved for error-detection and

correction.

15CD ROM

CD-ROM MODE 2• usually used for compress audio, video or

picture• Each block consist of sync, header, user

data • its capacity is 742 MB• Data transfer rate is 175 KBps

16CD ROM

• Based on CD-ROM mode 2 • compressed audio and video can be

retrieved concurrently• Two types of CD-ROM/XA

• CD-ROM/XA (Mode 2) Form 1• CD-ROM/XA (Mode 2) Form 2

17CD-ROM/XA

CD-ROM/XA mode 2 Form 1• Improved error handling for text and

program data• Each block consist of sync, header, sub-

header, user data, Error Detection Code and Error Correction Code

18CD-ROM/XA

CD-ROM/XA mode 2 Form 2• usually used for compress audio, video

or picture• Each block consist of sync, header, sub-

header, user data and Error Detection Code

19CD-ROM/XA

20CD DIGITAL AUDIO

THANK YOU !!!

ANY QUESTION ?