catastrophe preparedness: what are the local and state-level barriers? iaem 2014 conference
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Catastrophe Preparedness: What are the Local and State-Level Barriers? IAEM 2014 CONFERENCE. Rick Bissell, PhD Scott Wells, MS, CEM Jim Judge, CEM. Objectives. Define and describe catastrophe Describe research findings Describe and assess federal catastrophe readiness - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Catastrophe Preparedness:What are the Local and State-
Level Barriers?IAEM 2014 CONFERENCE
Rick Bissell, PhDScott Wells, MS, CEM
Jim Judge, CEM
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Objectives
• Define and describe catastrophe• Describe research findings • Describe and assess federal catastrophe
readiness• Discuss importance of local self-sufficiency• Discuss barriers to state and local prep for
catastrophes• Describe several “successful” programs
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Catastrophe Definition
• A catastrophe is an extreme event that overwhelms the nation’s ability to respond effectively using its own resources. – Could be rapid or slow onset– Outside assistance needed– Internal and external sequelae– Hypercomplex
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Complications/Challenges
• Too large for any one entity to control• Many jurisdictions and levels• Complex dynamics/interactions• Hard-to-predict decision impacts• Demands exceed supply• Massive local isolation• Local knowledge but distant resources
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Complications/Challenges - 2
• Vastly insufficient # of responders• Responders and law enforcement among
victims• Long wait for outside resources• Competition for scarce resources• Lack of household self-sufficiency• Conventional response mechanisms are not
sufficient
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Complications/Challenges - 3
• Outmigration & those left behind• Mass resettlement• Lack of international agreements• Media coverage can impact response
operations• NIMS compliance
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Federal Efforts & Changes
• Scenario-based explorations to examine needs– Mega earthquake, i.e. New Madrid– Mega hurricane, S. Florida– Improvised nuclear device– Pandemic
• Move to capability-based planning and prep• “Whole Community” concept• Focus on volunteers and private sector
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Federal Efforts and Changes - 2
• Integrated Planning program– 15 planning scenarios– To-down approach
• Catastrophic Planning Program– Bottom-up in New Madrid Seismic Zone– South Florida
• PPD-8
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Hypercomplexity Approach
• Modern society is hypercomplex with myriad linkages and interdependencies
• Private business and science may better understand linkages and interdependencies better than emergency managers
• Thorough use of non-government actors in planning and implementation
• Rapid reflection force
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Conundra
• Local level has most knowledge of needs, the affected environment, and responsibility for direct services
• Has least access to:– Resources– Big picture– Trained logisticians and communications experts– Ability to re-direct resource flows
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Conundra - 2
• Federal government has access to resources and expertise, but– Unity of effort is difficult to achieve on a national
scale (Authorities are shared among all levels of government)
– Often has little understanding of local needs or capabilities
– Has performance responsibilities but insufficient personnel
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Conundra - 3
Federal, continued• Habit of legalistic rather than outcomes-based
decisions• Not a primary mission for virtually all federal
departments
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Barriers – State Level Planning
• Small states have limited resources• Erroneous belief in self-sufficiency• Erroneous belief in “manna from Heaven”• Conflicting/changing federal
plans/programs/requirements• Lack of experience/high turnover• Filling potholes is more important than writing
emergency plans
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Barriers – State Implementation
• Thin resources• Little control over crucial assets– Federal highways– Airports– International border crossings– Communications allocations– Interstate waterways
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Barriers – City/County Planning
• Lack of resources/expertise• Belief in “manna from state”• Conflicting state/federal regulations, priorities,
and funding requirements
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Barriers- City/County Implementation
• Resources quickly overwhelmed• Failure to see citizens as resources• Thinly spread human resources– Rapid expansion very difficult
• Limited domain over crucial resources
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Avenues to Explore
• Greater incorporation of – PVOs, churches, universities, private business– Health care sector at all levels– Multi-jurisdictional planning committees– Response and recovery planning– Family and business preparedness programs– Neighborhood block programs – Technology advances (i.e. GIS)
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Avenues to Explore - 2
• Formation of local/state science/tech rapid advice panel
• Development of citizen response groups– Citizen Corps– Maryland Responds
• Development of methods and plans for incorporating spontaneous volunteers
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Avenues to Explore - 3
• Review/revise liability laws re volunteers• New doctrine
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Vignette of a Successful County
• County to be selected by Jim Judge
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Open Discussion
• How can we improve our ability to help our populations survive and recover from catastrophic disasters?
• How can we integrate “catastrophe thinking” into routine planning, training, equipping and testing activities?
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Open Discussion - 2
• Are we being too critical? Should expectations be lowered?
• How can we reduce the feeling that we’re all alone in this process?
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Thank you!
• Rick Bissell, [email protected]
• Scott Wells, MS, CEM [email protected]• Jim Judge, CEM [email protected]