CLOTHING CARE

ANGEL COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

TIRUPUR- 641 665

Approved by AICTE, New Delhi and Affiliated to Anna University, Chennai(An ISO 9001: 2008 Certified Institution) DEPARTMENT FASHION TECHNOLOGYTWO MARKS QUESTIONS WITH ANSWER

Subject code & name: CLOTHING CARESemester & Year

: VI & IIIUNIT I1. What are the advantages of using fusible interlining?

Reduces the manufacturing time and hence the production is increased. It replaces the time needed for the basting Low the labour cost.

Reduces the operators' skill and fatigue.

Consistent quality of seams can be achieved by using laminate instead of using ordinary traditional interlining.

Fusible interlining provides alternative method of garment construction 2. What are the objects of Pressing?

To smooth away unwanted creases and crush marks

To make creases where needed

To mould the garment to the contour of the body

To prepare garments for further sewing

To finish the fabric after manufacturing

3. Give the function for thermostat in iron box

Regulate the temperature of the iron box according types of flbres. To maintain the temperature during ironing 4. Give the types of steam iron

Kettle type Flash boiler type5. Give the function of Collar and Cuff pressing m/c

To smooth away unwanted creases and crush marks To give the proper shape for Collar and Cuff 6. Give the Temperature level for ironing of various types of fabrics

FibresSafe ironing temp

Linen200C

Cotton180C

Wool160C

Silk160C

Nylon160C

Polyester160C

Acrylic120C

Rayon120C

ModacrylicNo ironing

7. What do you mean by Trouser topper?

Trouser topper is a pressing machine and it used for to press legs and waist band section of trousers simultaneously and give the proper shape for trouser.8. What is Laundering?

Laundering means removing dirt from clothes by washing and then finishing them (i.e, starching, ironing) thereby giving them a neat and clean appearance.9. What are requirements needs for fusing

The interlining used should not affect the desired aesthetic properties of the design.

The strength of the bond of the laminate must withstand subsequent operations in garment manufacturing and flexing, washing

Fusing process must take place without "strike-through" or Strike-back". ( The softened resin should not go right through the right side of the face fabric or should not come out of the interlining base cloth. These problems are called "strike-through" or Strike-back respectively)

Fusing must not cause thermal Shrinkage of the outer fabric, ( lead to improper sizing and shaping of the parts). The temperature used for fusing should not lead to sublimation of dyes which will cause shade variation between fused and un-fused parts.

Fusing must not lead to crushing of piles.

When fusing is done for some special purpose garments, it shouldn't affect the ultimate functional properties. For e.g. water proof or fire proof materials.

10. Mention the advantage of flatbed fusing machine

Simplest version and can be kept at anywhere.

Low cost when compare to other fusing machines.

Easy maintenance and less complex system.

It reduces fabric shrinkage by applying uniform pressure throughout the fusing cycle. 11. What is the role of shirt press m/c and iron box in finishing room

Shirt press m/c is process of smoothing out wrinkles and crushes marks and mould the garment to the contour of the body.

Ironing is the process of smoothing out wrinkles and/or removing moisture by Heat, Pressure and Friction, often with application of moisture or steam 12. What you understand by sole plate?

This is the base of the iron.

Its lower surface is highly polished so that it can glide smoothly over the fabric to be ironed.

In many irons there is a coating of Teflon which prevents sticking as well as corrosion13. Give the following details for house hold iron. i) Weight ii) Wattage

Weight - Not weight more than 800 grams Wattage- 750W, 220- 230V single AC phase 14. What Purpose Teflon coatings apply to sole plate in the iron box?

Teflon coating is prevents sticking as well as corrosion15. List out the resin names of used for interlining fabrics

Resins name are polyethylene, polypropylene, polyamide, polyester, poly vinyl chloride and plasticized poly vinyl acetate.16. What are the essentional requirement consider for resin used in interlining?

The temperature must not to be high which will affect the garment. The maximum temperature is 1750 C and common is 1500 C

The fusing temperature must not to be too low that the bond is inadequate to withstand.

The resin should withstand washing and dry cleaning.

The thermoplastic characteristics of the resin must not to lead to "strike-through" or Strike-back" .

It must provide desired handle and harmless.

