QUARTERLY NEWS EDITED BY CATAS YEAR 16 / N. 03 SEPTEMBER 2011

Management, Editing and AdministrationCATAS spaVia Antica, 24/333048 San Giovanni al NatisoneUdine / ItalyTel. 0432 747211Fax 0432 747250www.catas.com

PresidentMichele Bressan

Managing DirectorAndrea Giavon

Coordination CATAS NewsFranco BulianFranco PreteLuca Bertossi

Design Deeper ComunicationUdine / Italy

Layout and graphics Maurizio MarussiAnnamaria Franz

Reproduction or duplication of the contents of this quarterly on any support is authorized under condition that the source - © CATAS - San Giovanni al Natisone - Udine - Italy is being cited All rights reserved

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03in this issue

04 FORUM CATAS: Tecnoscenarios in evolution

08 VOC emissions from building products. Important news from Germany and France

10 Another new agreement between CATAS and EPH

11 Thesis at CATAS - Factors affecting the thermal conductivity of different types of plywood

12 Also CATAS gives the kick-off to the International University Course on wood and furniture

13 Formaldehyde: legislation and certification

14 WORKING GROUP 9 at work15 How much does a coating penetrate

into wood? 18 ...the retiring moment has arrived for a

column of CATAS 19 Publications

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0 4

0 8

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As part of the courses and seminars scheduled for the next year 2012, CATAS has organized an important event dedicated to

furniture innovation called the Scientific and Technical Forum.

This FORUM is organized during a peculiar moment of the wood-furniture sector life in which the demands for change are ac-

companied by objective difficulties not only related to investments but also to choices and perspectives for the future.

This event will be an opportunity to allow special insights on some specific subjects with purely technical and scientific informa-

tion as they are based on objective data. The purpose of this Forum is to bring more knowledge on new technologies so as to

provide manufacturers about possible opportunities available.

It is also important to note that the Forum will also be an opportunity to meet and dialogue for all stakeholders. Among the va-

rious specificities of CATAS, in fact, has always represented a meeting point between technology providers and producers, with

the birth of the Forum this mission will be further amplified and structured, as the intention is to periodically repeat this event.

In order to guarantee the innovative nature and the scientific background of the papers that will be presented in the Forum, the

CATAS Management has appointed a Scientific Committee composed of leading experts in this field. The Committee will then

have the important task of defining the program of the Forum also considering the specificity of the audience represented by

companies that operate with CATAS.

The meeting will take place in the CATAS laboratory of San Giovanni al Natisone that provides the ideal location for this event.

The FORUM is programmed in one day, divided into two sessions devoted to topics of particular relevance. Further information

can be found at the web-site of CATAS (www.catas.com) as well as in other parts of this and of the next issues of CATAS News.

FORUM CATAS Tecnoscenarios in evolution

Annamaria FranzFranco Bulian

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Annamaria Franz

CATAS organizes the first scientific-technical Forum dedi-cated to furniture innovation. This is a unique event for the industry representing also a special occasion for further stu-dies, discussions and dialogue.

CATAS has always represented a meeting point between technology suppliers and producers: the first come to the lab to qualify their materials and technologies, the latter to increase the performance of their finished product. With the birth of the Forum, which is then part of CATAS DNA, this mission becomes stronger, easier and more effective.

How it worksThe most important producers of machinery, suppliers of technology and materials for the wood and furniture sector present their most recent innovations.

The Scientific Committee selects their proposals assessing technical contents, degree of innovation and potential inte-rest for the audience, which is part of the CATAS network.

CATAS head offices give the ideal setting to this event, which represents on one side a strongly technical event and on the other side an occasion to exchange information and knowledge among operators.

The FORUM lasts one day, being divided into two consecu-tive sessions devoted to different “hot” subjects. 1st session: Batch 1, batch 100, batch 1000. From customized product to mass production. Techno-logies and materials to optimize competitiveness

The rising of the quality level of the Italian furniture produc-tion in conjunction with the disadvantages deriving from the

shift of the low-cost mass-production toward developing countries has caused a general decrease of the number of lots with the diffusion of small batches productions. Cost reduction strategies forced a new design of the production units layout forced to fulfil the just-in-time demand. Conti-nuous reduction of due times has increased the need for versatile and multifunction machines, easy to be managed with a fast to set up and capable to do different working activities.A further optimization bound is represented by the utilisa-tion of automatic systems for the detection of defects in the production line. This new concept allows both the saving of human resources that are presently dedicated to quality control at the end of the line, and the adoption of objective criteria to define quality standards, being also possibly sha-red with customers.

2nd Session: Panels and covering materials with speci-fic performance to meet the needs of the future furnitu-re market

The wood based panels industry demonstrates a conside-rable production capacity considering that only in the area of particleboards, the European production has reached 5 Mm3/year.This important sector is also able to respond to specific de-mands thanks to the availability of numerous design solu-tions. As an example, it is possible to consider the use of ho-neycomb boards, which is increasing in horizontal solutions.This application that require in principle good mechanical strength is now possible in consequence of the continuous improvement of the performance of such kind of panels. The technologies for the covering of the panels are also ra-pidly developing both in terms of surface and edges.

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Annamaria Franz

FORUM CATAS Tecnoscenarios in evolution

The Scientific Committee of the forum evaluates the content of the proposals and selects those that are characterized by a high degree of innovation and scientific soundness. The Com-mittee is composed of 6 members.

Become a SpeakerIf you are a supplier of the furniture chain, you are invited to consider this important opportunity to present the scientific content of your innovation to a wide audience of potential users.CATAS has always been a partner of the companies of the wood furniture sector oriented to improve their product and qualifying their performance. More than 1,500 customers are official memberships of the Institute confirming the confiden-ce in our expertise. The purpose of the Forum is to introduce your idea to a wide number of companies, so that it can then be put into practice to improve their activities.

15 minutes are given to present the proposal, even already developed and available on the market, through the use of slides or any other possible system.After the presentation, 10 minutes are left for questions and possible comments.All presentations will be collected in the proceedings of the Forum, which will be distributed to the participants.

The organization of the Forum pays special attention to the possibility of interaction between these different actors (com-panies-speakers).

To submit your innovative solution, see the layout in the sec-tion and send us your report directly through the web site.The deadline for the collection of the reports is the 31st Oc-tober 2011.As a speaker you will be entitled:

To be registered for free to the FORUM (including coffee bre-aks and lunch); To receive a copy of the proceedings.The costs for the transfer and for the possible stay in S. Gio-vanni al Natisone are not covered by CATAS.

Your PresentationThe topic of the presentation shall be a process/product/ma-terial already developed and available on the market. It must have high scientific value. Each speaker will introduce his pre-sentation to the public with the help of slide show or other explanatory material.

The presentation will last 15 minutes, followed by 10 minutes of debate. The official language of the congress is Italian. We accept submissions in English, as a simultaneous translation from English into Italian will be provided.

The deadline for the collection of presentations is October 31st, 2011.

You will receive a communication from the Scientific Commit-tee on the availability of the session before November 15th, 2011.All selected presentations will be collected in the proceedings of the Forum, which will be distributed to participants.In order to allow the Scientific Committee to evaluate your proposal, please send an explanatory document in PDF for-mat. Do not send the slides of the presentation. Follow the instructions below reported to write-down your presentation.

