causes of the war
DESCRIPTION
Causes of the War. Europe at Its Peak. Industrial Revolution at its peak Modernization led to sense that Europeans were at the peak of world civilization Europe had 25% of world population—highest percent of any time in history. Imperial Tensions. European nations competed for colonies. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Causes of the War](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062410/5681617a550346895dd10824/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Causes of the War
![Page 2: Causes of the War](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062410/5681617a550346895dd10824/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Europe at Its Peak• Industrial Revolution at its peak• Modernization led to sense that
Europeans were at the peak of world civilization
• Europe had 25% of world population—highest percent of any time in history
![Page 3: Causes of the War](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062410/5681617a550346895dd10824/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Imperial Tensions• European nations competed for
colonies
![Page 4: Causes of the War](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062410/5681617a550346895dd10824/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Militarism• Glorification of war and increase in
military spending• Germany competed against
England’s naval superiority
![Page 5: Causes of the War](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062410/5681617a550346895dd10824/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Nationalism• Great pride in one’s country or
aspiring to become one’s own country• Germany and Italy had only recently
become united, independent countries• Many countries torn by tensions of
different nationalist groups
![Page 6: Causes of the War](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062410/5681617a550346895dd10824/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
• Combined with militarism and imperial competition, this increased tensions in Europe
![Page 7: Causes of the War](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062410/5681617a550346895dd10824/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
The System of Alliances• Web of treaties to protect themselves• Triple Alliance: Germany, Austria-
Hungary and Italy• Triple Entente: France, Russia and
Great Britain
![Page 8: Causes of the War](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062410/5681617a550346895dd10824/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
![Page 9: Causes of the War](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062410/5681617a550346895dd10824/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
How do I possibly REMEMBER all
of that?
![Page 10: Causes of the War](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062410/5681617a550346895dd10824/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
• These are the MAIN causes for World War I
• MAIN–Militarism–Alliances–Imperialism–Nationalism
![Page 11: Causes of the War](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062410/5681617a550346895dd10824/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
War Breaks Out
![Page 12: Causes of the War](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062410/5681617a550346895dd10824/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Nationalism in the Balkans
![Page 13: Causes of the War](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062410/5681617a550346895dd10824/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Nationalism in the Balkans• People with diverse religions, ethnic
backgrounds, languages• As Ottoman Empire receded, new
nations were born• Russian and Austria competed for
colonial control of new nations• Austria-Hungary annexes Bosnia in
1908 and Serbia resents this
![Page 14: Causes of the War](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062410/5681617a550346895dd10824/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Nationalism in the Balkans
![Page 15: Causes of the War](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062410/5681617a550346895dd10824/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
The Assassination of the Archduke
![Page 16: Causes of the War](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062410/5681617a550346895dd10824/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
The Assassination of the Archduke• Archduke Francis Ferdinand of
Austria visited Bosnian capital (Sarajevo) on June 28, 1914
• 7 assassins from the Black Hand, a Serbian nationalist group, plot against him
• 19-year-old Gavrilo Princip kills the Archduke and his wife (THE SPARK)
![Page 17: Causes of the War](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062410/5681617a550346895dd10824/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
The Assassination of the Archduke
![Page 18: Causes of the War](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062410/5681617a550346895dd10824/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Austria-Hungary’s Ultimatum• Germany gave “blank check” of
military support to Austria-Hungary• Austria-Hungary’s serves ultimatum
to Serbia• Serbia refuses to let Austria-
Hungary’s officials run an investigation in Serbia
![Page 19: Causes of the War](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062410/5681617a550346895dd10824/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
• Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia July 28,1914
![Page 20: Causes of the War](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062410/5681617a550346895dd10824/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
The Alliance System Leads to War
• Russia supported Serbia and Germany supported Austria-Hungary
• Within one week, almost all of Europe plunged into war:–Germany declares war on Russia and
France–Britain declares war on Germany
![Page 21: Causes of the War](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062410/5681617a550346895dd10824/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Alliances and Fronts of the
War
![Page 22: Causes of the War](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062410/5681617a550346895dd10824/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
What has changed about the alliances????
