CHAPTER 6 Understanding the CME Dial-Plan

Analog Voice Port Configuration:

• Foreign Exchange Station Ports (FXS): Used to connect analog devices such as analog phones, fax machines or modems to the router. • Foreign Exchange Office Ports (FXO): Used to connect to the PSTN central office (CO) or a Private Branch Exchange (PBX)

• Use the Router#show voice port summary

Analog Voice Port Configuration:

• Configure FXS: Signaling Caller ID information Call progress tone

Analog Voice Port Configuration:

• Configure FXO: Dial-type Ring number (rings before answering)

Digital Voice Port Configuration:

• T1 or E1 Voice and WAN Interface Cards (VWIC)

Must be configured before using (unlike FXO or FXS) Can use Channel Associated Signaling (CAS) Can also use Common Channel Signaling (CCS)

Router(config)#controller t1 1/0Router(config-controller)#framing esfRouter(config-controller)#clock source lineNOTE: Better to use line clocking provided from PSTN or providerRouter(config-controller)#ds0-group 1 timeslots 1-24 type fxo-loop-start

Digital Voice Port Configuration:

• Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) Primary Rate Interface (PRI)

Uses Chanel Associated Signaling (CAS)

Router(config)#isdn switch-type primary-5essRouter(config)#controller t1 1/0Router(config-controller)#pri-group timeslots 1-24Router(config-controller)#show voice port summary

Configuring Dial Peers:

• POTS dial peer: Used to define voice reachability information for any traditional (analog) connection• VoIP dial peer: Used to define any voice connection available through IP addressing

Call Legs:

• Any voice connection too or from a voice port or connection or voice device

Call Leg 1: The incoming POTS call leg from x1101 on CME_A Call Leg 2: The outgoing VoIP call leg from CME_A to ROUTER_B Call Leg 3: The incoming VoIP call leg on ROUTER_B from CME_A Call Leg 4: The outgoing POTS call leg to x2510 from ROUTER_B

Configuring POTS Dial Peers for FXS Ports:

CME_A(config)#dial-peer voice 1101 potsCME_A(config-dial-peer)#destination-pattern 1101CME_A(config-dial-peer)#port 0/0/0CME_A(config-dial-peer)#exitCME_A(config)#dial-peer voice 1102 potsCME_A(config-dial-peer)#destination-pattern 1102CME_A(config-dial-peer)#port 0/0/1

Configuring Dial Peers:

• Router#show dial-peer voice summary

Configuring POTS Dial Peer for T1:

Router_B(config)#dial-peer voice 2000 potsRouter_B(config-dial-peer)#destination-pattern 2…Router_B(config-dial-peer)#no digit-stripRouter_B(config-dial-peer)#port 1/0:23

Configuring VoIP Dial Peer:

CME_A(config)#dial-peer voice 2000 voipCME_A(config-dial-peer)#destination-pattern 2…CME_A(config-dial-peer)#session target ipv4:10.1.1.2CME_A(config-dial-peer)#codec g711ulaw

• If the configured codec does not match the opposite end then the call will fail. The default codec is G.729

Router_B(config)#dial-peer voice 1000 voipRouter_B(config-dial-peer)#destination-pattern 1…Router_B(config-dial-peer)#session target ipv4:10.1.1.1Router_B(config-dial-peer)#codec g711ulaw

Using Dial-Peer Wildcards:

• Period (.): Will match any digit• Plus(+): matches one or more instances of the preceding digits• Brackets ([]): Matches a range of digits• T: matches any dialed number from 0-32 digits• Carrot (^): Does not match• Comma (,): Inserts a one-second pause between dialed digits

• Example: 555[1-3]… Matches: 5551…, 5552…, 5553… (Where … is

any three digits) 5+23 Matches 5523, 55523, 55523 [14-6]555 Matches 1555, 4555, 5555, 6555 55[59]12 Matches 55512, 55912 [^1-7]..[135] Matches 8..1, 8..3, 8..5, 9..1, 9..3, 9..5 (Where is any two digits)

Digit Manipulation:

Digit Manipulation Problem:

Digit Manipulation Problem Answer:

North American Dial Plan:

• [2-9]…… Used for 7-digit dialing• [2-9]..[2-9]…… Used for 10-digit dialing• 1[2-9]..[2-9]…… Used for 11-digit dialing• [469]11 Used for service numbers• 011T Used for international dialing

North American Dial Plan:

