ccna dis2 - chapter 3 planning a network upgrade_ppt [compatibility mode]

8/3/2019 CCNA Dis2 - Chapter 3 Planning a Network Upgrade_ppt [Compatibility Mode]

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Chapter 3 Planning a Network upgrade

CCNA Discovery 4.0


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Hc vin cng ngh thng tin Bach Khoa - Website: www.bkacad.com

Objectives

Perform a customer site survey Describle the importance of planning when beginning a

network upgrade

Describle physical topology considerations when

upgrading a network Describle structured cabling Describle network configuration and interaction of network

devices

Describle other considerations when planning an upgrade
http://www.bkacad.com/http://www.bkacad.com/


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Common Issues

Site Survey


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Common Issues

Site SurveySome of the more important pieces of information that can be gathered during a

site survey include:


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Common Issues

Site SurveyThe technician should be prepared for anything when doing the site survey.


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Common Issues

Physical and Logical Topology A physical topology is the actual physical location of cables, computers, and

other peripherals.


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Common Issues

Physical and Logical Topology A logical topology documents the path that data takes through a network andthe location where network functions, like routing, occur.


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Common Issues

Network Requirements Documentation


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Planning the Network Upgrade

Network Upgrade A good project plan will help identify any strengths, weaknesses, opportunities,or threats (SWOT).

Examples of good planning: Sports teams follow game plans

Builders follow blueprints

Ceremonies or meetings follow agendas


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Network Upgrade The planning of a network upgrade begins after the site survey and report arecompleted. There are five distinct phases:

1. Phase 1: Requirements Gathering After all information has been gathered from the customer and the site visit,

it is analyzed to determine network requirements.

This analysis is done by the design team at the ISP, which creates anAnalysis Report.

2. Phase 2: Selection and Design Select devices and cabling based on the requirements outlined in the

Analysis Report.

3. . Phase 3: Implementation If the first two steps are done correctly, the implementation phase may be

performed without incident

f there are tasks that have been overlooked in the earlier phases, theymust be corrected during implementation.


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Network Upgrade4. Phase 4: Operation

The network is brought into service in what is termed a productionenvironment.

Prior to this step, the network is considered to be in a testing orimplementation phase.

5. Phase 5: Review and Evaluation: After the network is operational, the designand implementation must be reviewed and evaluated. Step:

Compare the user experience with the goals in the documentation andevaluate if the design is right for the job

Compare the projected designs and costs with the actual deployment

Monitor the operation and record changes.

It is important that, at each phase, there is careful planning to ensurethe project goes smoothly and the installation is successful.


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Physical Environment One of the first things that the network designer does to select the equipmentand design of the new network is to examine existing network facilities andcabling.

A telecommunications room or wiring closet, in a small, single-floor network isusually referred to as the Main Distribution Facility (MDF).

If additional wiring closets are required, these are referred to as IntermediateDistribution Facilities (IDFs).


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Cabling Considerations When planning the installation of network cabling, there are four physical areasto consider:

User work areas

Telecommunications room

Backbone area

Distribution area


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Cabling ConsiderationsSome different types of network cable:

Shielded Twisted Pair (STP):Usually Category 5, 5e, or 6 cable that has a foilshielding to protect from outside electromagnetic interference (EMI). Distancelimitation is approximately 328 feet (100 meters).

Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP):Usually Category 5, 5e, or 6 cable does not

provide extra shielding from EMI, but it is inexpensive. Cable runs should avoidelectrically noisy areas. Distance limitation is approximately 328 feet (100meters).

Coaxial: Has a solid copper core with several protective layers includingpolyvinyl chloride (PVC). Distance several miles (kilometers) limitations dependon the purpose of the connection.

Fiber Optic cable: A medium that is not susceptible to EMI, and can transmitdata faster and farther than copper. Depending on the type of fiber optics,distance limitations can be several miles (kilometers).


