ccga collision regs 1
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CANADIAN COAST GUARD AUXILIARY - PACIFIC
INTERNATIONALREGULATIONS
FORPREVENTING COLLISION AT
SEA
CANADIAN COAST GUARD AUXILIARY - PACIFIC
2009
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Collision Regulations
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General Points
Every vessel has a responsibility to avoidcollisions.
If every vessel follows the rules, there cannot
be a collision.
Even if these rules require another vessel tokeep out of your way, you must be ready to
take action yourself. If you are in a collision, you will always be
partly to blame.
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General Points
All actions must be clear, in good time, andlarge enough so other vessels will understandyour intentions.
Generally alterations of course are moreobvious than alterations of speed, but neverhesitate to slow down to give yourself thinkingtime or more room.
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Night Vision
At night keep lighting within your own vesselto a minimum; it preserves your night vision.
Only use spotlights where it is vital to pick upan unlit object (mooring buoys for instance).
Respect other peoples night vision.
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Extra Care at Night
Many navigation aids are unlit, and there aremany other potential hazards, so keep your
speed down.
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CCGA-P Requirements
The CCGA-P requires that at all times:
1. radar, if available, is to be in use, unless
alongside another vessel2. appropriate navigation lights are displayed
3. If in doubt stop, assess, plan
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Section I - Rules 4 to10
Conduct of Vessels in Any Type of Visibility
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Rule 5 - Lookout
You must keep a good lookout with eyes andears at all times.
This includes poor visibility and nighttime.
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Rule 6 - Safe Speed
You should travel at a speed that gives youadequate time to assess and plan the
manoeuvre to avoid collision. Some of the factors that might cause you to
slow down are:
visibility,
volume of traffic,
background lighting,
water depth
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Rule 7 - Risk of Collision
Frequently assess all the vessels in thevicinity of your vessel to see if they are likely
to come close. If the compass bearing of another vessel
does not change much, i.e. is steady, you areon, or nearly on, a collision course.
A bearing (true or compass) is the ONLY wayto assess risk of collision.
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Rule 8 - Action to Avoid Collision
Any action you now take, must comply withthese rules, and must be obvious to the other
vessel, and result in the two vessels passingwell clear of each other.
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Rule 9 - Narrow Channels
In narrow channels, all vessels should keepto the starboard side of the channel.
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Rule 10 - Traffic Separation
Schemes Traffic shall follow the traffic separation
scheme where one is designated.
Where you are outside it, you should avoid it. If you have to cross it you have to cross it as
near right angles as possible.
A vessel less than 20 metres in length shallnot impede a ship in a separation scheme.
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Rule 10 - Traffic Separation
SchemesGood courses in or near separationschemes
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Rule 10 - Traffic Separation
SchemesBad courses in or near separationschemes
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Section II - Rules 11 to 18
Conduct of Vessels in Sight of One Another
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Collision Regulations
Section II - Conduct of vessels in sight of oneanother
Rule 11 Application
Rule 12 Sailing Vessels
Rule 13 Overtaking Rule 14 Head-on Rule 15 Crossing Situations Rule 16 Action by the Give-way Vessel
Rule 17 Action by the Stand-on Vessel
Rule 18 Responsibilities Between Vessels
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Rule 12 - Sailing Vessels
Wind on different sides
When sailing vesselshave the wind on different
sides, the vessel that hasthe wind on the port sideshall keep out of the wayof the other.
A keeps clear of B.
Wind
A B
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Rule 12 - Sailing Vessels
If a sailing vessel with thewind on the port sidesees a sailing vessel towindward and cannotdetermine with certaintywhether the other sailingvessel has the wind onthe port or starboard side,
it shall keep out of theway.
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Rule 12 - Sailing Vessels
Wind on the same sides
When both sailingvessels have the wind on
the same side, the vesselwhich is the closest to thewind (windward) shallkeep out of the way of thevessel which is toleeward.
B keeps clear of A.
Wind
B
A
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Rule 13 - Overtaking
This rule overrides all the other give-way rules.