How to send your presentationThe topic shall have a real value of scientific and technical in-novation. The following points must be always present in the document that you will send us:

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MEMBERS OF THE SCIENTIFIC COMMETTEE

Babuin Egidio, University of TriesteStefano Berti, CNR-Florence IVALSAFranco Bulian, CATAS SpAGaetano Castro, CRA of Casale MonferratoAndrea Giavon, CATAS SpARoberto Zanuttini, University of Turin

The Secretariat of the Forum opens from 8.00 to 12.00 and from 14.00 to 17.00 Monday to Thursday, Friday from 8.00 to 12.00. You can contact us by e-mail writing to formazione@catas.com or phone n ° 0039-0432-747241.

Annamaria Franz

Title: A title that briefly and clearly describes the presentation content.

Summary: Brief description of presentation content.

Description of the innovation: A description of the techno-logy / process / material / product, citing its operating principle on which the main features and elements involved. If available, give results of tests / analysis / tests, and / or statistical data on performance.

Applications: List of fields of application innovation, spe-cifying those already successfully tested and those reasona-bly possible or being tested.

Advantages: A quick summary and detailed the benefits of technology / process / material / product, in absolute terms and / or in a comparative manner than what exists already on

the market.

Presentations reporting commercial promotions of any kind will be rejected. Company name can be reproduced without commercial purposes. Trademarks, etc. should not be inser-ted in the presentation, as well as the advertising of new pro-ducts. The presentation should not refer to other documents/articles or be an already well-known technology/process/ma-terial.

Presentations should not be too long (maximum 10 pages in Arial 10pt, single spaced).For the promotion of the Congress, the only title and summary will be published as received, except for a slight editorial re-vision for any possible grammatical mistakes. Presentations can be written in Italian or in English language.

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Franco Bulian

VOC emissions from building products. Important news from Germany and France

IntroductionThe health and safety of people in indoor environments are influenced not only by climate but also by the potential pre-sence of air pollutants.Pollutants can come from many sources, such as cigarette smoke, fireplaces, preparation of foods, perfumes, etc. Even furniture and building materials used in constructions (floors, ceilings, walls, etc.) can emit harmful substances for the health of the occupants.Formaldehyde is certainly the best-known example of a sub-stance that can be released from the materials present inside houses, offices, schools and other indoor living environments. Test methods and limits for this substance had already been developed, allowing the market to verify the conformity of the products.Formaldehyde is not the only substance that can be emitted from furniture or building products as the materials with which they are made of can contain several other volatile compoun-ds. These substances tend, during time, to gradually be relea-sed in the environment in which finished products are placed.

The knowledge of these emissions and their control is beco-ming a particularly sensitive subject for the market because of the increased attention to the safety of finished products. Also at EU level a technical committee of CEN, TC 351, which is responsible for establishing test methods and limits the po-tential for harmful substances released from building mate-rials.

Compounds that can be emitted from the materials used for constructions can be normally classified as:- VOCs: volatile organic compounds;- VVOC: very volatile organic compounds, which are rapidly released after the installation of a material:- SVOC: Semi-volatile organic compounds, which can be par-ticularly persistent, being slowly, released over time;- Formaldehyde: deriving especially from adhesives or other materials made of urea-formaldehyde resins

There are also other compounds that can result from micro-biological activity (MVOC) or special treatments that can be applied to the wood (e.g., wood treatment with ammonia).All of these substances, or groups of substances, may have a negative impact on air quality and consequently on the he-alth of the users living in indoor environments where they are present.Notwithstanding the attention payed by the ‘European Union, two Member States have recently already published specific regulations on this matter that producers from other Countries must know and respect in order to freely export their products.

GermanyThe German regulation on volatile substances emission from building materials has its origin in the European Directive for CE marking of construction products. The directive establi-shes that any construction product shall not cause any dama-ge to the occupants of a building.As the EU did not specifically detail this requirement with re-spect to emissions, Germany decided to establish a special

task force set up by government authorities that deal with he-alth and safety. This working group, called AgBB, has conse-quently defined a regulation, which sets test methods, limits and procedure of control for VOC emissions from building materials.It is well known that building materials (e.g. flooring) marke-ted in Europe shall be labelled with the CE mark, but to be installed in German buildings, these products must be further approved by the DIBt (a technical body that deals with the German Federal Building) after meeting the additional require-ments on emissions mentioned above.The process of obtaining approval is called Allgemeine Bauaufsichtliche Zulassung (ABZ).The manufacturer must initially provide to DiBt an accurate technical data about the product to be approved, including the complete chemical composition of the coating used.The chemical composition is needed for several purposes:

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1) identification of the product2) setting up an adequate monitoring program3) checking if hazardous substances are used in the produc-tion process.If not-allowed substances are present as ingredients (e.g. car-cinogens or mutagens) the request is immediately rejected.In the first step is positively passed, the process can pro-ceed with a test of VVOC, VOC and SVOC emission. If the construction product also contains resins based on formal-dehyde, DIBt requires a further control about the emission of this substance.These tests and the following inspections in the company must be performed by an organization officially recognized and authorized by the DIBt.If all the procedure is successful, products can be marked with a “U”, which in German means “Übereinstimmung” ‘compliance’.

FranceFrance has recently published a law which aim is to take in consideration the emission of hazardous substances from building materials. A first regulation, in force since 2010, had already established limits for some specific substances,

which are particularly dangerous because they belong to the group of so-called CMR (carcinogenic, mutagenic or toxic for reproduction).The new French law, however, establishes that all construc-tion products shall be labelled with a letter related to their of emissions of all VOCs.This procedure, which will start from the beginning of 2012, includes the following building materials:• Walls, ceilings, floor coverings;• Ceiling panels for partitions;• Insulation materials;• Doors and windows;• All products used for the installation of the products listed above.Every product on the market must be labelled with an indi-cation of the class based on its emission of VOCs after 28 days. The classes are divided into A + (the one with the lower

emissions), A, B and C.The tests must be performed a chamber in accordance with the standard EN ISO 16000.

Requirements

The emissions of the samples must be analyzed within the test chamber, after 3 days, and after 28 days.

The requirements to be met are different:1 - After 3 days the concentration of carcinogenic compounds shall not exceed 10 μg/m3.2 - After 3 days the total emissions of VOC shall not exceed 10 mg/m3.3 - After 28 days the concentration of carcinogenic compounds shall not exceed 1 μg/m3. 4 - After 28 days the total emissions of VOC shall not exceed 1 mg/m3.5 - Values “Ri” must be less than 1.Ri = Ci (concentration of the substance “i”) / LCI (Lowest Concentration of Interest for that substance *)6 - the sum of all “Ri”, shall not to exceed 1.

(*) LCI (in German NIK = Niedrigste Interessierende Konzentrationen) are values above which there may be negative effects for the po-

pulation. For many substances those limits are 10 times lower than those normally considered for the exposure of workers.

