catalogo de flores 2010 completo

8/3/2019 Catalogo de Flores 2010 Completo

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fX{fdsmthSEEDS


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AGERATUMFierdsrM, Tycoonru ,,...,..3AQUILEGIAOrigamirM. ...,....4BEGONIABada@,Go-GorM ..........6CAMPANULAlsabellarv .........7CINERARIAVeneziarv, Jesfer@. .,...,..gCLEOMESparklerrM ...,,...gCYCLAMENMidorirv, Miracleru, SilverHear[, Silveradoru, Cntorw,LaserrM, SferlrngrM. GoroerlbrM. SforarM, Siry?e SvnchrtrrM-RainistM, Sterlingtu , GonoerlbrM, SlenarM, Siera SzrcrorM,t,Wn@l@tuDAHLIAFrescorM, Harlequinr[,HellolrM ....,,..,.12DIANTHUSBarbarinP, Charms*, Dlabundarv, Dulce^,Elation^, Fandango'", Superpartai{ .......13DIGITALSCamelotrM . ... .. ,14EUSTOMACinderellaru,TwinklerM.. .,. .. , ...15Lizzyr* .... .. . ..,16GAILLARDIAPIumerM ,...,...,17GAZANIAGazootu, KrbsrM, Blg KlSsrM ..,...1gGERANIUMB u I s Eyer M, E ter[, M av eric kr[, P i ntor[, M u ltibl oomru, Orb itru,OrbitSynchroru, Ringo 2OOO|M. .......,..1gTornadorv ,..,...20GERBERAJaguarrM. ........22HELIOTROPEBlue WonderrIMPATIENSAccentru, Shimmer@, Bitz 3OOOIM, Mosaicr[, Victorianr[,Jambalaya@,Xtremerv. ..........25LAURENTIASfarshlnerM .,....26MARIGOLDAntiguarv, Inca llru, Lu nacyrM, Moonsongtl, Moonstruclp,Perfectionrv, ..,,.27MELAMPODIUMMedallionr\ ., . ...29NICOTIANASarafogarM. ..,...2gORNAMENTAL PEPPERExplosiveru ......30OSTEOSPERMUMAsirM . ....,,..,,91www.goldsm ithseeds.com 2

PANSYColossusrM, Mammothr\ . . . ,. ,..Deltarn,Karmaru,Mariposaa[, Skyrm,. ....PENSTEMONPinacoladaru ...,,PENTASSfarlarM. ,........3PETUNIAFrosfrM, SformrM, Bravorn, Ultrarv, Hunahrv, PrimeTimerl ,, . , , . .PETUNIATRAILINGPlusl,'Rarhblin'ru .. .....PETUN MINIATUREPicobilar[' . .....PLATYCODONMissTiilyr" ......PRIMULAACAULISOrion@, Primeratu ,,,,,,..4PRIMULA OBCONICAEmbracer, Graceru, Librer[. . .. .RANUNCULUSMachtv, Magicn .....,..4RUDBECKIATigerEye. ........4SALVIAPicantet, Fuegoru, SalsarM ......4SCHIZANTHUSAtlantisru .....,,.4SNAPDRAGONAromasr,Arrowrv..., .,,..,,,..4BellsrM, Ch i mesru, Little Darlingr[, Montegoru, Coronetterr,La Bellar, Liberty Classicru, Madame Butterflyt[, Ribbonr[ . . , . .SNAPDRAGON CUT FLOWEROpuslll/lWu,Overture llt[.... ....SUNFLOWERConstellationr .....4TORENIADuchessrM ..,....5VERBENAOsessronrM, Tuscany9 ,.........5VINCACora@,SunSorm@,SunDressrM,SunGlown .......5VINCATRAILINGCora@ CascaderM, SunSower .. . . .VIOLAEndurio@, PennytM,Rockyru .,.,..5Patiola@. . . . . . . . . .ZINNIAMagellanrv, Slorf SfutFM, Swizzlerv, lJproarrv, Zowielrn . . . . . . . . . ..ANNUALS: GUIDELINES AND SCHEDULES............GLOSSARY ....


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Fie!dsrM , TycoonrMAGERA T U M IlOUS TO N IAN U MMinimum Germination Rafe.'Fields 90%, Tycoon 85%Seed Product Form.'Pelleted, rawFI-OWERINGTime frame when planb are receptive to flower initiaon; Days 10 - 14;2-4leavespresent.Flowering lype.' Facultative long-day plant - long days enhance flowering.Specific Flowering Mechanism.'Ageratum is an irradiance indifferent plant.Maturity and daylength have the biggest influence on flowering.PLUG CUI-TUREGermination: Optimum conditons for seedling development that begins the daythe crop is sown until cotyledon expansion.Expect radicle emergence in 2 - 5 days.Coyer No covering over the seed is required.Media:. pH: 5.5 - 5.8. EC:


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0r'lgamrMA8A'LEGIA CAE{1 ULEAM in im u m Germ ination Rate : 85o/oSeed Product Form.'RawFLCIWER!NGTime frame when planla are receptive to flower initiation:4 - 6 leaves present.Flowering Type.' Facultative long-day plant - long days enhance flowering.Specific Flowering Mecanism; A vernalization treatment is needed to initi-ate flowering. Origami can be vernalized once the plugs have established rootsystems and are at least 6 - 8 weeks old. Light intensity enhances flowering.PLUG EULTUREGermination: Optimum conditions for seedling development that begins the day thecrop is sown until cotyledon expansion. Expect radicle emergence in 6 - 8 days.Seed Handling: No special treatments are needed prior to sowing. Chilling the seedprior to sowing is not advisable. lt may be desirable to double sow larger plug trays.Cover No cover is necessary. However, seeds may be covered with a thin layerof coarse vermiculite to maintain moisture levels.Media: . pH: 5.5 - 5.8. EC: 0.5Lrghf; Light is necessary for germination. lf utilizing a chamber, providing a lightsource of 10 - 100 foot candles (100 - 1,000 lux) will improve germination andreduce siretch.Temperature:70" -72"F (21' -22'C)Moisture:Wet(4) until radicle emergence. Then reduce moisture level to medium (2).Humidity:100% until radicle emergence then reduce to 70%.Dehumidify: Provide horizontal airflow to aid in drying down the media throughevapotranspiration, allowing better peneiration of oxygen to the roots.Plug Bulking: Optimum conditions during the vegetative period, beginning atcotyledon expansion, needed for the root to reach the edge of the plug cell.Media: . pH: 5.5 - 5.8. EC: 0.5 - 0.75Temperature:65' - 68'F (1 8" - 20"C)Moisfure.'Alternate between moisture levels moist (3) and medium (2). Allowmedia to approach level (2) before re-saturating to level (3).Humidity: 65 - 70%. Provide horizontal airflow to aid in drying down the mediathrough evapotranspiration under cool, low light conditions.Fertilizers: 50 - 100 ppm nitrogen weekly or as needed with a calcium-basedfertilizer (13-2-13 or 144-14).Ptg Ftower Initiatbn; Optimum conditions to make plant.receptve to flower iniiiation.Lighf.' Provide 3,500 - 4,500 foot candles (12 - 1 5 total mols or 35,000 - 45,000lux) to hasten flower induction. Supplemental lighting under low light conditions at350 - 450 foot candles (35,000 - 45,000 lux) will enhance shoot and root growth.Temperature: Maintain night temperatures within 40' - 50'F (5" - 10'C) for14 - 21 days. Bred in Gilroy, CA, Origami is more tolerant of higher vernalizationtemperatures than otherAquilegia. This is an advantage for Southern growers.Average Daly Temperature (ADT): After vernalization ADT is 65' - 67'F(18'- 1e'C).Fertilizers: 100 ppm nitrogen as needed of a calcium-based fertilizer 13-2-13 or14-4-14).Growth Regulafors; lf necessary, Origami will respond to B-Nine (daminozide)at 2,500 ppm. PGRs are more effective in the early stages of production.Fungicides: Apply preventative fungicides for Botrytis prior to vernalization.GRCIWING ONOrigami's unique habit easily adapts to a variety of container sizes. Suitablefor packs and larger containers, Origami naturally adjusts to finish habit to fltproportionally into whatever container you choose - without the use of growthregulators"

Finish Bulking; Optimum conditions during the vegetative period, beginningtransplant, needed for the root to reach the edge of the container.Media: . pH: 5.5 - 5.8.EC:1-1.2Lrghf.' Provide 3,500 - 4,500 foot candles (12 - 15 total mols or 35,000 - 45,0lux) to hasten flower induction. Supplemental lighting under low light condition350 - 450 foot candles (35,000 - 45,000 lux) will enhance shoot and root growTemperature: After crop has been vernalized, night temperatures may beincreased to 60" - 65"F (16'- 18'C). Coolertemperatures are toleratedbut will increase the final crop time. Keep day temperatures cool. High nighttemperatres will negate the vernalizing process and reduce uniformity to flowAverage Daily Temperature (ADT): Afler vernalization ADT is 65' - 67'F(18'- 1e'C).Morsfure; Alternate between moisture levels wet (4) and medium (2). Allowmedia to approach level (2) before re-saturating to level (4).Dehumidify: Provide horizontal airflow to aid in drying down the media througevapotranspiration, allowing better penetration of oxygen to the roots.Fertilizers: Aquilegia is a moderate feeder. Alternate between potassium andcalcium-based fertilizers at 150 - 200 ppm nitrogen as needed. Under coolweather conditions, avoid ammonium-based fertilizers that may encourageroot rot problems and excessive vegetative growth or stretching. Excessivephosphorus will promote stretching.Growth Regulafors; lf necessary Origami will respond to B-Nine (daminozidat 2,500 ppm. PGRs are more effective in the early stages of production.Finish Flower tnitiation: Optimum conditions to make plani receptive to flowinitiation.Temperature: Locate plants in a cool area where they will not freeze for 14 -days. The upper temperature threshold for proper vernalization is 40" - 50'F(5' - 10"C). Plants will grow slower at lower temperatures. lf plants turn purpltemperatures are too low.Average Daily Temperature (ADT): After vernalization ADT is 65" - 67'F(18" - 1e'C).TECHNIQUES TO ENHAf.CE POST HARVEST QUALITYWhen to Treat: 1 - 2 weeks prior to flnish or shipping.Feilizer: Calcium nitrate at 1 50 ppm nitrogen. A calcium chloride spray at 150 pnitrogen applied one week prior to shipping may discourage flower drop in shipmCom mon Drlseases.' Powdery MildewCommon Pesfs.' Spider Mites, Aphids

A8T,ILEGIA SCI"IEDULING IN WEEKSTotal crop time 20 -24'288'plug crop time 9 - 10Transplant to finish crop timeVernalization in finishcontainer 2 - 3. Awell established root system is requibefore plants are vernalized.4" crop 9-11

Transplant Ready: I - 10 weeks from sow in a '288' tray.