The overtaking vessel (even if sailing) must keep outof the way of the vessel being overtaken.
You can pass on either side of the vessel, but keepwell clear the other vessel may not have seen you.
If you are being overtaken, hold your course andspeed until the other vessel is past and well clear.
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Rule 14 - Head on
Both vessels must alter course to starboard.
If the other vessel turns the wrong way, you shouldturn even more to starboard, slow down, or stopyour vessel.
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Rule 15 - Crossing Situation
If the other vessel is on your starboard side it has right ofway and you must keep clear: you must either turn tostarboard, slow down to let the other vessel pass ahead of
you or do both.
A gives way to B
A
B
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Rule 15 - Crossing Situation
If the other vessel is on your port side, you have right ofway and should hold your course and speed. However, ifyou think the other vessel is leaving it too late, you have to
take action yourself. The right rule still applies: if you altercourse, alter to starboard. Or you can slow down, or doboth.
A
B
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Rules 13-15: Vessels in Sight and
in Risk of Collision (Review)HEAD ON OVERTAKING CROSSING
Description Meeting onreciprocalcourses,masthead lights inline, bothsidelights visible.
Overtakinganother vesselmore than 22.5abaft the beam, atnight only thesternlight visible.
Two vesselscrossing, risk ofcollision exists.
Action Both vessels turnto starboard topass port-to-port.
Overtaking vesselkeeps out of theway on theovertaken vessel.
The vessel whichholds the otheron her starboardmust keep out ofthe way of thestand-on vessel.
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Rule 16: Give-way Vessel
Take early and substantial action to stay outof the way of the stand-on vessel.
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Rule 17: Stand-on Vessel
Maintain course and speed.
Sound 5 short rapid blasts.
Take action if the give-way is not takingsubstantial action to avoid collision.
If risk of collision exists and if circumstancesallow, avoid altering course to port.
If collision is imminent, any action that willavoid collision or mitigate it, is permitted.
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Rule 18: Responsibilities
Between VesselsVessels in order of priority
Vessel not under command
Restricted in ability to maneuver Vessel constrained by draft
Vessel engaged in fishing
Sailing vessels
Power driven vessels
Seaplanes
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Rule 18 - Power meets sail
In general, power vessels have to keep out of theway of sailing and fishing vessels, and vesselsthat are hampered by such tasks as dredging,
cable laying and so on.
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Operating rulePort:
If apower-drivenvesselapproacheswithin this
sectormaintain yourcourse andspeed with
caution.
Starboard:
If any vesselapproacheswithin thissector, keep
out of itsway. (Note:This rulemay notalways apply
if one orboth vesselsaresailboats.)
Stern: If any vesselapproaches this sector,maintain your course andspeed with caution.
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The RIGHT rule
The RIGHT rule is:
look to the right;
give way to the right; turn to the right; and
stay to the right.
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Section III - Rule 19
Conduct of Vessels in Restricted Visibility
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Rule 19: Restricted Visibility
This rule applies when navigating in or NEARan area of restricted visibility.
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Rule 19 - Restricted Visibility
Restricted visibility any condition that reducesvisibility, and includes fog, heavy rain, snow,
hail, sandstorms, etc. Fog is common on the coast of British
Columbia. A good lookout becomes evenmore vital.
Slow down and be ready to stop if you sightanother vessel or hear a fog signal.
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Rule 19: Restricted Visibility
For fog signals heard forward of the beam,reduce speed to minimum steerageway andnavigate cautiously.
Actions to take on hearing a fog signalforward of the beam can shown as:
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Part C - Lights and Shapes
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Navigation Lights
Vessels that operate from sunset to sunrise,whether at anchor or underway, must carryand exhibit the correct lights.
A vessel is underway when not anchored,moored to the shore or aground.
Navigation lights must also be displayedduring daylight hours in periods of restrictedvisibility.
All vessels must comply with the regulationsconcerning lighting.