Franco Bulian

all measures in μg/m3

10

Andrea Giavon

Another new agreement between CATAS and EPH

The collaboration with EPH (Entwicklungs und Pruflabor Holztechnologie Gmbh) of Dresden is active from many years having

had the first important official step when in October 2008 an agreement with our institution was signed in regard to surveillance

and testing for the CARB. After that date and because of the Agreement, CATAS shortly became the first Italian TPC (Third

Party Certifier) for the certification of the production of wood-based panels that comply with the requirements imposed by the

authorities of the state of California.

Since then, the activities and collaboration on this topic has continued successfully with some natural changes due to the in-

creased analytical capacity (in quantitative terms) of CATAS.

From the beginning of 2011, Germany has introduced a law to restrict and control VOC (Volatile Organic Compounds) emission

from wood-based materials and specifically from wooden flooring products.

This law being inserted into the Bauproduktengesetz (national transposition of the Directive on construction products) and

Landesbauordnungen (Building Regulation of the land LBO) provides a procedure for these aspects of surveillance, testing and

certification of the materials mentioned above, produced or imported into Germany.

When we heard about this new law, we contacted our reference persons at EPHA-IHD asking explanations how the above

process works. Due to the fact that wooden flooring products are important for Italian industry and for CATAS activities as well,

we asked the German institute, if we could somehow act as “subcontractors” for the purposes of the German legislation in Italy.

At our request followed a fast, modern and practical proposal to further co-operation agreement. The draft agreement on which

we worked has been found a total agreement on principles (already established from the previous) and after a normal exchange

of readings and additions (technical and editorial) in late July, we proceeded to sign the agreement.

The agreement provides that CATAS become “partner” of EPH with regard to supervision functions, acquiring, receiving and

processing requests from manufacturers for testing, monitoring and certification of wood-based floors in the Italian territory

and the nearby Slovenia. The agreement requires that the persons responsible for inspection in the company as well as being

“senior experts” be adequately trained in all aspects from fellow German counterparts. Once these steps made our work will be

technically independent, subject to the requirement of sending the company’s audit documentation written in English.

From this it is clear that also this agreement between the two institutes is based on a practical and immediate operation that

spells out in an exemplary manner the principles of collaboration between different countries. I think it goes without saying that

Italian companies that want to pursue the path of export of their products (wooden flooring) in Germany have now the unique

advantage of a partner who speaks their language and whose competence in this sector has a real recognition in addition to

the declarations of esteem.

This is the “cultural” path that our Institute is taking forever and ever with greater determination and conviction. These may

seem like small steps, but are distinctive and I think examples of how to work together with clarity and with the benefit of all

when common ground lies the ethics and competence.

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Paolo Tirelli

Thesis at CATAS - Factors affecting the ther-

mal conductivity of different types of plywood.

IntroductionThis article is a short summary of a thesis deriving from the collaboration among CATAS, the University of Trieste (graduating student: Alice Santi) and PANGUANETA Spa (an Italian plywood manufacturer). It is based on the common desire and need to deepen the knowledge on the most important parameters influencing the thermal conductivity of plywood panels.The European normative context (harmonized standard EN 13986 in respect of the Directive 89/106/EEC on building products) and also the national legislations (e.g.: Italian “Legge 10”), pay a considerable attention to the energy efficiency of buildings. As a consequence, the manufacturers shall know and declare the thermal performance of the products used for constructions.

Scope and methodologyThe different objectives of this study are summarized in the following list:- to investigate the influence of different wood species on thermal conductivity;- to assess the effect of different moisture content and density values on conductivity;- to analyze the influence of different constructive solutions (for plywood produced with the same wood specie);- to compare the experimental results with the literature data obtained from published standards (e.g.: UNI EN ISO 10456).In order to achieve these objectives six types of plywood were analyzed as presented in the following table.

The experiments were organized in order to characterize the panels at the following conditions:a) Not conditioned (as delivered by the producer)b) After conditioning, to constant weight, in climatic room at 20°C and 65% r.h.c) After conditioning, to constant weight, in climatic room at 23°C and 90% r.h.d) After conditioning, to constant weight, in climatic room at 20°C and 35% r.h.For each type of panel and condition the following properties have been determined:- density- moisture content- thermal conductivity and resistance by means of experimental tests- thermal conductivity and resistance by means of theoretical calculations.

ResultsThe most important results obtained by this study are shortly summarised as follows:1. It was demonstrated that thermal insulation strongly depends on the wood specie used (e.g. poplar panels showed the hi-ghest values of thermal resistance. This evidence is confirmed by the data of composite panels okoumè/poplar as, for the same panel thickness, they showed a higher thermal resistance than that of okoumè panels.2. The thermal insulation of panels produced with the same material, number of layers and thickness but with different thickness of the layers, appears to be slightly higher than that of panels with the same layer thickness.3. There is a slight tendency evidence of a lower thermal insulation value when panels of higher density are tested. This beha-viour can be theoretically justified considering that is well-known that air is a good thermal insulator and wood species with a low density can be said to have a greater presence of “air” inside their structure in comparison to wood species with high density value.4. An increase of the moisture content of the panel tends to slightly reduce its thermal insulation performance (e.g. after condi-tioning in climatic room 23°C and 90% r.h.). This conclusion cannot be applicable to other conditioning climates because the differences observed are not so evident and/or unambiguous (e.g.: not conditioned, after conditioning at 20°C and 35% r.h., after conditioning at 20°C and 65% r.h).5. Values obtained by means of the theoretical calculations (tab. UNI EN ISO 10456) tend to be more conservative than the

Sample Wood specie Total thickness Number of layers Note

1 Okoumè 15 mm 7 Layers of different thickness

2 Okoumè 12 mm 7All internal layers of equal

thickness

3Composite Okoumè/

Poplar15 mm 7 Layers of different thickness

4Composite Okoumè/

Poplar15 mm 7

All internal layers of equal thickness

5 Poplar 18 mm 9 Layers of different thickness

6 Poplar 18 mm 9All internal layers of equal

thickness

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Paolo Tirelli

experimental ones (the literature suggests lower performances of the panel than real ones).

The results obtained in the course of this study shall be obviously considered as a general preliminary indication. More experi-ments and data are necessary to confirm and to consolidate the conclusion of this thesis.

Relation between thermal conductivity and thermal resistance:

The following formula relates the thermal resistance (R) and thermal conductivity (λ):R = s/λ

where:s : sample thickness (m)λ : thermal conductivity (W/mK)

Calculations example: 1) Oak solid wood, thickness = 14 mm, mean density = 700 kg/m3, λ = 0,18 W/mK

R = 0,014/0,18 = 0,078 (m2K/W) Two layer sample:

- External layers: Oak, thickness = 4 mm, mean density = 700 kg/m3, λ = 0,18 W/mK- Substrate: Fir plywood, thickness = 6 mm, mean density= 500 kg/m3, λ = 0,13 W/mKR = 0,004/0,18 + 0,006/0,13 = 0,022 + 0,046 = 0,068 m2K/W

Also CATAS gives the kick-off to the International University Course on wood and furniture