Router(config)#dial-peer voice 90 potsRouter(config-dial-peer)#description Service DialingRouter(config-dial-peer)#destination-pattern 9[469]11Router(config-dial-peer)#forward-digits 3Router(config-dial-peer)#port 1/0:1Router(config-dial-peer)#dial-peer voice 91 potsRouter(config-dial-peer)#description 10-Digit DialingRouter(config-dial-peer)#destination-pattern 9[2-9]..[2-9]……Router(config-dial-peer)#forward-digits 10Router(config-dial-peer)#port 1/0:1Router(config-dial-peer)#dial-peer voice 92 potsRouter(config-dial-peer)#description 11-Digit DialingRouter(config-dial-peer)#destination-pattern 91[2-9]..[2-9]……Router(config-dial-peer)#forward-digits 11Router(config-dial-peer)#port 1/0:1Router(config-dial-peer)#dial-peer voice 93 potsRouter(config-dial-peer)#description International DialingRouter(config-dial-peer)#destination-pattern 9011TRouter(config-dial-peer)#prefix 011Router(config-dial-peer)#port 1/0:1

Private Line Automatic Ringdown (PLAR):

Router(config)#voice-port 2/0/0Router(config-voiceport)#connection plar 1500Router(config-voiceport)#voice-port 2/0/1Router(config-voiceport)#connection plar 1500

Call Processing:

• Most specific pattern wins• Once a match is found the call is processed

Router(config)#dial-peer voice 1 voipRouter(config-dial-peer)#destination-pattern 555[1-3]…Router(config-dial-peer)#session target ipv4:10.1.1.1Router(config-dial-peer)#dial-peer voice 2 voipRouter(config-dial-peer)#destination-pattern 5551…Router(config-dial-peer)#session target ipv4:10.1.1.2

If a user dials 5551234 dial-peer 2 will be used because it is a more specific match

Call Processing:

• Most specific pattern wins• Once a match is found the call is processed

Router(config)#dial-peer voice 1 voipRouter(config-dial-peer)#destination-pattern 555[1-3]…Router(config-dial-peer)#session target ipv4:10.1.1.1Router(config-dial-peer)#dial-peer voice 2 voipRouter(config-dial-peer)#destination-pattern 5551…Router(config-dial-peer)#session target ipv4:10.1.1.2Router(config-dial-peer)#dial-peer voice 3 voipRouter(config-dial-peer)#destination-pattern 5551Router(config-dial-peer)#session target ipv4:10.1.1.3

If a user dials 5551234 dial-peer 3 will be used because it is a more specific match. Router will drop the last three digits and only route the 5551 (Useful for emergency calls)

Matching Inbound and Outbound Dial Peers:

1. Match the dialed number (DNIS) using the incoming called number dial peer2. Match the called ID information (ANI) using the answer-address dial-peer configuration3. Match the caller ID information (ANI) using the destination-pattern dial-peer configuration4. Match an incoming POTS dial peer by using the port dial-peer configuration5. If no match has been found using the previous four methods, use dial peer 0

Call Leg 1:

1.(No Match) 2510 The dialed number does not match an incoming called-number dial peer2.(No Match) x1101 Caller ID information (ANI) does not match the answer-address dial peer configuration on CME_A3.(No Match) x1101 Caller ID information (ANI) does not match the destination-pattern dial peer configuration on CME_A4.(Match) x1101 comes in FXS port 1/0/0 which matches an incoming POTS dial peer on CME_A by using the port dial peer configuration command

Call Leg 3:

1.(No Match) 2510 The dialed number does not match an incoming called-number dial peer on ROUTER_B2.(No Match) x1101 Caller ID information (ANI) does not match the answer-address dial peer configuration on ROUTER_B3.(Match) x1101 Caller ID information (ANI) does match the destination-pattern dial peer configuration command for the VoIP dial peer 1101 on ROUTER_B

Call Leg 4:

1.(No Match) 2510 The called number does not match an incoming called number2.(No Match) x1101 Caller ID information (ANI) does not match the answer-address dial peer configuration on ROUTER_B3.(No Match) x1101 Caller ID information (ANI) does not match the destination-pattern dial peer configuration4.(No Match) x1101 did not come into a POTS interface (FXS, FXO, E&M, Voice BRI/T1/E1 digital interface that could be matched using the port command. It came via VoIP5.(Match) Because ROUTER_B could not find a match it will use dial peer 0

Dial Peer 0:

• Default Dial Peer Uses any voice codec (Not hard coded) No DTMF relay: DTMF relay sends dial tones outside of the audio stream IP Precedence 0: Strips all QoS markings. Calls will now be sent as if they were normal data Voice Activity Detection (VAD) enabled: Allows bandwidth savings by not transmitting dead time No Resource Reservation Protocol (RSVP) support: The router will not reserve end-to-end bandwidth Fax-rate voice: The router will limit fax bandwidth to that of the VoIP codec. Can devastate fax calls No application support: calls cannot be referred to outside applications No Direct Inward Dial (DID) support: Cannot use the DID feature to forward calls to an internal device from an PSTN source

Digit Manipulation:

• prefix digits: Allows for digits to be added to be specified• forward-digits number: Allows for the number of digits that will be forwarded• [no] digit-strip: Enables (default) or disables digit stripping• num-exp: Transforms any number dialed that matches pattern. Example: num-exp 4… 5… Call 4321 converted to 5321Example: num-exp 0 5000 Call 0 converted to 5000• voice translation profile: Allows a translation profile of up to 15 rules to be transform the number

POTS Failover:

• If the VoIP network fails, the phone system should automatically switch to the POTS system

POTS Failover Configuration:

Arizona(config)#dial-peer voice 10 voipArizona(config-dial-peer)#destination-pattern 6…Arizona(config-dial-peer)#session target ipv4:10.1.1.2Arizona(config-dial-peer)#preference 0Arizona(config-dial-peer)#dial-peer voice 11 potsArizona(config-dial-peer)#destination pattern 6…Arizona(config-dial-peer)#port 1/0:1Arizona(config-dial-peer)#preference 1Arizona(config-dial-peer)#no digit-stripArizona(config-dial-peer)#prefix 1512555

Texas(config)#dial-peer voice 10 voipTexas(config-dial-peer)#destination-pattern 5…Texas(config-dial-peer)#session target ipv4:10.1.1.1Texas(config-dial-peer)#preference 0Texas(config-dial-peer)#dial-peer voice 11 potsTexas(config-dial-peer)#destination pattern 5…Texas(config-dial-peer)#port 1/0:1Texas(config-dial-peer)#preference 1Texas(config-dial-peer)#no digit-stripTexas(config-dial-peer)#prefix 1480555

Using num-exp to Transform numbers:

Router(config)#voice-port 1/0/1Router(config-voiceport)#connection plar 0Router(config-voiceport)#exitRouter(config)#num-exp 0 5000

• Connects any dialed 0, to the receptionist within the company at extension 5000

POTS Lines for Emergency Calls:

Remote_RTR(config)#dial-peer voice 10 potsRemote_RTR(config-dial-peer)#destination-pattern 911Remote_RTR(config-dial-peer)#port 1/0/0Remote_RTR(config-dial-peer)#no digit stripRemote_RTR(config-dial-peer)#dial-peer voice 11 potsRemote_RTR(config-dial-peer)#destination pattern 9911Remote_RTR(config-dial-peer)#port 1/0/0Remote_RTR(config-dial-peer)#forward-digits 3 Remote_RTR(config-dial-peer)#dial-peer voice 12 potsRemote_RTR(config-dial-peer)#destination pattern 911Remote_RTR(config-dial-peer)#port 1/0/1Remote_RTR(config-dial-peer)#no digit-strip Remote_RTR(config-dial-peer)#dial-peer voice 13 potsRemote_RTR(config-dial-peer)#destination pattern 9911Remote_RTR(config-dial-peer)#port 1/0/1Remote_RTR(config-dial-peer)#forward-digits 3

POTS Lines for Emergency Calls:

Translation Rule:

• Define the rules that dictate how the router will transform the number• Associate the rules to a profile• Associate the profile to a dial peer• Format: rule 1 /match/ /set/

Router(config)#voice translation-rule 1Router(config-translation-rule)#rule 1 /6/ /5/

• Match the number “6” and replace with a “5”

Translation Profile:

• Define the rules that dictate how the router will transform the number• Associate the rules to a profile• Associate the profile to a dial peer

Router(config)#voice translation-profile CHANGE_DIDRouter(config-translation-profile)#translate called 1Router(config-translation-profile)#dial-peer voice 100 pots

Router(config)#dial-peer voice 100 potsRouter(config-dial-peer)#translation-profile incoming CHANGE_DID

Translation Profile:

Translation Order:

num-exp

Automatic digit strip(POTS dial peers)

Voice translation profiles

Prefix digits

forward-digits

Applied 1st

Applied 2nd

Applied 3rd

Applied 4th

Applied 5th

Class of Restriction (COR):

• Prevent employees from making international calls but allow management

•Block high cost numbers such as 1-900

•Prevent certain internal phones from reaching executive office numbers

Class of Restriction (COR):

• Defining COR List Tags

Router(config)#dial-peer cor customRouter(config-dp-cor)#name 911Router(config-dp-cor)#name LOCALRouter(config-dp-cor)#name LD

•Create Outgoing COR List

Router(config)#dial-peer cor list 911-CALLRouter(config-dp-corlist)#member 911Router(config-dp-corlist)#exitRouter(config)#dial-peer cor list LOCAL-CALLRouter(config-dp-corlist)#member LOCALRouter(config-dp-corlist)#exitRouter(config)#dial-peer cor list LD-CALLRouter(config-dp-corlist)#member LDRouter(config-dp-corlist)#exit

Class of Restriction (COR):

