causes of the rwandan genocide of 1994. once, hutus and tutsis lived in harmony in central africa....

Hotel RwandaCauses of the Rwandan GenocideOf 1994

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Origins of conflict

Once, Hutus and Tutsis lived in harmony in Central Africa. About 600 years ago, Tutsis, a tall, warrior people, moved south from Ethiopia. Though much smaller in number, they conquered the Hutus, who agreed to raise crops for them in return for protection.

Hutus and Tutsis

Belgian Colony Favored Tutsis - taller, longer necks,

slimmer noses, more European Tutsis become elite minority(15%) Tutsi Monarchy Hutus become oppressed majority (85%)

Identity Cards Issued by Belgians in 1933

Hutus & Tutsis

Independence 1962 end of colonialism, Rwanda becomes a republic with a

Hutu majority Incidents of revenge, Hutus

attacking Tutsis But, most live in peace Intermarriage, etc.

1973 Coup

Click icon to add pictureDefense Minister Habyarimana seizes power in a military coup.

Promotes Hutu Power to justify his dicatorship.

But most Rwandans continue to identify themselves as “Mixed” in Census Polls.

Tensions Grow

1979 RPF Rwandan Patriotic Front Tutsi rebels 1990 they invade Rwanda President agrees to power sharing arrangement

Interhamwe - Hutu militia Secretly funded by military Allowed to run wild

Rwandan Army - Funded by France

Hutu Power

Militant Hutu leaders fear losing power to RPF.

Whip up old suspicions and hatreds. Exploit Hutu identity for political gain.

Assassination of President Habyarimana

Arusha Accords between the Rwandan government and the RPF was brokered by the UN

April 6, 1994 - On his return from signing in Tanzania, the Rwandan presidents plane is shot down.

Tutsi rebels (RPF) are blamed. But could have been Interhame or the military

Trigger cause for the genocide. “Cut the tall trees”

GENOCIDEApril to July 1994

800,000 to 1 millionTutsis and moderate Hutus

Were systematically killedBy the Hutus




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Murambi Technical School

What Did the World Community Do

-The UN appeared largely detached from the realities on the ground.- Focus on evacuating only foreign nationals from Rwanda- Belgian peacekeepers forced to

abandon a technical school filled with 2,000 refugees, while Hutu militants waited outside, drinking beer and chanting "Hutu Power."

- After the Belgians left, the militants entered the school and massacred those inside, including hundreds of children.

?

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hutu_Power

The Limited Role of the UN

UNAMIR - UN African Mission for Rwanda

Ignores abuses of Hutu gov’t

Peacekeepers can’t shoot

Intervention Force focuses on protecting foreign nationals

Troops w/drawn after 10 Belgians killed

The Response of the World Community

"I still believe that if an organisation decided to wipe out the 320 mountain gorillas there would be still more of a reaction by the international community…than in attempting to protect thousands of human beings being slaughtered in the same country.” Dallaire

Why Was America Reluctant to Help?

July 1994

America Still reeling from BHD

Reluctant to commit ground troops

The World Got It Wrong

Hutus Flee Rwanda

World community reaches out to aid them

UN Refugee Camps controlled by Hutu militants

Rwanda Today



Books and Beyond Program

Rwandan Schools form partnership with a school in New Jersey

English replaces French in classrooms


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PRESIDENTKAGAME

Click icon to add picture2000 to Present

Tutsi

RPF

Leader of liberation forces

Critical of Western Response to

Genocide

Believes in Capitalism and Free Markets

Rwanda Economic success story, but little political freedom

The Mille Colline

causes of the rwandan genocide of 1994. once, hutus and tutsis lived in harmony in central africa....

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