Franco BulianFrom the next academic year, the stu-dents of Engineering of the Universi-ty of Trieste will have a new chance at an international level with the launch of

the new Master Course, recognized in Europe as a Master of Science, lasting two years. Following an agreement rea-ched between the University of Trieste and the University of Applied Sciences Hochschule Ostwestfalen-Lippe, the course will specialize the students in engineering and manufacturing mana-gement with particular reference to the wood and furniture industry.The Italian site of the course involving even the technicians and laboratories of CATAS, will be the Didactic and Cul-tural University of Trieste at Pordenone inside the structure of the Polo Univer-sitario. The new master of Science aims

at obtaining a Double Degree MSc, from Germany and Italy. Since it is necessary that students attend courses in both uni-versities, it is expected that the German students spend a semester in Italy and the Italians do the same at the German university.The “kick-off” of the program has had on June 16 in Pordenone in the magni-ficent place of Palazzo Badini. On that occasion, the teachers of the two insti-tutions met to discuss the planning of the courses, considering also the rese-arch subjects carried out by the two uni-versities in the field of “Production Engi-neering and Management for Furniture Industry. The event was characterized by the presence of students coming not only from Italy. A large group of univer-sity students came in fact from eastern Westphalia to make contact with the Trieste university, which will welcome them in their training period, and also to visit some companies in the Friuli Vene-zia Giulia Region.The program of the two-days meeting included also a panel discussion on the subject: “The profile of the young engineers and the needs of the manu-facturers” The panel discussion, co-ordinated by the director of CATAS Dr A. Giavon, involved the participation of

various local companies, including: Ing. E. Babuin, director of the Foundation Rino Snaidero, Dr.. A. Santini’s Industrie Mobili SpA, Dr.. F. Simonella of SIN.CO. Dr. S.p.A. G. La Placa of Federlegno Tri-veneto. The discussion considered the profiles of the new figure of the engine-er and the opportunities offered by this new University corse that was judged very positively by all speakers in relation

to the scenarios of the global realities of the world production.Admission to the Double Degree Ma-ster of Science provides a programmed number of 20 candidates for each uni-versity which will be selected through specific talks. All students shall demon-strate a good English knowledge and, of course, the title of first degree.

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Franco Bulian

FormaldehydeLegislation and Certification

Formaldehyde is a very small mole-cule consisting of only four atoms, two hydrogen, one oxygen and one carbon. For this reason it is very vo-latile, being easily released in the air where it mixes rapidly with it when emitted in the environment.Formaldehyde originates from diffe-rent sources first of all the cigarette smoke and many other kind of com-bustion processes. It must be consi-dered that also furniture, flooring and other materials present in our homes can emit a certain amount of this sub-stance.So when we breathe, along with oxygen, nitrogen and other gases present in the air, we even inhale very small amounts of formaldehyde. At certain concentrations, which may

vary depending on individual sensiti-vity, the effects of formaldehyde cau-ses irritation to the respiratory tract and eyes, especially in people suffe-ring from asthma or allergic diseases.The alarm about the effects of this substance has increased dramatical-ly in recent years and especially after the declaration of 2006 by the IARC, the well-known International Agency for Research on Cancer, about its possible carcinogenic effects.Notwithstanding the fact that this to-pic is still much debated at the inter-national level, especially with regard to exposure levels that could cau-se such serious diseases, in many Countries of the world the Authorities dealing with Safety are trying to limit public exposure to this gas, acting di-rectly with specific legislative measu-res also on consumer products.The materials on which it is placed a great attention are the wood-based panels such as particleboard and plywood widely used in the produc-tion of flooring, furniture but also utili-zed for many other applications. The

adhesive that combines particles or sheets, can release formaldehyde for long periods thus contributing to raising the concentration of this gas in our homes, our offices and all the other indoor places of our daily life.In Italy, as in other European Countri-es, the exclusive use of panels clas-sified as E1, that means their formal-dehyde emission is below the limits recommended by the World Health Organization, it is mandatory. The panels or other products marketed in Italy and consequently the finished products with which they are made, must therefore comply with these limits. The producers shall conti-nuously perform accurate control of their products, according to the esta-blished law.

As mentioned before, in other Countries around the world there are similar restrictions that operators are required to know and respect in order to freely export their products.In addition to the knowledge of the limits and classifications, it is also important to consider what are the procedures and the documentation required for trading panels or finish products in the various Countries where restrictions have been establi-shed for formaldehyde.Without going into details of each in-dividual case, we can say that there are essentially two different proce-dural approaches. The first, adopted by Italy and many other European Countries, is to establish rules that companies are called to follow in terms of: test methods, testing fre-quency and limits to be respected. The responsibility to determine and enforce compliance with the limits imposed is directly placed on the producers.The procedure is rather different for other Countries like Japan or Califor-

nia, where the products shall be con-trolled and certified by a third party, officially recognized and authorized by the government authorities of the respective states. In order to decla-re that the production is certified F **** (Japan) or CARB (California) and consequently to freely export to these Countries is then necessary to refer to specific bodies officially appro-ved. Producers shall consequently submit their productions to the esta-blished procedures that, especially in the case of California, are particularly complex and onerous.

In conclusion we can say that wood based panels and the Italian products made with them such as furniture and floors, must be characterized by low

levels of formaldehyde emission (E1) as required by the national law. The declaration that the productions are in E1 class is therefore mandatory and cannot be replaced by any other information that, very often, are also unreliable and misleading such as the fairly common assertion that a certain product is “E0”, this classification is in fact not-existent and the subsequent declaration has therefore no meaning.In the case of exports to other Countries, which apply rules pro-viding certifications by third-party bodies, manufacturers shall refer to recognized organizations submitting their productions to the inspections and the verifications required by law. Only in this case they can claim to have obtained the certifications, Ca-lifornian or Japanese, so having free access to these markets.

Outside the legal framework descri-bed above, there are also voluntary certifications, like the CATAS Quality Award (CQA), which many compa-nies adhere to enhance their product

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Franco Bulian

with a label certifying the low formal-dehyde values of their productions.In this context, it shall be also mentio-ned the demands of some international operators who require their suppliers of systematic controls carried out by labo-ratories of their choice.

In the complex scenario described abo-ve it is therefore important to know the various details of this subject, working in accordance with legal requirements or otherwise to the demands of the cu-stomers. Among the various obligations

is absolutely essential to use a proper terminology in all types of communica-tions, in order to avoid false expecta-tions by the market.CATAS is active on formaldehyde from about thirty years, since the starting of the first requests of testing the emission of this substance by Germany. The great and long term experience in this sector have led our laboratory to be an impor-tant reference point on an international level and especially as regards to the “quality” of the analytical data provided. This is confirmed by the various requests

for participation in international projects aimed at finding correlations between the various methods, participation in European and international committees, the request for consultations in various countries around the world, as well as university courses and awards from or-ganizations and agencies at various le-vels.

For any further information:Prof. Franco Bulianbulian@catas.com

Paolo Balutto“WORKING GROUP 9” at work

After a deep and radical restructuring of the Technical Committee of Stan-dardization “CEN / TC 207 Furniture” occurred in the middle of last year on a

proposal of the Italian delegation, (see article NOTIZIE CATAS 02/2010) the new working groups that are part of this Committee, immediately began their ac-tivities under a new guise.In this last year, the most active was certainly the Working Group 9 “Test me-thods for furniture”, WG9, which dealt mainly with the revision of two key stan-dards such as EN 1728 : 2000 and EN 1730:2000.