It must be white or transparent17. Write the function of boiler in garment industry.To provide the steam for ironing, pressing, dry cleaning and fusing process.18. Define : Water hardness

The presence in water of dissolved calcium or magnesium ions, which form a scum with soap and prevent the formation of lather.19. Classify the pressing equipments.- Iron

- Steam Press

Press cladding

Collar and Cuff Press

Trouser topper

- Steam Air Finisher

Shirt and Garments finisher

- Form Finisher

- Tunnel Finisher20. What is meant by temporary and permanent hardness? Temporary hardness is a type of water hardness caused by the presence of dissolved bicarbonate minerals (calcium bicarbonate and magnesium bicarbonate). This "temporary" hardness can be reduced either by boiling the water, or by the addition of lime (calcium hydroxide) through the softening process of lime softening Permanent hardness is hardness (mineral content) that cannot be removed by boiling. When this is the case, it is usually caused by the presence of calcium sulfate and/or magnesium sulfates in the water, which do not precipitate out as the temperature increases. Ions causing permanent hardness of water can be removed using a water softener, or ion exchange column.

21. Mention the advantage of shirt pressing machine and trouser topper.

To give shape for shirts and trouser To easily remove the wrinkles and crush marks in the garment

To provide better appearance and attractiveness for the garments

More production and less labor cost

Unit II

1. Give the function surface active agents Surface active agents is a substance which lowers the surface tension of the water in which it is dissolved Or

Surfactant,also called surface-active agent,substance such as a detergent that, when added to a liquid, reduces its surface tension, thereby increasing its spreading and wetting properties

2. What do you mean by saponification? The reaction between sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide with animal fats or vegetable oils to make soap. This reaction is known as saponification3. Give the chemical structure for Sodium alkyl benzene sulphonate and sops? R O SO Na4. Define: Detergent Detergent is a synthetic cleansing agents which is made from hydrocarbons obtained from petroleum fraction. It is a kind of petrochemicals. 5. Give the % of carboxylic acid in various oils.OilsPalmitic acidSteric acidOleic acidLinolic acid

Olive oil7-151-370-853-15

Palm oil35-45540-5010

Coconut oil10-7-

Tallow3015-2540-50-

6. Give the function of brighteners and buildersBrighteners:

The brighteners absorb the invisible ultraviolet and re-radiate it as blue light.

Brighteners make fabrics appear whiter and brighter because the blue light can hide any yellowing on the fabrics. Blue light added to the yellow light reflected on old fabrics make them look white.

Builders To make bulk the soap and it is consists up to 80% in soap content. 7. What are the two parts consists for carboxylate ions in soap when its dissolved in water?a) The Head1. Negatively charged

2. Contains the C O ion (carboxylate)3. It is hydrophilic (like to dissolves water)

b) The Tail

1. Positively charged

2. It is s a long hydrocarbon chain

3. It is hydrophobic (do not like to dissolves water) 8. Write short notes on Rita-nut and Shikakai. Shikakai is a natural herbal powder derived from the fruit of the Acacia Concinna tree. The worlds original pH balanced soap

Rita nuts are a fruit of Sapindus Mukorossi trees. These trees grow in south east India, China, Indonesia and Nepal. This tree has about five to twelve species of shrubs and small tree which grow in tropical and warm climate9. Give the short notes on a) Optical brightener b) Blueing agents

Optical brightener:

The OBA s (optical brightening agents) are most widely used in textiles, paper, detergents and plastics

The optical brightening effect is obtained by the addition of light, which means that the amount of light reflected by the Fluorescent Whitening Agents (also called optical brightener) absorb high energy radiation in the ultraviolet to violet region (330nm-380nm) on the part of characteristic molecules and emit lower energy radiation in blue region in visible spectrum (400nm-450nm), which yields the counteracting the yellowing appearance. FWA should be transparent on the substrate and should not absorb the visible region of the spectrum. The OBAs are effective only when the incident light has a significance proportion (such as daylight) of UV rays. When material treated with OBAs is exposed to UV black light source, it glows in the dark. Anionic OBAs exhaust on cotton, wool and silk. cationic OBAs exhaust on acrylic and certain polyesters and nonionic OBAs are exhaust on all synthetics.

The application of a fluorescent whitening agent on textile material a "whiter than white" optical effect can be achieved. Blueing agents It is a household product used to improve the appearance of textiles, especially white fabrics. Used during laundering, it adds a trace of blue dye to the fabric. To make fabrics appear whiter and brighter because the blue light can hide any yellowing on the fabrics. 10. What do you mean by soap?

Soap is a cleaning agents produced by the reaction between sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide with animal fats or vegetable oils11. What are the two alkali used for soap making process?

The common alkalis used in soap making are sodium hydroxide (NaOH), also called caustic soda; and potassium hydroxide (KOH), and also called caustic potash.12. Give the chemical structure for soaps. General formula: RCOONa+ or The structure of a soap molecule is represented below:

CH3-CH2-CH2- CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2- CH2-CH2- CH2-CH2- CH2-CH2- CH2-CH2- COO Na+