ccu.ei.jrc.it/ccu/ accessed from the web about 2000 times
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Jean-Philippe Putaud European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Institute for Environment and Sustainability. http://ccu.ei.jrc.it/ccu/ accessed from the web about 2000 times. Aim at fulfilling users’ needs Aerosols and Health: - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
EMEP Workshop, 20 Apr. 2004
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http://ccu.ei.jrc.it/ccu/accessed from the web about 2000 times
Jean-Philippe PutaudEuropean Commission, Joint Research Centre, Institute for Environment and Sustainability
EMEP Workshop, 20 Apr. 2004
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Aim at fulfilling users’ needs
Aerosols and Health:Which physical or chemical PM characteristic is responsible for health effects?
Aerosols and Climate:It is expected that negotiations beyond the Kyoto Protocol will have to consider also the role of aerosols.
Aerosol ModelingModels need testing and validation against fundamental data such as aerosol particle size distributions and chemical compositions.
EMEP Workshop, 20 Apr. 2004
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Compilation of data-sets including:
• PM chemical compositionORparticle number size distribution
• + independent measurement of PM mass concentration
Beyond the current EMEP monitoring program
Data collected mainly from other scientific projects
EMEP Workshop, 20 Apr. 2004
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natural rural near-city urban kerbside
34 sites
full year data set seasonal data set
EMEP Workshop, 20 Apr. 2004
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0
20
40
60
80
100
120
Jung
frauj
och
(CH
)
Sev
ettij
arvi
(FIN
)
Skr
eada
len
(N)
Birk
enes
(N)
Asp
vret
en (S
)
Cha
umon
t (C
H)
Mon
agre
ga (E
)
Illm
itz (A
)
Har
wel
l (G
B)
Hoh
enpe
isse
nber
g (D
)
Mel
pitz
(D)
Ispr
a (I)
Waa
smun
ster
(B)
Zuer
ich
(CH
)
Bas
el (C
H)
Lond
on-B
(GB
)
Leip
zig
97-9
9 (D
)
Gen
t (B
)
Bol
ogna
(I)
Bar
celo
na (E
)
Ber
n (C
H)
Lond
on-M
(GB
)
Wie
n (A
)
PM
2.5
(µg/
m³)
averagemedianUSA annual standard
PM
2.5
(µg/
m³)
What have we learned from 24 h-integrated measurements (1)
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
Jung
frauj
och
(CH
)
Sev
ettij
arvi
(FIN
)
Skr
eada
len
(N)
Birk
enes
(N)
Asp
vret
en (S
)
Cha
umon
t (C
H)
Mon
agre
ga (E
)
Illm
itz (A
)
Har
wel
l (G
B)
Hoh
enpe
isse
nber
g (D
)
Mel
pitz
(D)
Ispr
a (I)
Waa
smun
ster
(B)
Zuer
ich
(CH
)
Bas
el (C
H)
Lond
on-B
(GB
)
Leip
zig
97-9
9 (D
)
Gen
t (B
)
Bol
ogna
(I)
Bar
celo
na (E
)
Ber
n (C
H)
Lond
on-M
(GB
)
Wie
n (A
)
PM
10 (µ
g/m
³)
average
median
EU 24-hr limit value
2005 EU annual standard
2010 EU annual standard
PM
10 (µ
g/m
³)
natural rural near-city urban kerbside
EMEP Workshop, 20 Apr. 2004
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natural rural near-city urban kerbside
PM2.5/PM10 ratio increases with PM10 except at kerbside sites
What have we learned from 24 h-integrated measurements (2)
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Sev
ettij
arvi
(F
IN)
Skr
eada
len
(N)
Birk
enes
(N
)
Puy
de
Dom
e (F
)
Cha
umon
t (C
H)
Mon
agre