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PRODUCT USE GARDEI'{ SPECIFIEATONSPacks, pots, containers, mass Lrgtrt; Filtered shade to full sunplantings. Traditionally a spring USDA Hardiness Zone:4blooming perennial, Origami has I AHS Heat Zone: I - 1been bred for an extended bloomwindow that will increase its value inthe landscape.

Origami 14 - 16" (35 - 40 cm) 10 - 14'(25 - 35 cm)

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Bada@u varsityrM n Eu rekarM, ffi aymcr rM, K trave*reart@o vol u rur iaru8 E8 A N IA S E M P ERFI OREi{SMinimum Germination Rae.'Bada, Volumia 90%, Varsity, Eureka, Bayou,Braveheart 85%Seed Product Form.' Pelleted, raw (Bayou pelleted only)FLCIl&'ERNNGTime frame when plants are receptive to flower initiation.' Days 28 - 35;4-6leavespresent.Flowering lype; Day-neutral plant - will flower regardless of daylength.Specific Flowering Mechanism.' Light intensity will trigger flowering. Warmtemperatures encourage fl ower development.PLUG CULTIJREGermination: Optimum conditions for seedling development that begins the daythe crop is sown until cotyledon expansion.Expect radicle emergence in 6 - 8 days.Coyer No covering overthe seed is required.Media: . pH: 5.5 - 5"8. EC:


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Time frame when ptants are receptive to ftower initiation.- From initial date of contaner and to make the plant receptive to flower initiation.

Go-CorMBGO NIA TUE EROSAMin imu m Germ ination Rate: 85YoSeed Product Form; PelletedFI-OWERII{Gsowrng.Flowering lype; Obligate long-day plant - long days >13.5 hours are necessaryfor flowering.Specific Flowering Mechanism.' Tuberous Begonias are light accumulators.Supplemental lighting and daylength extension will hasten flower initiation.PLUG CIJLTUREGermination: Optimum conditions for seedling development that begins the day thecrop is sown until cotyledon expansion. Expect radicle emergence in 7 - l0 days.Cover No covering over the seed is required.Media: . pH: 5.5 - 5.8. EC: 0.5 - 0.75Lighf; Light is necessary for germination. lf utilizing a chamber, providing a lightsource of 10 - 100 foot candles (100 - 1,000 lux) will improve germination andreduce stretch.Temperature:73' - 75'F (23"C) until radicle emergence. Temperaturesexceeding 80"F (27'C) will lower final germination. Reduce to 66' - 68"F(f8'- 20'C) until cotyledon expansion.Moisture: Saturated (5) from day 1 - 1l . A saturated media and high humidity iscritical to successful begonia germination. Beginning day 12, alternate betweenmoisture levels wet (4) and moist (3). Allow media to approach level (3) beforere-saturating to level (4). lt is important to start drying back the media to avoidalgae growth. Seedlings are sensitive to "heavy handed" watering, which willinhibit germination and uniformity due to the roots being disturbed as the seedsare rolled around. Use a water breaker with a gentle spray and low pressure toavoid disturbing the seed.Humidity:100%. Relative humidity levels need to be kept high to avoiddesiccating the exposed roots.PIug Bulking/Flower lnitiation: Optimum conditions during the vegetativeperiod, beginning at cotyledon expansion, needed for the root to reach the edgeof the plug cell and to make the plant receptive to flower initiation.Media: . pH: 5.5 - 5.8.EC: 0.5-1Llghf; This species of begonia wants to form tubers and single flowers whennatural daylength is


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lsabellarMCAMPANULA LANQISTYLAM in i1n u m Germ in ation Rate; 857oSeed Product Form.'Pelleted, rawFLOWERINGTime frame when plants are receptive to flower initiation.. Beginning frominitial sow date.Flowering lyper Obligate long-day plant. Long days are required for flowering.Specific Flowering Mechanism: Daylength >12 hours. lrradiance will hastenflowering.PLUG CULTUREGermination: Optimum conditions for seedling development that begins the day thecrop is sown until cotyledon expansion. Expect radicle emergence in 6 - 8 days.Coyer.'Do not cover the seed after sowing as this will inhibit germination.Media: pH:5.5 - 5.8; EC:


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VemezirM, festex,@CINERARI,4 SENEEIAMinimum Germination Rafe..Jester gO%, Venezia B5%Seed Product Form.'Jester pelleted, raw; Venezia rawFLOWERINGTime frame when plants are receptive to flower initiation; 8 - 10 leaves arepresent and roots are actively growing.Flowering lype.'Facultative short-day plant - short days enhance flowering.Specific Flowering Mechanism: Maturity and short days trigger flowering.PLUG CULTUREGermination: Optimum conditions for seedling development that begins the daythe crop is sown until cotyledon expansion. Expect radicle emergence in 3 - 4days.Cover: Do not cover the seed after sowing, as this will inhibit germination.Media:. pH: 6-6.2. EC: 0.5 - 0.75Lrghf Light is necessary for germination. lf utilizing a chamber, providng a lightsource of 10 - I 00 foot candles (1 00 - 1 ,000 lux) will improve germination andreduce stretch.Temperature:68' -72"F (20' - 22'C) until cotyledon expansion.Moisture:Wet (4) until radicle emergence. Then begin alternating betweenmoisture levels wet (4) and moist (3). Allow media to approach level (3) beforere-saturating to level (4).Humidity: 1 00% until radicle emergence then reduce to 40 - 70%.Dehumidify: Provide horizontal airflow to aid in drying down the media throughevapotranspiration, allowing better penetration of oxygen to the roots.PIug Bulking: Optimum conditions during the vegetative period, beginning atcotyledon expansion; needed for the root to reach the edge of the plug cell.Media: . pH: 5.5 - 5.8.EC: 0.5-1Lighf; Provide short days. Provide a maximum of 2,500 foot candles (25,000 lux)maximum.Temperature:65" - 70"F (18" - 2f 'C) after radicle emergence. After first set oftrue leaves are developed, reduce iemperatures to 60" - 62"F (i 5" -i 7"C)./l4oisure.'Alternate between moisture levels moist (3) and medium (2). Allowmedia to approach level (2) before re-saturating to level (3).Humidity: 40 -7O%Dehumidify: Provide horizontal airflow to aid n drying down the media throughevapotranspiration, allowing better penetration of oxygen to the roots.Feilizers: Fertilize at 100 ppm nitrogen once a week with a calcium-basedfertilizer (13-2-13).A/ofe: Ihese suggesons are only guidelines anci may have to be altered ta Fjeetindividual grwer s ?eeds. check at! chenica! labe{s ta verify regstntiar} for use in yourregot't.

GROWING Ofr,Transplant Ready;6 - 7 weeks from sow in a '288'tray.Finish Bulking.'Optimum conditjons during the vegetative period, beginntransplant, needed for the root to reach the edge of the container.Media: . pH: 5.9 - 6.2. EC: 0.75 - ILight: Keep under short days. Long days will promote bolting. provide 3,0candles (30,000 maximum). Supplemental lighting at 350 - 500 foot candlenhance shoot and root growth. Excessive light levels will result in leaf buTemperature: After transplant, maintain cool days with 60" - 62'F (1S' -nights for approximately 2 weeks. Venezia does not require vernalizationinduce flowering. With Jester, once plants are established it is necessary tbegin a.chilling or vernalization treatment to induce flowering (refer to Flowlnitiation section). After chilling, raise temperatures to 60'- 62.F (18. - 20finishing. At this point, the crop should be about 7 - 9 weeks away from blTo conserve fuel costs, the crop can be finished at 55'- 60"F (13'- 16.Cand cool days, though flowering may be delayed.Moisture: Alternate between moisture levels wet (4) and moist (3). Allowto approach level (3) before re-saturating to level (4).Humidity:40 -70%Dehumidify: Provide horizontal airflow to aid in drying down the media thevapotranspiration, allowing better penetration of oxygen to the roots.Fertilizers: Fertilize at 100 - 150 ppm nitrogen weekly with a calcium-basefertilizer (13-2-13).Growth Regulators: Chemical PGRs are not necessary on Jester or VenVenezia is already more compact than Jester so caution must be used tofrom over growth regulating. Howeve for toning purposes, growth can eabe controlled with B-Nine (daminozide), DIF treatments, reduced wateringminimal use of ammonium.Finish Flower lnitiation: Optimum conditions to make plant receptive to finitiation.Temperature: Reduce temperatures to 3B'- sS"F (3' - 14"C). This chillintreatment should continue for 4 - 5 weeks. Venezia does not require chillinFelilizers: Ammonium-based feeds will not be beneficial when temperatuare below 45'F (8"C). Feed with a calcium-based fertilizer (13-2-13) ai 100ppm nitrogen as necessary to keep plants actively growing.Co m m o n Dr3eases.' Pythiu m, Botrytis, Powdery M i ldew, Verticill iu m, TomSpotted Wilt VirusCommon Pesfs; Aphids, Whitefly, ThripsPRCIALCT TJSF GARDEN SPECIFICATIONPotted plants, pots, containers. gift ] Liglr* partial sunitem I aJSDA Hardiness Zone: 11AHS HeatZone:4 - 1Venezia 7-9'(18-22cm) 7 -9'(18-22cm\Jester 8 - 10" (20 - 25 cm) 8 - 10" (20 - 25 cm

G:,,,ldsmithsEEtts

CINERARIA SCHEEULING IN WEEKSll:,tltllrt:ll..

Total crop time 14-16 16-18'288' plug crop time 6-7 6-7Transplant to finish crop time-.Vernalizationtreatment I Nonerequired I +-S4" crop 8 - I with some growthregulation 1 0 - 12 with sogrowth regula6" crop 9 -10 with no growthregulation 13-14withngrowth regula

