cctv and video lighting fundamentals

8/12/2019 CCTV and Video Lighting Fundamentals

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Conduct your best Security Site SurveyConduct your best Security Site Survey

withwithCCTV and Video Lighting FundamentalsCCTV and Video Lighting Fundamentals

Steve Surfaro

Group Manager, Industry Liaison

Panasonic System Solutions Company


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Agenda

Assessment of existing systems/preliminary

recommendations

Intrusion detection Fire alarm, access control, CCTV

Physical barriers, lighting

Crime prevention through environmental

design

Sample security system report format

Color temperature basics

Reflectance/emmisivity

Black and white IR applications

SDIII cameras in video lighting applications


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Introduction

Where does the Security Site Survey sit

in the scheme of a Physical SecurityProgram?

Advantages of the Assessment Process

Identify the System Types to match andminimize the Risk Types

Conduct the Site Survey


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Pre-Assessment Phase

What are you going to Assess? Protection this key information with

procedures

Identify and Rank Critical Assets


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Assessment

Analyze Network Architecture

Assess Threat Environment Test and try to defeat the System

Assess Physical Security (AKA The SiteSurvey

Conduct Physical Asset Analysis

Assess Operations Security

Examine Policies and Procedures

Conduct Impact Analysis Assess Infrastructure Interdependencies

Conduct Risk Characterization


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Post-Assessment

Prioritize Recommendations

Develop Action Plan

Capture Lessons Learned and Best

Practices

Deploy Security System

Conduct Training


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Advantages of Conducting

Assessments and Surveys

Increase awareness, not necessarily

paranoia

Establish a baseline

Identify vulnerabilities and develop

responses

What key assets drive the risk

management process

Promote action to minimize risk

Kick-off your Physical Security Program


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Video Surveillance System SurveyVideo Surveillance System Survey

Functional AspectsFunctional Aspects

Classify Video System by type:Classify Video System by type:

Video Surveillance (Monitoring Function)Video Surveillance (Monitoring Function) Forensic (Recording Function)Forensic (Recording Function)

Video AnalyticsVideo Analytics

Perimeter SecurityPerimeter Security

Access ControlAccess Control

Classify Camera by FunctionClassify Camera by Function

Monitor basic activity (subject is 5% of vertical)Monitor basic activity (subject is 5% of vertical)

Detection (10%)Detection (10%)

Recognition (Human, Animal or Vehicle) (50%)Recognition (Human, Animal or Vehicle) (50%)

Identification (120%)Identification (120%)


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Method of

Resolution Measurement & Camera Function

Verify all

Monitoring and

Recording

Functions usingRotakin or

other accepted

standard

Adjust System

as necessary

for key areas,

adding ormoving

cameras as

required

Monitor Detect

Not less than 5% Vertical Not less than 10% Vertical

Recognition Identification

Not less than 50% Vertical Not less than 120% Vertical

*courtesy Isle of Man Constabulary; CCTV Systems within Licensed*courtesy Isle of Man Constabulary; CCTV Systems within Licensed PremisesPremises


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Image examples suitable forImage examples suitable for

Identification FunctionIdentification Function

SuitableSuitable Not SuitableNot Suitable

Enlargement and enhancementEnlargement and enhancement

Images courtesy ofImages courtesy of

Scientific WorkingScientific Working

Group on Imaging TechnologyGroup on Imaging Technology

and APTA Draft Guidelines for Camerasand APTA Draft Guidelines for Camerasandand

Digital Video Recording SystemsDigital Video Recording Systems


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Model WVModel WV--CW970CW970 Accurate auto tracking capabilityAccurate auto tracking capability

Template matching algorithmTemplate matching algorithm

Auto tracking includes Pan, TiltAuto tracking includes Pan, Tiltand 2 steps zoomand 2 steps zoom

Object can be locked to trackObject can be locked to track

from the controller to supportfrom the controller to support

operatoroperators activitys activity

Masking can specify trackingMasking can specify tracking

area limitarea limit

Camera, tracking DSP and microCamera, tracking DSP and micro

processor are all in one for easeprocessor are all in one for ease

of setup and installationof setup and installation

Same SDIII performance andSame SDIII performance and

features available in WVfeatures available in WV--CW960CW960VMD and Template MatchingVMD and Template Matching

sysy

sxsx

TemplatTemplat

ee

An Aid to IdentificationAn Aid to IdentificationthetheIntelligent Auto Tracking CameraIntelligent Auto Tracking Camera

Low CostLow Cost

VideoVideo

Analytic!Analytic!