ga (
E)
Waa
smun
ster
(B
)
Mel
pitz
96-
99 (
G)
Ispr
a (I
)
Zue
rich
(CH
)
Bas
el (
CH
)
Gen
t (B
)
Bol
ogna
(I)
Bar
celo
na (
E)
Ber
n (C
H)
PM
2.5/
PM
10
PM10<20 µg/m³
20<PM10<50 µg/m³
PM10>50 µg/m³
averagePM
2.5
/ PM
10 ra
tio
EMEP Workshop, 20 Apr. 2004
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What have we learned from 24 h-integrated measurements (3)
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Sev
ettij
arvi
(FIN
)
Skr
eada
len
(N)
Birk
enes
(N)
Cha
umon
t (C
H)
Mon
agre
ga (E
)
Illm
itz (A
)
Waa
smun
ster
(B)
Mel
pitz
96-
99 (D
)
Ispr
a (I)
Zuer
ich
(CH
)
Bas
el (C
H)
Gen
t (B
)
Bol
ogna
(I)
Bar
celo
na (E
)
Ber
n (C
H)
Wie
n (A
)
PM
10 c
ompo
sitio
n
BCOMunacc.NO3NH4nssSO4sea saltmin. dust
PM
10 c
ompo
sitio
n
natural rural near-city urban kerbside
EMEP Workshop, 20 Apr. 2004
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natural and ruralbackground
PM10 near-city and urban grd average
NH47%
NO313%
unacc.30%
OM19%
BC5%
nssSO412%
sea salt4%
min. dust10%
PM10 natural & rural grd average
nssSO419%
NH46%NO3
7%
OM16%
unacc.28%
BC6%
min. dust10%
sea salt8%
PM10 kerbside grd average
NH44%
NO310%unacc.
19%
OM22%
BC13%
nssSO410%
sea salt3%
min. dust19%
PM
10near-city and urban
backgroundkerbside
PM2.5 near-city and urban grd average
NH410%
NO317%
unacc.17%
OM23%
BC7%
nssSO417%
sea salt3%
min. dust6%
PM2.5 kerbside grd average
NH47%
NO311%
unacc.15%
OM28%
BC17%
nssSO413%
sea salt1%
min. dust8%
PM2.5 natural & rural grd average
nssSO427%
NH48%NO3
5%
OM22%
unacc.20%
BC8%
min. dust5% sea salt
5%
PM
2.5
EMEP Workshop, 20 Apr. 2004
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How well do these data represent what is actually in the air(1) Organic Matter
• Possible sampling artifacts• OC / EC determination• Organic Carbon Organic Matter conversion
0
5
10
15
20
25
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8Sample #
µgC
/ m
³
Quartz from sampler (C,1)CIF from sampler (C,2)CIF from sampler (D)
µgC
/m³
0
5
10
15
20
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
µgC
/ m
³
0.00
0.25
0.50
0.75
1.00
ratio
Particulate OC (µgC/m³)positive artifact (µgC/m³)ratio
µgC
/m³
artifact / particulate OC
ratio
Ispra, Italy, 2000
EMEP Workshop, 20 Apr. 2004
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How well do these data represent what is actually in the air(2) (NH4)NO3
0
2
4
6
8
10
0 5 10 15 20
< 2020 - 25> 251:1 line
Whatman 41 (hno3 - corrected)NO3- from HNO3 corrected Whatman 41 (µg/m³)
NO
3- fro
m p
re-fi
red
Pal
lflex
Qua
rtz (µ
g/m
³)
Milano,Italy1998
EMEP Workshop, 20 Apr. 2004
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How well do these data represent what is actually in the air(3) water
y = 0.92xR2 = 0.99
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
PM2.5 @ 50% RH (µg/m³)
PM
2.5
@ 2
0% R
H (µ
g/m
³)
y = 0.92xR2 = 0.99
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
PM10 @ 50% RH (µg/m³)
PM
10 @
20%
RH
(µg
/m³)
Ispra, Italy, 2000
EMEP Workshop, 20 Apr. 2004
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How well do these data represent what is actually in the air(4) Elemental Carbon
0.00.10.20.30.40.50.60.70.80.91.01
b V
DI 1
/DM
F
10 T
OT
11 T
OT
10 T
OT
16 T
C/B
C
12 T
OT
3 b