Unlike almost all other groups, the main feature of WG9 is that it is “horizontal” because it is charged to draft and / or re-view the test methods used then by the other working groups, whose task it is to define requirements for safety, stability and performance of products in relation

to their intended use such as domestic, educational, contract, office and so on.

Last June, after just over a year, WG9 has finalized the revision of EN 1728 concerning the test methods for sea-ting, and in early September, at the end of three meeting days, held at CATAS in San Giovanni al Natisone, has also com-pleted the revision of EN 1730 concer-ning the test methods for the tables.To get into a little bit more in details, the

revision of these documents has tried to create two standards that keep toge-ther all the test methods for seating and tables; methods already existing so far but that were spread on different stan-dards (eg. EN 581-2 and 3, EN 1335-3, EN 15373).With some difficulties, the goal has been reached. The revised standards EN 1728 and EN 1730 will include, respec-tively for seating and tables, all test me-thods for all the different products and different end uses. In conclusion we can say that as far as test methods, the re-view will not bring substantial changes, but the approach to standardization will certainly be a little different from today.

The two documents have now been submitted to CEN for initiating a formal vote and, if positive, the publication is scheduled for early 2012. At that point, for effective use of these two standards will be necessary to review all the va-rious standards of requirements that re-fer to their test methods and this will be the main task of many Working Groups in the coming months.

Composition of the Technical Committee CEN/TC 207 “Furniture”WG1 - Requirements for domestic furnituresWG2 - Requirements for children’s furniture and nursery furnitureWG3 - Office furnitureWG4 - Requirements for outdoor furnitureWG5 - Non-domestic furnitureWG6 - Requirements for educational furnitureWG7 - Surfaces and surface finishes of furnitureWG8 - Requirements and test methods for hardware for furnitureWG9 - Test methods for furniture

15

Alessia Matellon Franco Bulian

How much does a coating penetrate into wood?

IntroductionThe penetration of coatings into wood has always been a subject of particular interest to the industry, whether for for-mulators, and users.The positive consequences of a good penetration of the co-ating into the substrate are widely recognized, as summari-zed in the following points:• Greater effectiveness of biocides treatments in the case of coatings for exterior wood;• improved adhesion due to the mechanical interaction and to the greater contact area between the two materials (wood and coatings);• increasing of the outdoor durability in consequence of a “stabilization” effect on wood deriving from the impregna-tion its superficial layers with a consequent reduction of the tensions between wood and coating;• improving the aesthetic quality of the surface due to a mar-ked wettability of the substrate.

This article will briefly consider the subject of coating pene-tration into wood, which is still the subject of numerous stu-dies and investigations. The focus of these notes, however, is represented by some pictures that clearly demonstrate, beyond any theoretical consideration, which is the actual penetration of into wood debunking, perhaps, even some fairly widespread beliefs on this subject.

The effects of the wood structureIt is well known that wood structure is highly porous and, on this basis, it is often assumed that coatings may therefo-re penetrate easily and deeply inside the cavities, filling up such voids.In reality, we must consider that most of the cells that con-stitute wood are oriented along the axial direction and only a small portion follows a radial pattern.

Picture 1: Picture of pine taken by an electron microscope [2].

Without going into too much detail along the theoretical aspects of the anatomical structure of wood, it is however

possible to consider that, given the assumptions made abo-ve that are also clearly visible from image 1, there could ba-sically be three possible ways for a coating to penetrate into this material [1]:1. Through the open ends of the longitudinal cells that are filled directly by the coating that penetrates into them (end grain).2. Similarly, the coating can penetrate through the open ends of the rays, when it is applied to the tangential or radial wood surface (picture 2).3 The third way is the passage of the coating between the rays to the axial cells.

The penetration of any liquid, including coatings, is very dif-ferent according to the cutting direction considered. It will be greatest for the axial direction and much lower when radial or tangential surfaces are considered.The morphological differences between the various wood species, the presence of extractives and the part of the trunk considered (heartwood or sapwood) are also factors that play important roles on the absorption mechanism.For further information on these subjects, specific texts and publications on wood anatomy shall be considered.

The effects of the coating properties The penetration of the coating inside the tiny wood cavities depends on capillary physical phenomena for which the coating composition and rehology play a decisive role, as specified in the following list [1]:- Viscosity: a higher viscosity corresponds to a reduced abi-lity of the to penetrate into wood cavities:- The solids content is inversely proportional to the coating penetration. Pigmented paints penetrate less than transpa-rent varnishes.- The type of coating from a physical point of view. Coating solution of organic solvents usually penetrates more easily than aqueous emulsions or dispersions. This is due to the fact that during the coating flow within a cell, water is easily absorbed by the cell wall leading to an increase in the visco-sity of the coating. This effect is greater for dispersions due to the presence of very large resin particles [3].- The wettability (surface tension) of the paint is also related to this phenomenon. A higher surface tension reduces the ability of “wetting”, thus negatively affecting the coating abi-lity to penetrate into wood.

The effects of processingAmong the different working phases, two aspects that may affect the penetration of coatings into wood deserve to be mentioned.A first is represented by sanding that needs to avoid that high pressure applied can cause a wood crushing. In ana-tomical terms, in fact, wood crushing produces the partial or total occlusion of the superficial cell layers, preventing or reducing the possible penetration of the coating inside their voids. It shall be also considered that such effect may be reversible in some way due to moisture absorption resulting, for example, from treatments with water-borne coatings.The swelling of the crushed cells produces irregularities

16

onto the coating surfaces that, in addition to the aesthetic im-perfections (picture 3), can be the origin of tensions that pro-gressively damage the dried coating film with the formation of cracks and delaminations.The second point to consider, also related to the sanding phase, is that of time. The natural resins, oils and extractives present in the wood core can slowly migrate toward the sur-face, leading gradually to fill the pores. Consequently the coa-ting penetration into wood also depends on the time elapsed between the sanding and the coating processes.

The images of the studyThe following are some images, taken by a microscope, de-riving from the CATAS archive. They highlight different situa-tions with respect to the penetration of coatings into wood.As already mentioned, the pictures do not represent a syste-matic study, but only a presentation of real cases arising from the daily experience of our Institute.Obviously, as for other subjects, CATAS is available for spe-cific collaborations aimed at a better understanding of these phenomena.

Picture 2: Picture taken with the microscope of a cross section of oak. The arrow indicates a parenchyma ray. From the image it is possible to note that here the penetration of the coating into the surface is slightly higher.

Picture 3: Picture taken with the microscope of a cross sec-tion of pine. Sanding has been not optimal, being the likely cause of this surface wave created after the application of the coating. In the spring ring the absorption is greater. Cells, pre-viously crushed, are then swelled in contact with the water-based coating.

Picture 3.

Picture 4.

Picture 5.

Pictures 4 and 5: cross-sections of spruce wood painted.

Alessia Matellon Franco Bulian

17

Bibliography

1 - M. de Meijer, A review of interfacial Aspects in wood coatings: wetting, surface energy, substrate penetration and adhesion, COASTS AND 18 Proceedings

2 - B.A. Meylan and B.G. Butterfield (Trad A. Hope), The three-dimensional structure of wood, CATAS

3 - F. Bulian and J. Graystone, Wood Coatings. Theory and Practice, Elsevier.

Picture 6.