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MIXMIX

1.1. Double speed CCD outputs short & long signal to capture the brigDouble speed CCD outputs short & long signal to capture the bright &ht &

dark image.dark image.

2.2. DSP combines signals to provide 128x dynamic range.DSP combines signals to provide 128x dynamic range.

3.3. Area Free (Pixel Based) Natural Contrast Image CorrectionArea Free (Pixel Based) Natural Contrast Image Correction

optimizes the grayoptimizes the gray--scale image in response to the input signal level ofscale image in response to the input signal level of

each individual pixel.each individual pixel.

4.4. Regardless of object position, size, shape, or number it deliverRegardless of object position, size, shape, or number it deliverss

smoother natural reproduction of highsmoother natural reproduction of high contrast images.contrast images.

Super Dynamic IIISuper Dynamic III PLUSPLUS

Short signal for brightShort signal for bright

Long signal for darkLong signal for dark

Area Free (Pixel Based) Natural Contrast Image CorrectionArea Free (Pixel Based) Natural Contrast Image Correction

Key Technology for High Contrast Light Scene:Key Technology for High Contrast Light Scene:

SDIII Pixel Based 128x Dynamic RangeSDIII Pixel Based 128x Dynamic RangeThreshold level & Gray scale Correction tableThreshold level & Gray scale Correction tableSignal MixSignal Mix


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Use Lens Estimator to Size Lens

Enter SceneEnter Scene

Height, WidthHeight, Width

and Distanceand Distancefor Eachfor Each

CameraCamera

As anAs an

alternate, notealternate, note

actual viewingactual viewing

angle onangle on

scaledscaled

diagramdiagram

DetermineDetermine

Object HeightObject Height

on Monitor toon Monitor toMatchMatch

FunctionalFunctional

RequirementRequirement

DetermineDetermine

Focal LengthFocal Length


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Video Site Survey Physical

Aspects

Viewing AngleViewing Angle

EnvironmentEnvironment Lighting type, levelLighting type, level

Reflectance/Reflectance/

EmissivityEmissivity

ObstructionsObstructions

TemperatureTemperature

HumidityHumidity

CorrosivesCorrosives

WaterWater

VandalismVandalism

Mounting ConditionsMounting Conditions

Cabling EntryCabling Entry

RequirementsRequirements

AccessibilityAccessibility

SpecialSpecial Objects /Objects /

Scenes (someScenes (someexamples)examples)

VehiclesVehicles

License PlatesLicense Plates

Shoreline/BorderShoreline/Border

Transit PlatformsTransit Platforms


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Camera Functions

In Critical Locations, Back up PTZIn Critical Locations, Back up PTZ

Cameras with a Fixed CameraCameras with a Fixed Camera

Consider Activation Methods forConsider Activation Methods for

PTZ Camera Preset Acquisition inPTZ Camera Preset Acquisition in

SurveySurvey

Use widest usable field of view forUse widest usable field of view for

fixed camerafixed camera


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Site Survey Cycle

Enter Site Survey Data (RoughEnter Site Survey Data (Rough

Sketches,Sketches,

Location Notes)Location Notes)

Normalize Devices by Camera TypesNormalize Devices by Camera Types

Transfer to Floor PlansTransfer to Floor Plans

Verify samples with actual siteVerify samples with actual site


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Let there be light!


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Color

TempChart

ATW1

ATW1

ATW2

ATW2

AWCAWC

Camera SettingsCamera Settings


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CRI Color Rendition Index

Lighting Type Color

Rendition

Index

Relative Image

Reproduction

Daylight 100 Excellent

Incandescent 97 Excellent

Fluorescent 87-94 ExcellentHalogen 90-97 Excellent

LP Sodium 5 Poor

HP Sodium 30 Poor => Fair

Mercury Vapor 43 Poor => FairMetal Halide 70 Good


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Reflectance The ratio of the total amount of spectral

radiation, reflected by a surface to the totalamount of radiation incident on the surface


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Luminance

Luminance is the intensity of

brightness (in candela per unitarea) of a surface

Higher luminance values are

associated with brighter surfaces.