VD
I2/D
MF
13 T
OR
1 V
DI 1
8 TM
S f
7 TM
S f
14 T
2S
3 V
DI 2
4 V
DI 2
3 b
VD
I2/D
MF
9 TL
T
6 V
DI 2
2 V
DI 1
15 T
2S
5 V
DI 2
sample 11 EC/TC
average
EC
/TC
EMEP Workshop, 20 Apr. 2004
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What have we learned from continuous measurementsof number size distribution
Near-City
Free Troposphere
X axis particle diameter between 0.001 and 1 micrometerY axis number concentration as dN/dlog(Dp) between 1.E+2 and 1.E+5 cm-3
morning trafficafternoonnight
Fig. 6a: summer
Natural Rural Urban Kerbside
1. E+02
1. E+03
1. E+04
1. E+05
0.001 0.01 0.1 1
Melpitz (D)
1. E+02
1. E+03
1. E+04
1. E+05
0.001 0.01 0.1 1
Aspvreten (S)
1. E+02
1. E+03
1. E+04
1. E+05
0.001 0.01 0.1 1
J ungfraujoch (CH)
1. E+02
1. E+03
1. E+04
1. E+05
0.001 0.01 0.1 1
Leipzig 99-01 (D)
1. E+02
1. E+03
1. E+04
1. E+05
0.001 0.01 0.1 1
Marylebone (GB)
1. E+02
1. E+03
1. E+04
1. E+05
0.001 0.01 0.1 1
Harw ell (GB)
1. E+02
1. E+03
1. E+04
1. E+05
0.001 0.01 0.1 1
Hohenpeissenberg (D)
1. E+02
1. E+03
1. E+04
1. E+05
0.001 0.01 0.1 1
Bloomsbury (GB)
1. E+02
1. E+03
1. E+04
1. E+05
0.001 0.01 0.1 1
Ispra (I)
1. E+02
1. E+03
1. E+04
1. E+05
0.001 0.01 0.1 1
Bresso (I)
EMEP Workshop, 20 Apr. 2004
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0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Jung
frauj
och
(CH
)
Asp
vret
en (S
)
Har
wel
l (G
B)
Hoh
enpe
isse
nber
g(D
)
Mel
pitz
(D)
Ispr
a (I)
Lond
on-B
(GB
)
Leip
zig
(D)
Mila
no-B
ress
o (I)
Lond
on-M
(GB
)parti
cle
volu
me
conc
entra
tion
(µm
³/cm
³)
morningafternoonnight
0
10000
20000
30000
40000
50000
60000
Jung
frauj
och
(CH
)
Asp
vret
en (S
)
Har
wel
l (G
B)
Hoh
enpe
isse
nber
g(D
)
Mel
pitz
(D)
Ispr
a (I)
Lond
on-B
(GB
)
Leip
zig
(D)
Mila
no-B
ress
o (I)
Lond
on-M
(GB
)
parti
cle
num
ber c
once
ntra
tion
(#/c
m³)
morningafternoonnight
Natural Rural Near-city Urban Kerbside
EMEP Workshop, 20 Apr. 2004
(15)15
natural rural near-city urban kerbside
0
10000
20000
30000
40000
50000
60000
0 10 20 30 40 50 60PM2.5 , µg/m³
Par
ticle
num
ber (
Dp>
10 n
m),
#/cm
³What suite of measurements are needed ?
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
0 10 20 30 40 50 60PM2.5, µg/m³
Par
ticle
num
ber (
Dp>
100
nm),
#/cm
³
EMEP Workshop, 20 Apr. 2004
(16)16
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
0.05-0.09 0.09-0.16 0.16-0.30 0.30-0.60 0.60-1.0 1.0-1.8 1.8-3.1 3.1-6.2 6.2-9.9
aerodynamic diameter (µm)
dM/d
Log
Dp
(µg/
m³)
BCOMunacc.NH4nssSO4sea saltmin. dust
Gent, Belgium
0
5
10
15
20
25
0.06-0.13 0.13-0.25 0.25-0.50 0.50-1.0 1.0-2.0 2.0-4.0 4.0-8.0 8.0-16
aerodynamic diameter (µm)
dM/d
LogD
p (µ
g/m
³)
BCOMunkNO3NH4nssSO4sea saltmin dust
Marseille, France
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
0.05-0.14 0.14-0.42 0.42-1.2 1.2-3.5 3.5-10
aerodynamic diameter (µm)
dM/d
LogD
p (µ
g/m
³)
BCOMunacc.NO3NH4nssSO4sea saltmin. dust
Bologna, Italy
EMEP Workshop, 20 Apr. 2004
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Concluding comments
• The over-determination of the PM mass concentration is a useful tool to check for data consistency at a single site, but
• The lack of harmonisation in sampling and analytical techniques makes comparisons between sites difficult.