Picture 7.

Pictures 6 and 7: Cross sections of varnished beech wood. It is possible to note the significant absorption of the coating inside the large vessels.

Picture 8.

Picture 9 (lower magnification than the previous pictures).

Pictures 8 and 9: cross sections of coated Meranti wood. De-spite the larger diameter of the vessels, the coating penetrated only the most superficial, but not so deeply as in the case of Beech.

Pictures 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9: the influence of wood anatomy in the coating penetration.

Alessia Matellon Franco Bulian

18

Franco Bulian

Il CATAS tra internazionalizzazione,innovazione e realtà quotidiana

... the retiring moment has arrived for a column of CATAS Staff CATAS

Thanks Renato, the man of “everything is possible”

Dear Renato,

You have accompanied the growth of CATAS from its birth until today. In the far 1971, after the professional school of San Giovanni al Natisone, you were employed as a lab technician, and within the same school buildings, you started to show to the students the first tests on wood and on finished products. In a small and narrow closet you carried out tests with the first dynamometer, your inseparable and faithful companion.The dynamometer inspired you fanciful tests, which only with your willing and ability could be successful; using: string, clamps, caps, you passed from... six bottles of champagne, which did not want to open, up to the con-nectors for the super highway tunnels.Your versatility and adaptability have driven you to never say “I can’t do”; run a new test was always a stimulus and a challenge for you, but also a satisfaction for our customers.When a customer carried a sample, you have never met him with coldness and indifference but, on the contrary, you have always communicated availability and cooperation, producing long-lasting and sincere human rela-tionships.For many of us and for the same CATAS, you’ve been the reference point, a human and professional example on which we modelled.With us, your colleagues, you knew how to speak also with the silences that good listeners have learned to be, sometimes, the best and elegant form to show your disapproval.Somewhere you can read: “Catas Spa is now considered the greatest Italian institute for research and testing in the wood-furniture sector, a reference point in Italy and worldwide.”

This has been even achieved over time also by means of YOU.

1919

Title GLUING WOOD Purchase CATAS (lab@catas.com)Author Alberto Bandel CATAS Subscriber € 35,00 + IVAEditor CATAS SpA Non CATAS Subscriber € 45,00 + IVA

Gluing Wood was written by dr. Alberto Bandel, one of the greatest European experts in the field of wood adhesives thecnology. Since the first edition (1994), the book has represented a good theoretical basis but, moreover, a signifi-cant working tool for all the manufacturers.The book is written in a simple style, with many practical examples, pictures and tables. The collaboration with CA-TAS (and in particular with ing. Speranza, dr. Giavon and dr. Bulian), especially for the normative parts, has completed the book also with some useful references to test methods and standards.The book is divided into three chapters: Adhesives in the wood Industry- Materials in the Wood Industry and Gluing Technologies) which contain different pharagraphs about subjects related both to the raw materials and the working processes.

Title THREE DIMENSIONAL STRUCTURE OF WOOD. A scanning Electron Microscope StudyAuthors B.A. Meylan and B.G. Butterfield Purchase CATAS (lab@catas.com)(Italian translation by Angelo Speranza) CATAS Subscriber € 25,00 + IVAEditor CATAS SpA Non CATAS Subscriber € 45,00 + IVA

This book is a collection of scanning electron microscope photographs selected to illustrate various features of the structure of wood. Althought is intended to supplement general plant anatomy texts for Botany and Foresty students at the upergraduate level, it should also be useful work for anyone interested in wood science.The lists of further reading included in each section contain only general texts and revelant paper on each topic.

Title WOOD COATINGS. THEORY AND PRACTICE Authors Franco Bulian and Jon Graystone Purchase Specialised bookstores - Language English Internet web sites: www.elsevier.com,Editor Elsevier www.amazon.com

Wood Coatings, written by Franco Bulian (CATAS) and Jon Graystone (Paint Research Association) addresses the factors responsible for the performance of wood coatings in both domestic and industrial situations. The term ‘wood coatings’ covers a broad range of products including stains, varnishes, paints and supporting ancillary products that may be used indoors or outdoors. Techniques for coating wood go back many centuries but in recent decades there has been a move towards more environmentally-friendly materials, for example, the use of water-borne rather than solvent-borne chemicals. A major objective of Wood Coatings is to explain the underlying factors that influence selection, application and general operational issues. Basic information on the chemistry and technology of coatings is included for the benefit of students and laboratory technicians. Additio-nally, the book includes individual chapters of interest to architects, specifiers, and industrial users.

www.catas.com

Notizie CATAS n° 3 Settembre 2011 periodico d’informazione edito dal CATAS

Norme UNIpubblicate in Luglio 2011

NON MI PIACE MA NON SO COME FARE....

CATAS News n° 3 September 2011 quarterly news edited by CATAS

UNI standardspublished during July 2011

standards UNINORME PUBBLICATE IN LUGLIO 2011

STANDARS PUBLISHED BY UNI DURING JULY 2011

NORMA STANDARD

DATA DATE

TITOLO TITLE

ADESIVI, VERNICI, SIGILLANTI PAINTS, VARNISHES, ADHESIVES, GROUTS, SEALANTS, JOINTING MATERIALS

UNI EN 1238:2011 7/21/2011Adesivi - Determinazione del punto di rammollimento di adesivi termoplastici (metodo biglia e anello) Adhesives - Determination of the softening point of thermoplastic adhesives (ring and ball)

UNI EN 1239:2011 7/21/2011Adesivi - Stabilità al gelo-disgelo Adhesives - Freeze-thaw stability

UNI EN 1240:2011 7/21/2011Adesivi - Determinazione del numero di ossidrile e/o del contenuto di ossidrile Adhesives - Determination of hydroxyl value and/or hydroxyl content

UNI EN 1243:2011 7/21/2011Adesivi - Determinazione della concentrazione di formaldeide libera in condensati di ammino ed ammido- formaldeide Adhesives - Determination of free formaldehyde in amino and amidoformaldehyde condensates

UNI EN 1245:2011 7/21/2011Adesivi - Determinazione del pH Adhesives - Determination of pH

UNI EN 12705:2011 7/21/2011

Adesivi per cuoio e materiali per calzature - Determinazione della variazione di colore di superfici di cuoio bianco o di colore chiaro mediante migrazione Adhesives for leather and footwear materials - Determination of colour change of white or bright coloured leather surfaces by migration

UNI EN 12962:2011 7/21/2011Adesivi - Determinazione del comportamento elastico degli adesivi liquidi (indice di elasticità) Adhesives - Determination of elastic behaviour of liquid adhesives (elasticity index)

UNI EN ISO 19334:2011 7/7/2011Leganti per pitture e vernici - Gommoresine - Analisi gascromatografica Binders for paints and varnishes - Gum rosin - Gas-chromatographic analysis

TESSILI, CUOIO E IMBOTTITURE TEXTILES, LEATHER, UPHOLSTERY

UNI EN ISO 17076-2:2011 7/21/2011Cuoio - Determinazione della resistenza all’abrasione - Parte 2: Metodo Martindale con piastra a sfere metalliche Leather - Determination of abrasion resistance - Part 2: Martindale ball plate method