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Cabling ConsiderationsThere are three different types of twisted pair cables that are used in networks:

Straight-through: Used between dissimilar devices, such as a switch and acomputer or a switch and a router

Crossover: Used between similar devices, such as two switches or twocomputers

Console (or Rollover): Used to connect a computer to the console port of arouter or switch to do initial configuration


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Cabling Considerations


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Structured CableSome of the more important items to document include the following: Patch cables: Short cable from the computer to the wall plate in the user work

area

Horizontal cable: Cable from the wall plate to the IDF in the distribution area Vertical cable: Cable from the IDF to the MDF in the organization's backbone

area Backbone cable: The part of a network that handles the major traffic Location of wiring closet: Area to concentrate end user cable to hub or switch Cable management system: Series of trays and straps used to guide and

protect cable runs

Cable labeling system: Proper labeling system or scheme to identify cables Electrical considerations: Premises should have adequate outlets to support

electrical requirements of network equipmen


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Structured Cable


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Purchasing and Maintanining Equipment

Purchasing EquipmentThere are generally two options for the new equipment as follows: Managed Service: The equipment would be obtained from the ISP through a

lease or some other agreement, and the ISP would be responsible for updatesand maintenance of the equipment

In-house: The equipment would be purchased completely by the customer,

and the customer would be responsible for updates, warranties, andmaintenance of the equipment


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Purchasing Equipment


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Purchasing Equipment


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Selecting Network Devices Modern networks use a variety of devices for connectivity. A Layer 1 hub can only forward data out all ports A Layer 2 switch can filter the data and only send it out the port connected to

the destination based on MAC address. LAN switches provide connectivitywithin organizations' local area networks

Routers are needed to interconnect local networks and in a wide-area networkenvironment.


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Selecting LAN Devices Chosing devices depends on some factors:

Speed and types of ports/interfaces

Expandability

Manageability

Cost


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Cost

The cost of a switch is determined by: capacity (port available and switchingspeed), features, network management capabilities, security technologies, andoptional advanced switching technologies.

"cost per port" calculation, cable length. The invest in redundancy. The effect if there are problems with a single central

switch.


Selecting LAN Devices


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Speed and Types of Ports/Interfaces The speed : 10/100/1000 Mbps. Can increased speeds without replacing

the devices. The number and type of ports:

Just enough ports for today's needs? A mixture of UTP speeds? Both UTP and fiber ports?

The number of UTP ports and fiber ports will be needed. The number of1 Gbps ports and 10/100 Mbps ports.




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Factors to Consider in Choosing a Router

Similar to the switch, cost and interface types and speeds must be consideredas well. Additional factors:

Expandability Media

Operating System Features

Expandability

Fixed configurations Modular devices Most modular devices come with a basic number of fixed ports as well as

expansion slots.

Select the appropriate modules and interfaces for the specific media.



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Selecting Internetworking DevicesFactors for choosing a router include:

Type of connectivity required

Features available

Cost

1.Connectivity

Routers are used to interconnect networks that use different technologies.

They can have both LAN and WAN interfaces.

The router's LAN interfaces connect to the LAN media.

The media is typically UTP cabling, but modules can be added for usingfiber-optics as well

Depending on the series or model of router, there can be multiple interfacetypes for connection of LAN and WAN cabling.


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Selecting Internetworking Devices


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Selecting Internetworking Devices2. Features Security

QoS

VoIP

NAT

DHCP

3. Cost When selecting internetworkdevices, budget is an important

consideration.

Routers can be expensive Additional modules, such asfiber-optics, can increase the costs.


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Network Equipment Upgrades Many small networks were initially built using a low-end integrated router toconnect the wireless and wired users.

When a small business outgrows capabilities of their existing network devices,it is necessary to upgrade to more capable devices.

Examples:


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Network Equipment Upgrades The Cisco 1841 is designed to be a branch office or medium-sized businessrouter.

It is modular in design and can deliver multiple security services. Cisco Catalyst 2960 Series Intelligent Ethernet Switches are a family of fixed-

configuration, stand-alone devices that provide Fast Ethernet and Gigabit

Ethernet connectivity to the desktop.


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Reliability and Availability Reliability is usually achieved by adding redundant components to the network,such as two routers instead of one. In this case, alternate data paths arecreated, so if one router is experiencing problems, the data can take analternate route to arrive at the destination.

An increase in reliability improves availability. As an example, telephone

systems require five-9s of availability. This means that the telephone systemmust be available 99.999% of the time. Telephone systems cannot be down, orunavailable, for more than .001% of the time.

Fault tolerance systems are typically used to improve network reliability.


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Reliability and AvailabilityIP Addressing Plan: Planning for the network installation must include planningthe logical addressing.


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Summary

A network technician must perform a site survey todocument the existing network structure before a networkupgrade can be planned.

Documentation to include a physical and logical topologymap and an inventory sheet of all equipment.

Gather customer network requirements through survey andinterviews.


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ccna dis2 - chapter 3 planning a network upgrade_ppt [compatibility mode]

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