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Navigation Lights
1. Masthead light
2. Port side light
3. Starboard side light
4. Stern light
5. Towing light
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Navigation Shapes Vessels towing, and also on the tow
Deep draft vessels
Vessel under sails but using machinery to
propel
Vessels at anchor
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Navigation Shapes All fishing vessels
In addition in the direction of her gear or nets
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Navigation Shapes
Vessel not under command
Vessel engaged
in mine clearance
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Navigation Shapes
Vessel restricted in ability to manoeuvre
Safe side to pass
Side with obstruction
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Navigation Shapes
Vessel aground
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Navigation Shapes
Vessel operating divers
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Rule 32 - Definitions
Rule 34 - Manoeuvring and Warning Signals
Rule 35 - Sound Signals in RestrictedVisibility
Rule 36 - Signals to Attract Attention
Rule 37 - Distress Signals Annexes I -V
Part D - Sound and Light Signals
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Rule 32 - Definitions
Sound signals for signals of action Signals are sounded upon rudder order
Exchanged by any vessel in proximity toanother vessel
Exchanged if vessels are in sight and
manoeuvring is required
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Rule 32 - Definitions
Short Blast- about one second duration
Long Blast - 4-6 second duration
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Rule 33 - Equipment for Sound
Signals Vessels < 100m in length: whistle and bell Vessels >= 100m in length: whistle, bell, and
gong
Vessels < 12m in length: some type of soundsignaling device
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Rule 34 - Manoeuvring and
Warning Signals Sound signals can be used by any vessel to
indicate an action they are about to take:
One short blast: I am altering course tostarboard.
Two short blasts: I am altering courseto port.
Three short blasts: My engines are goingastern.
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Rule 34 - Manoeuvring and
Warning Signals Five short blasts:
Officially - I am unsure of your intentions;
Practically - you are not following the rules; or wake up you ***** idiot.
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Rule 34: Manoeuvring and
Warning Signals - Overtaking
An overtaking situation exists when a vessel approaches anothervessel more than 22.5o abaft the beam of the overtaken vessel.
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Rule 34: Manoeuvring andWarning Signals- Crossing
At night, the stand-on vessel sees the green sidelight of the give-way vessel, and the give-way vessel sees the red sidelight ofthe stand-on vessel.
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Rule 34: Manoeuvring andWarning Signals - Meeting
A meeting situation exists if two power vessels approachon reciprocal or near reciprocal courses.
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Rule 34 - Manoeuvring and
Warning Signals Vessel shall sound one long blast when
coming to blind turn
BC Ferry in Active Pass
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Rule 35 - Sound Signals inRestricted Visibility
Power driven vessel underway and making way(T)
Power driven vessel underway and not makingway (stopped in the water) (M)
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Rule 35 - Sound Signals inRestricted Visibility
Vessel not under command, restricted in abilityto manoeuvre, sailing, fishing or towing (D)
Last vessel of a tow (B)
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Rule 35 - Sound Signals inRestricted Visibility
Pilot vessel on duty (H)
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Rule 35 - Sound Signals inRestricted Visibility
Vessels at anchor, including vessel working atanchor
Bell ringing for 5 second. If more than 100 metres
Bell ringing for 5 seconds forward then
gong sounded for 5 seconds aft. In addition may sound (R)
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Rule 35 - Sound Signals inRestricted Visibility
Vessels aground
Bell - Bell- Bell -Bell ringing for 5 seconds -
Bell - Bell - Bell. Vessel aground if more than 100 metres
Bell - Bell- Bell -Bell ringing for 5 seconds -
Bell - Bell - Bell, then gong sounded for 5seconds aft.
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Rule 35 - Sound Signals inRestricted Visibility
Vessels less than 12 metres in length shallmake an efficient sound signal at least every 2minutes.
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Rule 36 - Signals to AttractAttention
If a vessel needs to attract the attention ofanother vessel she may use a searchlight toshow direction of a danger.
However any signal must be such as not to beconfused with a navigational aid, so flashinglights or strobes are not to be used.
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Rule 37 - Distress Signals
. . . _ _ _ . . . (SOS)
MAYDAY Two tone alarmVHF-DSC