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Spark!errMC L A M E hI AS SI-ER',4 AIAM i n im u m Germi n ation Rate 7 5oASeed Prod u ct Form.' GoldSmartrM PrimedFLOWERINGTime frame when plants are receptive to flower initiation.. Days 25 - 35;5-Tleavespresent.Flowering lype; Facultative long-day plant - long days enhance flowering.Specific Flowering Mechanism; A combination of long days, high irradianceand warm temperatures trigger flowering.PLUG EULTUREGermination: Optimum conditions for seedling development that begins the daythe crop is sown untll cotyledon expansion.Expect radicle emergence of GoldSmartrM Primed seed in 4 - 6 days. Advancesin Goldsmith's seed technology have overcome dormancy issues in Cleome. DoNOT pre-soak trays with potassium nitrate prior to sowing. Treating primed seedwith this solution may inhibit germination. Freezing or chilling the seed prior tosowing is not advisable and may damage the seed. Germinate Sparkler directlyon the greenhouse bench. An alternating temperature environment is necessaryfor optimum germination rather than a constant temperature found in germinationtemperatures.Cover.'Cover seed with a thin layer of medium-sized vermiculite to maintainmoisture levels.Media: . pH: 5.5 - 5.8. EC: 0.75 - 1Llghf; Light is necessary for germination. lf utilizing a chamber, providing a lightsource of 10 - 100 foot candles (100 - 1 ,000 lux) will improve germinatron andreduce stretch.Temperature: Cleome needs higher than normal temperatures to germinatesuccessfully. Fluctuating day/night temperatures are essential for optimumgermination. Provide 80" - 85"F (26' - 30"C) days and 68' - 70"F (20' - 21'C)nights.Moisture: Wet (4) until radicle emergence. Then begin alternating betweenmoisture levels wet (4) and moist (3) until cotyledon expansion. Allow media toapproach level (3) before re-saturating to level (4). Media saturated forover12 - 14 hours can inhibit germination.Humidity: 90 - 100%Fertilizers: Cleome is a heavy feeder. Fertilize at 100 ppm nrtrogen with acalcium-based fertilizer after germination is complete.Plug Bulking: Optimum conditions during the vegetative period, beginning atcotyledon expansion, needed for the root to reach the edge of the plug cell"Media: . pH: 5.5 - 5.8, EC:1 -2Light: 2,000 - 3,500 foot candles (20,000 - 35,000 tux) maximum.Temperature: Continue fluctuating day/night temperatures at BO' - 85.F(26" - 30"C) days and 68" - 70'F (20' - 21 "C) nights.Morbfre; Alternate between moist (3) and medium (2). Allow media to approachlevel (2) before re-saturating to level (3). Media saturated for more than 12 hoursmay inhibit growth.Humidity: 40 - 600/oDehumidify: Provide horizontal airflow to aid in drying down the media throughevapotranspiration, allowing better penetratron of oxygen to the roots.Fertilizers: 100 - 150 ppm nitrogen with a calcium-based fertilizer ('13-2-13 or14-4-14). Use the higher rate when humidity levels are lower.Growth Regulators: Applications of growth regulators in the plug stages willpromote better basal branching and fuller plants. Sparkler responds to Bonzi(paclobutrazol) or B-Nine (daminozide).

GROWING ONSparkler is a genetic dwarf form of the traditional garden Cleome, yet is still avery large bedding plant. Under a culture of high feed and growth regulation, yocan produce a tight, well-branched, dark-green plant with many flower spikes.Transplant Ready:3 - 4 weeks from sow in a '288' tray.ln containers smallerthan 6", expect to sell Sparkler as a small green plant. Choose the largestcontainer your market can handle for flowering sales. Transplant plugs beforethey become root bound.Finish Bulking/Flower Initiation: Optimum conditions during the vegetativeperiod, beginning at transplant, needed for the root to reach the edge ofthecontainerAND to make the plant receptive to flower initiation.Media: 3 pH: 5.6 - 6 Cleome can tolerate lower pH levels than most otherbedding plants.. EC: 1.8 - 2.5Llghf.' Provide 3,500 - 4,500 foot candles (12 - 15 total mols or 35,000 - 45,00lux) to hasten flower induction. Supplemental lighting under low light conditions 350 - 450 foot candles (35,000 - 45,000 lux) will enhance shoot and root growtTemperature:75'- 80"F (22' -27"C) days, 60'- 65'F (16" - 18'C) nights./t4oisfu,'e.'Alternate between moisture levels moist (3) and medium (2). Allowmedia to approach level (2) before re-saturating to level (3). Media saturaled fomore than 12 hours may inhibit growth.FeTilizers: Cleome is a heavy feeder. Constant liquid feed at 300 ppm nitrogenwith an ammonium-based fertilizer (20-10-20).lrrigate with clear water afterevery third feeding.Growth Regulafors.'Sparkler responds to three applications of Bonzi (pa-clobutrazol) at 25 ppm applied 7 - 10 days apart. Begin applications one weekafter transplant. B-Nine (daminozide) is also an effective PGR. Apply B-Nine at5,000 ppm as needed ai weekly intervals. B-Nine may delay flowering by 4 -7days. A crop grown with three applications of B-Nine will flower at 14 - 18"(30 - 36 cm); with two applications al 16 - 20" (40 - 50 cm); and with oneapplication at24 - 30" (60 - 75 cm).Common Diseases; Pythium, Powdery MildewCommon Pesfs.' Fungus gnats

PRCIDUCT USE GARDEN SPECIFICAT'ONSLarge containers, mass plantings, rghf.'Full sunadd height and nterest USDA Hardiness Zone: 10AHS Heat Zone: 12 - 1

9

fuofe: l$ese suggsins*Ci didual grwet" s ?edsy*r tegon.

are anly gt:irielines and may have r alereC lo ,-"resiCh*ck al c!'emical lais verify registration for use r