![Page 23: Causes of the War](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062410/5681617a550346895dd10824/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
The Alliances• Allied Powers — Britain, France ,
Russia, Belgium• Central Powers — Germany, Austria-
Hungary, Bulgaria, Ottoman Empire
![Page 24: Causes of the War](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062410/5681617a550346895dd10824/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
The Western Front• Germany tried to take France quickly
in the Western Front and then turn to fight Russia (Schlieffen Plan)
• Instead, battle lines formed in northeastern France and changed little (stalemate)
• Miles of trenches built (trench warfare)
![Page 25: Causes of the War](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062410/5681617a550346895dd10824/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
The Western Front
![Page 26: Causes of the War](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062410/5681617a550346895dd10824/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Battles Along the Western Front• Long, bloody battles: Verdun—
680,000 casualties • Somme—over 1 million casualties
![Page 27: Causes of the War](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062410/5681617a550346895dd10824/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
The Eastern Front• Lack of modern technology caused
Russia enormous defeats• Led to Bolshevik
(Russian)Revolution• Treaty signed with revolutionary
government in Russia—lost one-fourth of territory
![Page 28: Causes of the War](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062410/5681617a550346895dd10824/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
The Eastern Front
Brest-Litvosk Treaty
![Page 29: Causes of the War](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062410/5681617a550346895dd10824/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
The Balkan Front• The Allies abandoned attempts to land in
Balkans after losing battles to Ottoman Empire (ex. Gallipoli)
The Italian Front• Italians joined the Triple Entente in 1915
and fought Austria-Hungary
![Page 30: Causes of the War](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062410/5681617a550346895dd10824/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
The War Ends• 1917 – USA enters war – replaces
Russia in Triple Entente• Bulgaria and the Ottoman Empire
were first Central Powers to be defeated
• Revolts inside Austria-Hungary and Germany helped end the war quickly
![Page 31: Causes of the War](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062410/5681617a550346895dd10824/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
New Weapons
Used in the War
![Page 32: Causes of the War](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062410/5681617a550346895dd10824/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
![Page 33: Causes of the War](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062410/5681617a550346895dd10824/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
The Machine Gun• Modern industry replaced the single-
fire, short-range rifle• British machine guns fired 8 round
per second, at a distance of 2,900 yards
![Page 34: Causes of the War](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062410/5681617a550346895dd10824/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Artillery• Greater power and carried shells much
further• 24 million shells used in the Battle of
Verdun alone
![Page 35: Causes of the War](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062410/5681617a550346895dd10824/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
![Page 36: Causes of the War](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062410/5681617a550346895dd10824/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
![Page 37: Causes of the War](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062410/5681617a550346895dd10824/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Weapons of the Industrial Age• 75 different types of poison-gas used
(1st time – 1915 2nd Battle of Ypres)• Flame throwers• Tanks (first used in 1916) • Airplanes• U-Boats
![Page 38: Causes of the War](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062410/5681617a550346895dd10824/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
![Page 39: Causes of the War](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062410/5681617a550346895dd10824/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
![Page 40: Causes of the War](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062410/5681617a550346895dd10824/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
![Page 41: Causes of the War](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062410/5681617a550346895dd10824/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Casualties of Modern Weaponry• Tactics of sending masses of men
toward enemy didn’t work against modern weapons (No Man’s Land)
• Britain suffered 57,470 casualties on the first day of the Battle of Somme
• Total losses for WWI exceeded 10 million
![Page 42: Causes of the War](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062410/5681617a550346895dd10824/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
The Reality of Soldiers’
Lives
![Page 43: Causes of the War](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062410/5681617a550346895dd10824/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
![Page 44: Causes of the War](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062410/5681617a550346895dd10824/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Patriotic Fervor• Many Europeans looked forward to
war at the start
Attitudes Change• Soldiers changed Europeans’
optimistic fervor through letters about the horrors of war
![Page 45: Causes of the War](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062410/5681617a550346895dd10824/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
The Return Home• No crowds or heroes’ welcome after
the war
![Page 46: Causes of the War](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062410/5681617a550346895dd10824/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
Trench Warfare
![Page 47: Causes of the War](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062410/5681617a550346895dd10824/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
![Page 48: Causes of the War](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062410/5681617a550346895dd10824/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
![Page 49: Causes of the War](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062410/5681617a550346895dd10824/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
The Race to the Sea• 475 miles of trenches were dug across
northern France• British troops used over 10 million
shovels during the war
![Page 51: Causes of the War](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062410/5681617a550346895dd10824/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
Life in the Trenches• Charging over the top, crossing no
man’s land to reach enemy trenches• Boring, terrifying and caused shell
shock• Horrible living conditions
![Page 52: Causes of the War](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062410/5681617a550346895dd10824/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
Effect of the War on the Home Front
![Page 53: Causes of the War](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062410/5681617a550346895dd10824/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
![Page 54: Causes of the War](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062410/5681617a550346895dd10824/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
Mobilizing for Total War• Civilians back home made huge
sacrifices• Governments controlled industries,
rationing• Propaganda and Censorship used
often
![Page 55: Causes of the War](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062410/5681617a550346895dd10824/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
New Jobs for Women• Worked in jobs traditionally held only
by men, who were at the front• Number in paid employment rose by
over one million• Worked in paramilitary organizations
to support soldiers at front
![Page 56: Causes of the War](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062410/5681617a550346895dd10824/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
Women’s Wages• Paid less than men for same work• Industrial and civil work provided
better pay and working hours than traditional jobs
![Page 57: Causes of the War](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062410/5681617a550346895dd10824/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
Women’s Changing Role• Women discovered the benefits of
financial autonomy and greater mobility
• Some refused to return to domestic service
• Women won right to vote throughout Europe
![Page 58: Causes of the War](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062410/5681617a550346895dd10824/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
The Paris Peace
Conference
![Page 59: Causes of the War](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062410/5681617a550346895dd10824/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
Signing of the Treaty of Versailles
![Page 60: Causes of the War](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062410/5681617a550346895dd10824/html5/thumbnails/60.jpg)
Peace of Justice• Leaders of Allied and Central powers
met at the Palace of Versailles• President Wilson’s 14 Points
supported self-determination for all nations and a just peace
![Page 61: Causes of the War](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062410/5681617a550346895dd10824/html5/thumbnails/61.jpg)
Peace of Vengeance• Italy and Britain wanted territory• France wanted to punish Germany• Italy and United States left, leaving
peace settlement to France and Britain• Wilson - Pressure by United States for
Policy of Isolationism
![Page 62: Causes of the War](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062410/5681617a550346895dd10824/html5/thumbnails/62.jpg)
Treaty of Versailles with Germany• France and Britain created a severe
treaty that punished Germany• Germany had to:
–Return Alsace-Lorraine region to France–Keep area near France, called Rhineland,
demilitarized–Pay war reparations of 32 billion dollars–Agree to war guilt clause
![Page 63: Causes of the War](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062410/5681617a550346895dd10824/html5/thumbnails/63.jpg)
The New Europe• Treaties similar to Germany’s signed
with other Central Powers• Many countries experienced a change
in their borders• Bulgaria, Austria-Hungary, Germany
and Russia lost territory• Many new countries were created
![Page 64: Causes of the War](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062410/5681617a550346895dd10824/html5/thumbnails/64.jpg)
The New Europe