UNI EN ISO 17226-3:2011 7/21/2011

Cuoio - Determinazione chimica del contenuto di formaldeide - Parte 3: Determinazione delle emissioni di formaldeide dal cuoio Leather - Chemical determination of formaldehyde content - Part 3: Determination of formaldehyde emissions from leather

MATERIE PLASTICHE E GEOTESSILI PLASTICS, GEOTEXTILES

UNI EN ISO 6721-1:2011 7/7/2011Materie plastiche - Determinazione delle proprietà dinamico-meccaniche - Parte 1: Principi generali Plastics - Determination of dynamic mechanical properties - Part 1: General principles

UNI CEN/TS 16137:2011 7/7/2011Materie plastiche - Determinazione del contenuto di carbonio a base biologica Plastics - Determination of bio-based carbon content

standards UNINORME PUBBLICATE IN LUGLIO 2011

STANDARS PUBLISHED BY UNI DURING JULY 2011

NORMA STANDARD

DATA DATE

TITOLO TITLE

GOMME ED ELASTOMERI RUBBER, ELASTOMERS

UNI 7992:2011 7/26/2011

Elastomeri: Materie prime e ingredienti - Acido stearico per mescolanze di controllo - Requisiti e prove Elastomers - Raw materials and compounding ingredients - Stearic acid for rubber test recipes - Requirements and tests

UNI 10151:2011 7/7/2011Elastomeri: materie prime ed ingredienti - Analisi gas- cromatografica di cere paraffiniche Rubber compounding ingredients - Gas- chromatographic analysis of parafinic waxes

MOBILI, ARREDI E PRODOTTI FINITI FURNITURE, FINISHED PRODUCTS

UNI EN 71-1:2011-07 7/14/2011Sicurezza dei giocattoli - Parte 1: Proprietà meccaniche e fisiche Safety of toys - Part 1: Mechanical and physical properties

UNI 7785:2011 7/21/2011Manici in legno per martelli e mazze Wood handles for hammers and sledges

ACCESSORI PER MOBILI FURNITURE HARDWARE

UNI EN 15828:2010 7/26/2011

Accessori per mobili - Resistenza e durabilità delle cerniere e dei loro componenti - Bracci a snodo e cerniere su asse orizzontale Hardware for furniture - Strength and durability of hinges and their components - Stays and hinges pivoting on a horizontal axis

MATERIALI RIVESTIMENTO SUPERFICI DI MOBILI MATERIALS FOR COVERING SURFACE FURNITURE

UNI EN 15185:2011 7/7/2011Mobili - Valutazione della resistenza delle superfici all’abrasione Furniture - Assessment of the surface resistance to abrasion

SERRAMENTI, PAVIMENTI, TENDE, RIVESTIMENTI E ACCESSORI DOORS, WINDOWS, FLOORS, BUILDING HARWARE, SHUTTERS, BLINDS

UNI EN 13228:2011 7/7/2011Pavimentazioni di legno - Elementi di legno massiccio con sistema di assemblaggio Wood flooring - Solid wood overlay flooring elements including blocks with an interlocking system

UNI EN 13647:2011 7/7/2011Pavimentazioni di legno e rivestimenti interni ed esterni di pareti con elementi discontinui di legno - Determinazione delle caratteristiche geometriche Wood flooring and wood panelling and cladding - Determination of geometrical characteristics

LEGNO E PANNELLI WOOD, PANELS

UNI EN 320:2011 7/7/2011Pannelli di particelle e pannelli di fibra - Determinazione della resistenza all’estrazione assiale delle viti Particleboards and fibreboards - Determination of resistance to axial withdrawal of screws

UNI 3261:2011 7/14/2011Prove sul legno - Determinazione del modulo di elasticità a compressione Tests on wood - Determination of the compression modulus

standards UNINORME PUBBLICATE IN LUGLIO 2011

STANDARS PUBLISHED BY UNI DURING JULY 2011

NORMA STANDARD

DATA DATE

TITOLO TITLE

UNI 3263:2011 7/14/2011Prove sul legno - Determinazione del modulo di elasticità a trazione Tests on wood - Determination of the tensile modulus

UNI 4143:2011 7/14/2011Prove sul legno - Prova di spacco in direzione assiale Tests on wood - Axial split test

UNI 4712:2011 7/14/2011Prove sul legno - Prova d’impronta sul legno per pavimentazione Tests on wood - Test of footprints on wood for flooring

UNI EN 13353:2011 7/7/2011Pannelli di legno massiccio (SWP) - Requisiti Solid wood panels (SWP) - Requirements

STRUTTURE E SCALE IN LEGNO TIMBER STRUCTURES, TIMBER STAIRS

UNI EN 131-1:2011 7/14/2011 Scale - Parte 1: Termini, tipi, dimensioni funzionali Ladders - Part 1: Terms, types, functional sizes

VETRI E MATERIALI NATURALI GLASS, NATURAL STONES

UNI EN 674:2011 7/14/2011Vetro per edilizia - Determinazione della trasmittanza termica (valore U) - Metodo della piastra calda con anello di guardia Glass in building - Determination of thermal transmittance (U value) - Guarded hot plate method

UNI EN 675:2011 7/14/2011Vetro per edilizia - Determinazione della trasmittanza termica (valore U) - Metodo dei termoflussimetri Glass in building - Determination of thermal transmittance (U value) - Heat flow meter method

BIOCOMBUSTIBILI SOLIDI SOLID BIOFUELS

UNI EN 14961-2:2011 7/21/2011Biocombustibili solidi - Specifiche e classificazione del combustibile - Parte 2: Pellet di legno per uso non industriale Solid biofuels - Fuel specifications and classes - Part 2: Wood pellets for non-industrial use

UNI EN 14961-3:2011 7/21/2011Biocombustibili solidi - Specifiche e classificazione del combustibile - Parte 3: Bricchette di legno per uso non industriale Solid biofuels - Fuel specifications and classes - Part 3: Wood briquettes for non-industrial use

UNI EN 14961-4:2011 7/21/2011Biocombustibili solidi - Specifiche e classificazione del combustibile - Parte 4: Cippato di legno per uso non industriale Solid biofuels - Fuel specifications and classes - Part 4: Wood chips for non-industrial use

UNI EN 14961-5:2011 7/21/2011Biocombustibili solidi - Specifiche e classificazione del combustibile - Parte 5: Legna da ardere per uso non industriale Solid biofuels - Fuel specifications and classes - Part 5: Firewood for non- industrial use

ATTREZZATURE, MACCHINARI, UTENSILI EQUIPMENT, MACHINES, TOOLS

UNI EN 848-3:2010 7/5/2011

Sicurezza delle macchine per la lavorazione del legno - Fresatrici su un solo lato con utensile rotante - Parte 3: Foratrici e fresatrici a controllo numerico Safety of woodworking machines - One side moulding machines with rotating tools - Part 3: Numerically controlled (NC) boring and routing machines

standards UNINORME PUBBLICATE IN LUGLIO 2011

STANDARS PUBLISHED BY UNI DURING JULY 2011

NORMA STANDARD

DATA DATE

TITOLO TITLE

AMBIENTE DI LAVORO WORK ENVIRONMENT

UNI EN ISO 3743-1:2010 7/26/2011

Acustica - Determinazione dei livelli di potenza sonora e dei livelli di energia sonora delle sorgenti di rumore mediante misurazione della pressione sonora - Metodi tecnici progettuali in campo riverberante per piccole sorgenti trasportabili - Parte 1: Metodo di comparazione per camere di prova a pareti rigide Acoustics - Determination of sound power levels and sound energy levels of noise sources using sound pressure - Engineering methods for small movable sources in reverberant fields - Part 1: Comparison method for a hard-walled test room

