catalyst answer the following questions in your daily work organizer: 1. on the periodic table, in...
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Catalyst
• Answer the following questions in your daily work organizer:
1. On the periodic table, in what order are the elements arranged?
2.What does periodic table “group” mean?
3.What does periodic table “period” mean?
4.List a metal, a nonmetal, and a semimetal.
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Catalyst: Answers1. The elements are arranged from smallest
atomic number (# of protons) to largest.
2.A “group” is a column.
3.A “period” is a row.
4.Metal – element on the left of the table (except H).
Nonmetal – element on the right of the table or H.
Semimetal – B, Si, As, Ge, Sb, Te
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Objectives
• I can locate, compare and contrast alkali metals, alkaline earth metals and transition metals.
• I can locate the lanthanide, actinide, and transuranium elements in the Periodic Table.
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Agenda
• Catalyst
• Notes & Practice: Valence Electrons
• Periodic Table Groups: Coloring, Group Work and Sharing
• Exit Slip
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Guided Notes: Valence Electrons
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Electron Energy LevelsWithin the electron cloud, electrons are arranged in energy levels. We draw the energy levels as rings around the nucleus.
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1
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Write: periods tell us energy levels
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Period 1
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Period 2
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Period 3
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1 23 7654 8
Write: groups tell us # valence electrons
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What are valence electrons??
• Valence electrons are electrons on the outer shell of an atom that are available for bonding
– Valence Electrons are VERY IMPORTANT, they determine an element’s reactivity and general characteristics
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Group 1
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Group 2
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Group 13
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Practice!
• Work with the person next to you to complete # 15 and # 16.
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16. Answer the questions below based on the elements in question #15.
(1) Which elements had a filled outermost shell? _____ _____
(2) Which element would be most likely to lose electrons in a chemical bond? _____
(3) Which element would be most likely to gain electrons in a chemical bond? _____
(4) Which elements are not likely to bond with other elements? _____ _____ Why? ________________
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Agenda
• Catalyst
• Notes & Practice: Valence Electrons
• Periodic Table Groups: Coloring, Group Work and Sharing
• Exit Slip
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Periodic Table “Families” (groups)
Materials:
• Periodic table that you colored on Wednesday
•Textbook pp. 124
•New periodic table groups chart.
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Periodic Table “families” (groups)
• Within the 3 major groupings of elements (metals, semi-metals, non-metals), there are more SPECIFIC groups that share properties.
• The elements share properties because they have the same number of VALENCE ELECTRONS.
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• Remember:
• VALENCE electrons: electrons that are in
the OUTERMOST shell of an atom. They
are the electrons available for CHEMICAL
BONDING.
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Group 1: The Alkali Metals• Have ONE valence electron.• VERY REACTIVE• Therefore, not found alone in nature.• What are the alkali metals?
– Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Fr
• On your periodic table, use a marker to outline the Alkali Metals. Make a key to indicate what color marker represents the alkali metals.
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Group 2: The Alkaline Earth Metals
• Have TWO valence electrons.
• VERY REACTIVE
• Usually not alone uncombined in nature.
• What are the Alkaline Earth Metals? Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Ra
• On your periodic table, use a marker to outline the Alkaline Earth Metals.
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Groups 3-12: Transition metals
• Properties vary.
• Some found alone in nature: Gold, Silver, Platinum, Copper, etc.
• On your periodic table, use a marker to outline the transition metals.
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Group 17: Halogens
• Have SEVEN valence electrons.
• Most REACTIVE non-metals.
• What are the Halogens? F, Cl, Br, I, At
• On your periodic table, use a marker to outline the Halogens.
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Group 18: The Noble Gases
• Have EIGHT valence electrons.
• They are very NON-REACTIVE (Like to exist alone).
• What are the Noble Gases? He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, Rn
• On your periodic table, use a marker to outline the Noble Gases.
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Lanthanides and Actinides• The lanthanides are actinides are transition
metals.• They are part of period 6 and 7, however they
are placed below the table so that it fits on one page.
• Locate the atomic numbers of the lanthanides and actinides. You will notice that they fill in the gaps in atomic numbers between Ba & Hf and Ra & Rf.
• On your periodic table, use a marker to outline the Lanthanides and actinides.
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Transuranium Elements
• These are elements listed after Uranium (92) on the periodic table.
• Transuranium elements were synthesized and identified in laboratory experiments through the use of nuclear accelerators.
• They are not naturally found on earth.
• On your periodic table, use a marker to outline the transuranium elements.
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Group Reading Assignment• Number off 1 – 5.
• Group 1: Nobel Gases (p. 127)
• Group 2: Halogens (p. 126-127)
• Group 3: Alkali Metals (p. 125)
• Group 4: Alkaline Earth Metals (p. 126)
• Group 5: Transition Metals (p. 128-129)
• You will read about your group elements and present to the members of the other groups sitting around you.
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Answer these questions in your chart.
1. What is the group name?2. What are all of the elements included?3. Are you part of the metals, semi-metals, or
non-metals?4. How many valence electrons does each
element possess?5. Please present two more facts or examples
from the textbook.
• Then share with the people at your table and take notes on the other element groups.
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Agenda
• Catalyst
• Notes & Practice: Valence Electrons
• Periodic Table Groups: Coloring, Group Work and Sharing
• Exit Slip