ELEOME SCI.IEDULING IN WEEKS

Transplant to finish crop time

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MrN' sERTES: MidorirM, tMiraclerMu 5ilvenHeartrM, SilveradorMTNTERT\IEDATF sERTES: Car"ltorM, !-aserr*, SterlingrMsTANDARD sERIES: ConcertorM, Sierr&rM, Sierra SynchrorM, RainierrM, WinteCYCLAMEN FERSICUMM ini m u m Germination Rate : 85YoSeed Product Form.'RawFLOWERINGTime frame when plants are receptive to flower initiation; 8 - 12 leavespresent.Flowering lype.' Day-neutral plant - will flower regardless of daylength.Specific Flowerng Mechanism: Maturity and irradiance in combination withcool temperatures. High light levels are needed to increase bud count.PLUG CI"'LTUR.EGermination: Optimum conditions for seedling development that begins the daythe crop is sown until cotyledon expansion. Expect radicle emergence in 21 - 25days. Successful cyclamen plug production is dependent upon darkness andhigh humidity. Place the plugs in a dark chamber with fog where temperature andhumidity can easily be manipulated. At day 14, begin checking the seed flats daily,to see if the radicle has emerged. Take care not to expose trays to light wheninspecting. Once corm has formed, darkness is no longer necessary. To avoidseedling stretch, do not wait for all corms to throw up a leaf. When the radicle hasemerged the seed has geminated and needs to be removed from the chamber.Cover: Do not cover. Covering will make it difficult to inspect for radicle emergence.Media: pH:5.5 - 5.8. EC: 0.5Lrghf; Complete darkness is essential for germinaton. Cover the seed flats withblack plastic to ensure constant darkness and to avoid accidental light exposure.Temperature: 62" - 64'F (17' - 18'C). Temperatures >68"F (20'C) will inhibitgermination giving non-uniform stands.Moisture: Alternate between moisture levels saturated (5) and wet (4). Allowmedia to approach level (4) before re-saturating to level (5).Humidity:100o/oPlug Bulking: Optimum conditions during the vegetative period, beginning atcotyledon expansion, needed for the root to reach the edge of the plug cell.Media: . pH: 5.5 - 5.8. EC: 0.5 - 1.0Lrgthf.' lncrease light levels gradually during plug culture to 3,500 foot candles(35,000 lux) maximum. Excessive light levels will burn the tender young leaves.Temperature: After radicle emergence provide 62" - 65'F (16" - 1B"C) nights;65" - 68"F (1 B' - 20"C) days.Moisfure; Alternate between moisture levels wet (4) and medium (2). Allowmedia to approach level (2) before re-saturating to level (4).Humidity: 90%+ is essential to enable the mother leaf to throw off the seed coat.lf the seed coat dries out, the mother leaf may not emerge. After the seed coat isshed, gradually reduce humidity to 85 - 90%.Fertilizers: lnitially feed at 50 - 100 ppm nitrogen with calcium nitrate (15-5-15)every 2 - 3 waterings. After first true leaves have emerged, begin alternatingammonium (21-5-20) and calcium nitrate (15-5-15) at 75 - 100 ppm nitrogen.Ammonium will help push leaf growth. Calcium nitrate will produce a sturdieryoung plant. lf growth is soft, reduce frequency of ammonium applications.F u ng icides : A preventative fungicide program is encouraged.GROWING ONFor all cyclamen, strict sanitation practices will increase the quality of a cyclamencrop. Always use new pots, sanitize the benches, and discourage algae growthanywhere in the greenhouse which may encourage fungus gnats and shore flyoutbreaks (carriers of disease). lmmediately rogue out diseased plants or isolatesuspected diseased plants.Transplant Ready: 10 - 12 weeks from sow in a '288'tray depending on time

of year and variety. Containers too large for the plant habit will make theproduct look out of proportion with the flowers. Transplant plug with at lthird of the corm above the soil surface directly into the finish containergrowth in intermediate-sized containers will delay flowering.Finish Bulking/Flower Initation: Optimum conditions during the vegeperiod, beginning at transplant, needed for the root to reach the edge oco4tainerAND to make the plant receptive to flower initiation.Media; Select a porous media that drains well. This is particularly impoduring the cool season when temperatures and light levels are loq andis slow to dry. pH: 5.8 - 6.2. EC: 1, max 1.2. Cyclamen are sensitive to soluble salt levels. Allow leaching to occur when fertilizing to avoid rootdue to high salt levels.Lrghf; Provide shade to allow a maximum of 4,400 foot candles (44,00Flowers will not be initiated if light levels drop below 2,000 foot candleslux). Supplemental lighting at 300 - 500 foot candles (3,000 - 5,000 lux14-hour day will increase bud count.Temperature: After transplant, maintain cool days, with 65'F (18'C) nirooted to the sides, drop nights to 62"F (17'C) to help facilitate flowerinroots reach bottom of pot, reduce night temperature further to 58' - 60(14'- 16'C) to keep the crop compact the last month of finishing. Holdcrops at 55" - 60"F (1 3' - I 5"C) nights, and cool days. Night temperatuabove 62" - 65"F (1 7' - 1 8"C) will decrease bud counts. Average daytemperatures above 75'F (24' C) will delay flower initiation.Moisure; Alternate between moisture levels wet (4) and medium (2). Anredia to approach level (2) before re-saturating to level (4).Humidity: Minimum of 60% during the day and a maximum of 80 - 85%night. Low humidity contributes to leaf yellowing and high humidity willelongated, weak foliage that is susceptible to fungus attack.Fertilizers: Begin fertilization when roots push out of the plug. Feed weevery 2 - 3 waterings with a nitrogen:potassium (N:K) ratio of 1:2. FertiEC rate of 1.5. On young plants, alternate between potassium nitrate anitrate fertilizers. An extra solution of potassium nitrate is given with an 2 - 2.4 every two weeks. lf new leaves do not expand fully, an occasionapplication of ammonium will promote leaf expansion. When plants readesired size, alternate between three applications of potassium nitrate application of potassium sulfate, at a fertilizer EC rate of 1.5 for finishingFungicides: A preventative fungicide program is encouraged.Spacing: Grow pot tight until foliage reaches the pot rim. Additional spaneeded to allow for leaf growth but not so close that the plants touch eaGood air circulation is necessary for quality growth. Crowding the planta climate for disease development and irreversible stretching.Common Drlseases.'Botrytis, Fusarium, Enrrrinia, Cylindrocarpon (NecGloeosporiumCommon Pesfsi Aphids, Thrips and Cyclamen Mites. Shore Flies are vectors for Envinia; Fungus gnats are disease vectors for Fusarium.PRODUCT t,'SE I GARDEN SPECIFICATIONPotted crop, gift item, containers, I Light: Paftial shade to filtered slandscape plant USDA Hardiness Zone: 10AHS Heat Zone:7 - 1