UNI EN ISO 3744:2010 7/26/2011

Acustica - Determinazione dei livelli di potenza sonora e dei livelli di energia sonora delle sorgenti di rumore mediante misurazione della pressione sonora - Metodo tecnico progettuale in un campo essenzialmente libero su un piano riflettente Acoustics - Determination of sound power levels and sound energy levels of noise sources using sound pressure - Engineering methods for an essentially free field over a reflecting plane

UNI EN 12464-1:2011 7/21/2011 Luce e illuminazione - Illuminazione dei posti di lavoro - Parte 1: Posti di lavoro in interni Light and lighting - Lighting of work places - Part 1: Indoor work places

ACQUA, ARIA & SUOLO WATER, AIR & SOIL

UNI EN ISO 5667-13:2011 7/21/2011 Qualità dell’acqua - Campionamento - Parte 13: Guida al campionamento di fanghi Water quality - Sampling - Part 13: Guidance on sampling of sludges

UNI EN ISO 11260:2011 7/14/2011

Qualità del suolo - Determinazione della capacità di scambio cationico effettiva e del tasso di saturazione mediante l’impiego di soluzione di cloruro di bario Soil quality - Determination of effective cation exchange capacity and base saturation level using barium chloride solution

UNI EN ISO 14240-1:2011 7/14/2011

Qualità del suolo - Determinazione della biomassa microbica del suolo - Parte 1: Metodo per respirazione indotta dal substrato Soil quality - Determination of soil microbial biomass - Part 1: Substrate- induced respiration method

UNI EN ISO 14240-2:2011 7/14/2011Qualità del suolo - Determinazione della biomassa microbica del suolo - Parte 2: Metodo per fumigazione - Estrazione Soil quality - Determination of soil microbial biomass - Part 2: Fumigation- extraction method

UNI EN ISO 14254:2011 7/14/2011 Qualità del suolo - Determinazione dell’acidità scambiabile negli estratti di cloruro di bario Soil quality - Determination of exchangeable acidity in barium chloride extracts

UNI EN ISO 15175:2011 7/14/2011 Qualità del suolo - Caratterizzazione del suolo in relazione alla protezione della falda freatica Soil quality - Characterization of soil related to groundwater protection

UNI EN ISO 15952:2011 7/21/2011

Qualità del suolo - Effetto degli inquinanti nei confronti di lumache giovani (Helicidae) - Determinazione degli effetti sulla crescita per contaminazione del suolo Soil quality - Effects of pollutants on juvenile land snails (Helicidae) - Determination of the effects on growth by soil contamination

UNI EN 15980:2011 7/21/2011

Qualità dell’aria - Determinazione della deposizione di benzo [a] antracene, benzo [b] fluorantene, benzo [j]fluorantene, benzo [k] fluorantene, benzo [a] pirene, dibenz [a, h] antracene e indeno pirene [1,2,3-cd] Air quality - Determination of the deposition of benz[a]anthracene, benzo[b]fluoranthene, benzo[j]fluoranthene, benzo[k]fluoranthene, benzo[a]pyrene, dibenz[a,h]anthraceneand indeno[1,2,3- cd]pyrene

UNI EN ISO 16072:2011 7/21/2011Qualita’ del suolo - Metodi di laboratorio per la determinazione della respirazione microbica del suolo Soil quality - Laboratory methods for determination of microbial soil respiration

standards UNINORME PUBBLICATE IN LUGLIO 2011

STANDARS PUBLISHED BY UNI DURING JULY 2011

NORMA STANDARD

DATA DATE

TITOLO TITLE

UNI EN ISO 16133:2011 7/21/2011 Qualità del suolo - Guida alla creazione e conservazione di programmi di monitoraggio Soil quality - Guidance on the establishment and maintenance of monitoring programmes

UNI EN ISO 16703:2011 7/21/2011

Qualità del suolo - Determinazione del contenuto di idrocarburi da C10 a C40 mediante gascromatografia Soil quality - Determination of content of hydrocarbon in the range C10 to C40 by gas chromatography

UNI EN ISO 17402:2011 7/21/2011

Qualità del suolo - Requisiti e guida per la selezione ed applicazione di metodi per la valutazione della biodisponibilita’ di contaminanti nel suolo e materiali del suolo Soil quality - Requirements and guidance for the selection and application of methods for the assessment of bioavailability of contaminants in soil and soil materials

MANGIMI PER ANIMALI, CONCIMI ANIMAL FEEDING STUFFS, FERTILIZERS

UNI EN 15919:2011 7/14/2011 Concimi - Estrazione del fosforo solubile in acido formico al 2% Fertilizers - Extraction of phosphorus soluble in 2% formic acid

UNI EN 15920:2011 7/14/2011 Concimi - Estrazione del fosforo solubile in acido citrico al 2% Fertilizers - Extraction of phosphorus soluble in 2% citric acid

UNI EN 15921:2011 7/14/2011 Concimi - Estrazione del fosforo solubile secondo Petermann a 65 °C Fertilizers - Extraction of soluble phosphorus according to Petermann at 65 °C

UNI EN 15922:2011 7/14/2011 Concimi - Estrazione del fosforo solubile secondo Petermann a temperatura ambiente Fertilizers - Extraction of soluble phosphorus according to Petermann at ambient temperature

UNI EN 15923:2011 7/14/2011 Concimi - Estrazione del fosforo solubile nel citrato ammonico alcalino di Joulie Fertilizers - Extraction of phosphorus soluble in Joulie’s alcaline ammonium citrate

UNI CEN/TS 16195:2011 7/14/2011 Concimi - Determinazione dei cloruri in assenza di sostanza organica Fertilizers - Determination of chlorides in the absence of organic material

UNI CEN/TS 16196:2011 7/21/2011

Concimi - Determinazione manganimetrica del calcio estratto dopo precipitazione sotto forma di ossalato Fertilizers - Manganimetric determination of extracted calcium following precipitation in the form of oxalate

UNI CEN/TS 16197:2011 7/21/2011 Concimi - Determinazione del magnesio mediante spettrometria di assorbimento atomico Fertilizers - Determination of magnesium by atomic absorption spectrometry

UNI CEN/TS 16198:2011 7/21/2011 Concimi - Determinazione del magnesio mediante complessometria Fertilizers - Determination of magnesium by complexometry

UNI CEN/TS 16199:2011 7/21/2011 Concimi - Determinazione del sodio estratto mediante spettrometria di emissione di fiamma Fertilizers - Determination of the sodium extracted by flame-emission spectrometry

VARIE OTHERS

UNI EN 13965-2:2010 7/12/2011 Caratterizzazione dei rifiuti - Terminologia - Parte 2: Termini e definizioni relativi alla gestione Characterization of waste - Terminology - Part 2: Management related terms and definitions

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