• However, a set of observations are quite robust, such as:1. regional background significantly affects PM at urban sites2. diurnal variations in number (and volume) concentrations,3. predominance of carbonaceous species at most sites, specially in the smallest size fractions
EMEP Workshop, 20 Apr. 2004
(18)18 natural rural near-city urban kerbside
annual average
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Sev
ettij
arvi
(F
IN)
Skr
eada
len
(N)
Birk
enes
(N
)
Cha
umon
t (C
H)
Mon
agre
ga (
E)
Illm
itz (
A)
Waa
smun
ster
(B)
Mel
pitz
96-
99(D
)
Ispr
a (I
)
Zue
rich
(CH
)
Bas
el (
CH
)
Gen
t (B
)
Bol
ogna
(I)
Bar
celo
na (
E)
Ber
n (C
H)
Wie
n (A
)
PM
10 (µ
g/m
³)
BCOMunacc.NO3NH4nssSO4sea saltmin. dust
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Sev
ettij
arvi
(F
IN)
Skr
eada
len
(N)
Birk
enes
(N
)
Cha
umon
t (C
H)
Mon
agre
ga (
E)
Illm
itz (
A)
Waa
smun
ster
(B)
Mel
pitz
96-
99(D
)
Ispr
a (I
)
Zue
rich
(CH
)
Bas
el (
CH
)
Gen
t (B
)
Bol
ogna
(I)
Bar
celo
na (
E)
Ber
n (C
H)
Wie
n (A
)
PM
10-P
M2.
5 (µ
g/m
³)
BCOMunacc.NO3NH4nssSO4sea saltmin. dust
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Sev
ettij
arvi
(F
IN)
Skr
eada
len
(N)
Birk
enes
(N
)
Cha
umon
t (C
H)
Mon
agre
ga (
E)
Illm
itz (
A)
Waa
smun
ster
(B)
Mel
pitz
96-
99(D
)
Ispr
a (I
)
Zue
rich
(CH
)
Bas
el (
CH
)
Gen
t (B
)
Bol
ogna
(I)
Bar
celo
na (
E)
Ber
n (C
H)
Wie
n (A
)
PM
2.5
(µg/
m³)
BCOMunacc.NO3NH4nssSO4sea saltmin. dust
PM
2.5
µg/m
³ A world wide aerosol phenomenology ?
Bei
jing
2000
Cha
ngsu
(Zha
ng e
t al,
2002
)
EMEP Workshop, 20 Apr. 2004 (18)
EMEP Workshop, 20 Apr. 2004
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EMEP Workshop, 20 Apr. 2004 (19)
http://rea.ei.jrc.it/netshare/wilson/WDCA/
EMEP Workshop, 20 Apr. 2004
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WMO/GAW network
WMO/GAWWorld Data Centre for Aerosols
Researchprojects
AEROCEACE’s
COSAMAEROCOMCREATEACCENT
compilations
EMEPnetwork
IMPROVEnetwork
CAPMONnetwork
IMPROVEData Centre
NatChemData Centre
EMEPCCC
PFRnetwork
IMPROVE network
PMODWRRC
EMEP Workshop, 20 Apr. 2004
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Urs BaltenspergerErika BrüggemannStefano DecesariM.-Cristina FacchiniSandro FuzziRobert GehrigHans-C. HanssonRoy M. HarrisonAlan M. JonesPaolo LajWilly MaenhautNikolaos MihalopoulosKonrad Müller
Finn PalmgrenXavier QuerolSergio RodriguezGerald SpindlerHarry ten BrinkPeter TunvedRita Van DingenenBirgit WehnerErnest WeingartnerAlfred WiedensohlerPeter WåhlinandFrank Raes
MANY THANKSto
EMEP Workshop, 20 Apr. 2004
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EMEP Workshop, 20 Apr. 2004
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