• Defining Incoming COR Lists

Router(config)#dial-peer cor list 911-ONLYRouter(config-dp-corlist)#member 911Router(config-dp-corlist)#exit Router(config)#dial-peer cor list 911-LOCALRouter(config-dp-corlist)#member 911Router(config-dp-corlist)#member LOCALRouter(config-dp-corlist)#exit Router(config)#dial-peer cor list 911-LOCAL-LDRouter(config-dp-corlist)#member 911Router(config-dp-corlist)#member LOCALRouter(config-dp-corlist)#member LDRouter(config-dp-corlist)#exit

Class of Restriction (COR):

• Assigning Outbound and Inbound COR Lists

Router(config)#dial-peer voice 10 potsRouter(config-dial-peer)#corlist outgoing 911-CALLRouter(config-dial-peer)#exitRouter(config)#dial-peer voice 11 potsRouter(config-dial-peer)#corlist outgoing LOCAL-CALLRouter(config-dial-peer)#exitRouter(config)#dial-peer voice 12 potsRouter(config-dial-peer)#corlist outgoing LD-CALLRouter(config-dial-peer)#exitRouter(config)#ephone-dn 1Router(config-ephone-dn)#corlist incoming 911-ONLYRouter(config-ephone-dn)#exitRouter(config)#ephone-dn 2Router(config-ephone-dn)#corlist incoming 911-LOCALRouter(config-ephone-dn)#exitRouter(config)#ephone-dn 3Router(config-ephone-dn)#corlist incoming 911-LOCAL-LDRouter(config-ephone-dn)#exit

Class of Restriction (COR):

• Rules:

If there is no outgoing COR list applied then the call is always routed

If there is no incoming COR list applied then the call is always routed

Quality of Service (QoS):

• Lack of bandwidth• Delay

Fixed delay Variable delay Jitter (delay variations)

• Packet loss

•Requirements for VoIP and Video End-to-end delay: 150 mSec or less Jitter: 30mSec or less Packet loss: 1% or less

• Requirements for Data Mission-critical applications Transactional applications Best-effort applications Scavenger applications

Quality of Service (QoS) Mechanisms:

• Best Effort: Default method used in every network. No QoS mechanism is used.

• Integrated Services (IntServ): Works through a system of reservations reserving bandwidth for applications through the Resource Reservation Protocol (RSVP). Provides guaranteed bandwidth. Not scalable

• Differentiated Services (DiffServ): Most popular as it classifies traffic and places the traffic into cues with “almost guaranteed” bandwidth. Most used method.

Quality of Service (QoS) Mechanisms:

• Classification and Marking• Congestion Management• Congestion Avoidance• Policing and Shaping• Link Efficiency

Payload Compression Header Compression Link Fragmentation and Interleaving (LFI)

Quality of Service (QoS) Mechanisms:

• Queuing Algorithms Weighted Fair Queuing (WQF); Balance bandwidth among all. Class-Based Weighted Fair Queuing (CBWFQ): Sets classes and assigns bandwidth Low Latency Queuing (LLQ): Adds priority to CBWFQ

Cisco AutoQoS:

• Automated system by Cisco Easy to implement Reduces the time of deployment Provides configuration consistency Reduces deployment cost Allows for manual tuning

• First establish a “Trust Boundary”• AutoQoS uses Cisco Discovery protocol (CDP) so do not disable on connections that need it!

Cisco AutoQoS Example:

• Serial links must have the bandwidth command configured!

Cisco AutoQoS Configuration Example:

Voice_Switch(config)#interface fa0/3Voice_Switchr(config-if)#auto qos voip cisco-phone

Cisco AutoQoS Configuration Example:

Router(config)#interface fa0/1Router(config-if)#auto qos voip trust

Cisco AutoQoS Configuration:

Voice_Switch(config)#interface fa0/3 Voice_Switch(config-if)#description Cisco PhoneVoice_Switch(config-if)#auto qos voip cisco-phoneVoice_Switch(config-if)#interface fa0/1 Voice_Switch(config-if)#description Switch Router UplinkVoice_Switch(config-if)#auto qos voip trust

Router(config)#interface fa0/0Router(config-if)#auto qos voip trust

Cisco AutoQoS Configuration:

• auto qos voip: Enable AutoQoS without trusting any markings. Router will remark all traffic types• auto qos voip trust: Enable AotoQoS trusting any existing markings• auto qos voip cisco-phone: Switch only! Enables AotoQoS and will trust any existing markings only if CDP detects a Cisco phone attached• auto qos voip cisco-softphone: Switch only! Enables AutoQoS and will trust any existing markings if CDP detects a Cisco Softphone (IP Communicator)

• New version of AutoQoS is auto discovery! Auto discovery allows the router to monitor the traffic for an indefinite period and record traffic patterns and generate a QoS policy that can be applied

End of Chapter 6