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Luminance

Concrete is 1.77 times more luminous

than asphalt (reference chart; equation below)


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Luminance Uniformity

Luminance uniformity is another significantfactor in the lighting of parking lots represented by the maximum to minimum horizontal

luminance ratio (max:min)

High max:min ratios, certain areas of parkinglots can have low luminance levels Associated with poor visibility

Low max:min ratios present a more uniformluminance distribution.

Asphalt has a max:min luminance ratio of 1.97times greater than concrete Concrete has a more uniform luminance distribution


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Emmissivity of common materials

WoodWood planed oak . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . .planed oak . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.90. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.90

Water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.95. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.95 0.960.96

Paints, lacquers, and varnishesPaints, lacquers, and varnishes Black matte shellac . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.91Black matte shellac . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.91

GlassGlass -- Pyrex, lead, soda . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Pyrex, lead, soda . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.85. . . . . . . . 0.85 0.950.95

BrickBrick red and rough . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .red and rough . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.93. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.93

Asphalt , tar , pi tch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Asphalt , tar , pi tch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.95. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.95 1.001.00

Stainless steelStainless steel polished . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .polished . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.07. . . . . . . . . 0.07

Iron and steel (excluding stainless)Iron and steel (excluding stainless) oxidized dull wrought iron . . . .. . . . . . 0.94oxidized dull wrought iron . . . .. . . . . . 0.94

Iron and steel (excluding stainless)Iron and steel (excluding stainless) polished iron . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.14polished iron . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.14 0.380.38

ChromiumChromium polished . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .polished . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.08. . . . . . 0.08 0.360.36


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IR Surveillance System

Components IP66 Rated Housing forIP66 Rated Housing for

Environmental ResistanceEnvironmental Resistance

Day/Night Camera has IRDay/Night Camera has IR

Sensitivity to match IRSensitivity to match IR

IlluminatorIlluminator

Hi SpeedHi Speed Lens means theLens means the

Max. Aperture is largeMax. Aperture is large

(small number like f/0.75 ~(small number like f/0.75 ~

f/2)f/2)

IP66 RatedIP66 Rated

HousingHousing

Hi SpeedHi Speed

VarifocalVarifocal LensLens

IR IlluminatorIR Illuminator

Day/NightDay/Night

CameraCamera

w/w/AutoAuto

BackFocusBackFocus

AutoAuto BackFocusBackFocus OperationOperation


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Camera/Lens Issues with IR

Illumination CCTV Cameras - Automatic Switchover

Day/Night : Color to B/W

Duration/Level Adjustments

Anti Day/Night Mode Hunting

Day / Night and IR Compatible Lenses

Automatic Axial chromatic aberration

compensation (focus shift)

Axial chromatic aberration is a phenomenon of being out

of focus on the optical axis which is caused by lightwavelength

Lenses may respond to various IR ranges

(700nm~ 1,500nm)


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Reading Camera IR Response

Curves Find the Wavelength(s) that the IR illuminator willproduce

Camera on right has 33% greater IR response at 850nm

Camera will product a brighter image with same IRilluminator


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Video System Design Best

Practices Make sure users have the live and recorded

image quality they need

Maintain most favorable criteria for yourproject Lowest Reasonable Cost for System

Increase the number of ways you can access your

video information Spend as much as you can afford to

strengthen and secure your network

Do not have one device service too many user

or perform many functions Improve yourSystem Survivability

Model all network-based systems prior tospecification phase


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Conclusions

The Assessment and Survey ProcessThe Assessment and Survey Process

increases awarenessincreases awareness

ThinkThink like a thieflike a thief and ways to defeat theand ways to defeat the

systemsystem

Expect wider ranging environmental conditionsExpect wider ranging environmental conditions

(light, etc.) than seen at survey(light, etc.) than seen at survey

If using wireless technologies, you mustIf using wireless technologies, you must

conduct a separate RF Surveyconduct a separate RF Survey

Limit the Camera Usage to its primary functionLimit the Camera Usage to its primary function Use additional Cameras for simultaneousUse additional Cameras for simultaneous

functions in critical areasfunctions in critical areas

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