causes of the american revolution 1) imperialism: great britain and the colonists have different...
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Causes of the American Revolution
1) Imperialism: Great Britain and the colonists have different goals. Method of rule in the colonies begins to change as a result.
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Causes of the American Revolution
2) Enlightenment: a) Social Contract Theory of John Lockeb) Natural rightsc) Duty of government:d) Challenge authority
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Causes of the American Revolution
3) Great Awakening:a) Widespreadb) passionate beliefc) Sense of equalityd) willingness to challenge authority
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Causes of the American Revolution3) French-Indian War:a) GB is broke.b) Increased taxes and controlc) Colonist resist taxes and control.d) Tension exists and increased over time
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Causes of the American Revolution
4) Virtual Representation:The House of Commons represented all British subjects wherever they were.
George Grenville
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Causes of the American Revolution
5) Right to Self-Tax:According to British Law taxation could not exist without consent.
Self imposed taxes were customary in the colonies.
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Taxes
External Taxes: imposed to regulate trade. Parliament
Internal Taxes: imposed to raise revenue. Colonial legislatures
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Consent of the Governed
A condition urged by many as a requirement for legitimate government: that the authority of a government should depend on the consent of the people, as expressed by votes in elections. See
Declaration of Independence, democracy, and John Locke.)
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Rights
Where do natural or inalienable rights come from?
How do we know?What are they?How can they be known?How can they be protected?
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Acts and Laws that cause tensionDeclaratory Act:
Parliament has the right to legislate for the colonies in all cases whatsoever.◦(mercantilism, imperialism)
What is good for England is policy!
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Acts and Laws that cause tensionTownsend Duties
Taxes paid by importer and pass on to the consumer.◦Glass, tea, lead, paper, paint
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Acts and Laws that cause tensionQuartering Act:
◦Required colonies to furnish shelter and provisions for British troops.
◦Later expanded to putting soldiers into private homes.
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Acts and Laws that cause tensionProclamation of 1763:No settlers West of Appalachian Mts.
GB is trying to avoid Indian Wars.
Increased unrest in the colonies
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Boycotts, Activism, Tension
Nonconsumption: Boycott of British goods.
Treatment of tax collectors:
Mob rule:Tar and feathering:
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Boston Massacre: March 5, 17705 dead 11 wounded9 soldiers tried for murder in Boston
7 acquitted2 convicted of manslaughterJohn Adams, Josiah Quincey
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Boston Tea Party Dec. 16, 1773
100-150 men Dump Tea into Boston Harbor
Leads to the Coercive Acts
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Committees of Correspondence
System of communication put in place to link the colonies, cities and towns to news and events.
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Acts and Laws that cause tensionCoercive Acts
◦Port of Boston closed◦Parliaments supremacy enhanced◦Power of Royal Gov. expanded◦Councils are now appointed◦Representation is gone◦Trials of capital crimes in England or Canada.
◦Military Rule
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First Continental Congress
Organized through committees of correspondence to respond to British actions.
Not elected positionsNot recognized by GB
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First Continental Congress
Declaration of Rights:◦Peace◦Liberty◦Security◦Representation◦Acknowledge GB regulation of trade
◦Self-taxation
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First Continental Congress
Committees of Public Safety:
Created by Continental Congress to enforce the boycott of British goods that they organized.
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Legitimacy???
Committees of Correspondence
Committees of Public Safety
Continental Congress◦British view:◦Patriot view:
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Battle of Lexington and ConcordApril 19, 1775“Shot Heard Around the World”
First Fighting of the WarAmerican Victory
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Terms:LibertyTyrannyMilitiaVirtual
RepresentationConsent of the
governedExternal TaxesInternal TaxesConvictedAcquittal
ManslaughterCitizenSubjectInalienable rightsCommon LawConstitutionParliamentEnlightenmentDespotismAbsolutism