CYC'-AMEN SCHEDI,JLING IN WEEKS

6 - 10" (15 - 25 cm) 6 - 10" (15 - 25 10 - 12" (25 - 30 cm) 10 - 12" (25 - 3012 - 16" (30 - 40 cm) 12 - 16" (30 - 40

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MrN sERTES: MidorirM, MiraclerM, SilverHeartrM, SilveradorMTNTERMEDATE SERTES: cantO@, LaSerrM, Sterlingrn',tsTANDARD sERTES: ConcertorM, Sierhtt, Sierra SyndrrorM, RainierrM, Winter lcer

'288 plugcrop time 1 0 - 12 depending on the time of the year and seriesTransplant to Finish crop times4" crop 14-16 Laser:15- 17;Canto, Sterling:16-18 N/A

6" crop N/A NiA Siena: 16 - 18;Concerto, Rainier,Winter lce: 18 - 20'60 - 72' plugcrop time

Transplant 8 - 10 week'288'plugs into'60 -72' plug tray for an additional 5 - 6 weeks.(Some growers prefer a '50' size plug tray.)

Transplanted'60 - 72' plug crop to finish crop times4" crop 12-14 Laser: 13 - 15;Canto, Sterling:14 -'t6 N/A6" crop N/A N/A Sierra: 14-16;Concerto, Rainier,Winter lce: 16 - 18

Nole: Ihese suggeslions are bnly guidelines and may have to be altered to meetindvidual grower's needs. Check all chemical labels lo verify registration for use inyour region.

11ww. go ld s m ith s eed s. co m


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FnesecrM, h{anlequinrM, l{e!!o! rMDAI.i!-IA X I1 YBRIDAMinimum Germination Rae.' Hello! 80%, Fresco, Harlequin 70%Seed Product Form.'Hello! raw; Fresco, Harlequin raw, film coatedFLOWERf\GTime frame when plants are receptive to flower initiatiorr.' Days 28 - 35:5-Tleavespresent"Flowering lype: Obligate long-day plant - long days are necessary forflowering.Specific Flowering Mechanism.' Maturity and long days trigger flowering.PI-I,,'G CULTUREGermination: Optimum conditions for seedling development that begins the daythe crop is sown until cotyledon expansion. Expect radicle emergence in two days.Cover: Cover seeds with a thin layer of medium-sized vermiculite to maintainmoisture levels"Media: . pH: 5.5 - 5.8. EC: 0.5 - 0.75Light: Provide long days starting at sow. Dahlias want to form tubers undershod days. Provide interrupted nights for a 12 - 14-hour day to suppress tuberformation.Temperature: 68' - 72"F (20' - 22'C) until radicle emergence. Reduce to65'- 6B"F (18'- 20"C) until cotyledon expansion.Moisture: Saturated (5) until days 2 - 3 or radicle emergence. On days 4 - 7,reduce to moisture level (4). Beginning day B; start alternatrng moisture levelswet (4) and medium (2). Allow media to approach level (2) before re-saturating tolevel (4).Humidity: 1 00% until radicle emergence then reduce lo 40 - 70o/o.Dehumidify: Provide horizontal airflow to aid in drying down the media throughevapotranspiration, allowing better penetration of oxygen to the roots.Plug Bulking: Optmum conditions during the vegetatve period, beginning atcotyledon expansion, needed for the root to reach the edge of the plug cell.Media: . pH: 5.5 - 5.8. EC: 0.5 - 0.75Light: Keep plug trays under long days. Dahlias want to form tubers undershort days. Provide interrupted nights for a 12 - 14-hov day to suppress tuberformation.Temperature:65" - 68"F (18" - 20'C)Morbfure.'Alternate between moisture levels wet (4) and medium (2). Allowmedia to approach level (2) before re-saturating to level (4).Humidity:


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Barharlxr$ Charms'*o Diabux"rdau*u Da!ce'*u H[atiom'", krldffiSd"r Saryer hr"fab!ANTT4AS HYBRIDAMinimum Germination Rafe.' Barbarini, Charms, Dulce, Elation, Fandango,Super Parfait 85%; Diabunda 90%Seed Product Form.'Pelleted, rawFLOWRIhIGTime frame when plants are receptive to flower initiation: Days 16 - 21;3-4leavespresent.Flowering lype.'Facultative long-day plant (minor impact) - long days enhanceflowering.Specific Flowering Mechanism.'Dianthus is an irradiance plant. Maturity andhigh light levels will trigger flowering.PI.UG CtJ!-T{JREGermination: Optimum conditions for seedling development that begins the daythe crop is sown until cotyledon expansion.Cover.'Seeds may be covered with a thin layer of coarse vermiculite to maintainmoisture levels.Media: pH:5.5 - 5.8. NOTE: Dianthus will show iron deficiency symptoms at apH greater than 6.2. EC:


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CamelotrMDIGITAL'3 PURPUREAMinimum Germination Rate: SSyoSeed Prod u ct Form.. PelletedFLOWERINGTime frame when plants are receptive to ftower initiation: g - l2leaves arepresent.llowering lype; Facultative long-day plant (secondary) - long days enhanceflowering.Specific Flowering Mechanism: High light enhances flowering.PLUG CULTUREGermination: Optimum conditions for seedling development that begins the daythe crop is sown until cotyledon expansion. Expect radicle emergenc in 3 - 4days.Cover: Do not cover seed.Media: . pH: 5.8 - 6.2. EC: 0.5 * 0.75Lrghf; Light is necessary for germination. lf utilizing a chamber, providing a lightsource of 10 - 100 foot candles (100 - 1,000 lux) wilt improve germinatin adreduce stretch.Temperature: 65' - 70'F (1 8" - 21.C) until cotyledon expansion.Molsturl Medium (2) untif radicle emergence. Then begin alternating betweenmo-isture levels moist (3) and medium (2). Allow media to approach level (2)before re-saturating to level (3). NorE: saturated media will discourage tir rootsfrom penetrating into the media.Humidity: Days 1 - 6 maintain g0 - 95% or until radicle emergence and initialroots penetrate the media. On day 7, reduce to 40 -70%.Dehumidify: Provide horizontal airflow to aid in drying down the media throughevapotranspiration, allowing better penetration of oxygen to the roots.Plug Bulking: Optimum conditions during the vegetative period, beginning atcotyledon expansion, needed for the root to reach the edge ofthe plug ce.Media: . pH: 5.8 - 6.2. EC: 20%.Growth Regulators: Digitalis responds to B-Nine (daminozide), A-R(ancymidol), Bonzi (paclobutrazol), or Sumagic (uniconazol). Apply bspike begins to elongate.Common Diseases.' BotfiisCommon Pesfs; Aphids

GARDEN SPECIF'ICATILight: Parlial shade to full sunUSDA Hardiness Zone:5AHS Heat Zone: 12 - I

Aloe: Ihss $uggesbfis aie rsnly guitlelines and may have ttj lle altere{lirlclvidual grawerb reeds. check a!! chemcat labefs to verify tegistrat {yur ragott.

PRODUCT USELarge pots, containers, shade andsun plantings, mass plantings,home and commercial cut flower.

24 - 30" (60 -DIGITALS SCI-IEDULING IN WEEKS


www. go I dsm ith seeds. com 14


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Ci nderel larM,Twi n klerMEUSTOMA GRANDIFLORUM8-'Sr N T H U 8) C U T F LOW E RM i n im u m Germination Rate 85o/oSeed Product Form; Pelleted, rawFLOWERINGTime frame when plants are receptive to ftower initiation.. 6 - 8 sets of trueleaves are present.Flowering Type.' Facultative long-day plant - long days enhance flowering.Specific Flowering Mechanism: Acombination of long days and high light triggerflowering.PLUG CULTUREGermination: Optimum conditions for seedling development that begins the daythe crop is sown until cotyledon expansion. Expect radicle emergence in 10 - 14days. Lisianthus prefers large, deep plug cells, which will promoie a better rootsystem.Cover: Do not cover.Media: . pH: 6.8 - 7. Amend media with additional lime to adjust for a neutralpH. Lower pH levels may stunt plant growth.. EC: 0.5 - 0.75Lighf: Light is necessary for germination. lf utilizing a chamber, providing a lightsource of 10 - 1 00 foot candles (100 - I ,000 lux) will improve germinatin andreduce stretch.Temperature:70'- 75"F (20' -21'C). Throughout the germination process,Lisianthus seeds are sensitive to temperatures in excess f 75"F (24"C). lf notutilizing a germination chamber, place plug trays in a cool environment to preventrosetting.Average Daily Temperature (ADT):67'F (19'C). ADT in excess of ZB.F (25.C)can trigger rosetting in the young plant stage.Moi?tule: Saturated (5) for days 10 - 14 until radicle emergence. Afteruvard,begin alternating between moisture levels wet (4) and medllm (2). Allow mediato approach level (2) before re-saturating to level (4).Humidity:100% for days I - 14 or until radicle emergence then reduce to 40 -70%.Dehumidify: Provide horizontal airflow to aid in drying down the media throughevapotranspiration, allowing better penetration of oxygen to the roots.Plug Bulking: Optimum conditions during the vegetative period, beginning atcotyledon expansion, needed for the root to reach the edge of the plug celi.Lisianthus has a sensitive root system that needs to keep actively growing.Development of a good root system is critical for the success of [isianthuscrop. Seedlings are slow to grow. Do not over-water.Media: pH:6.8 - 7. EC: 0.75 -'t!ig-t! Under low light conditions, supplemental lighting at 300 - 400 foot candles(3,000 - 4,000 lux) for a 16-hour day will promote earlier flowering.Temperature: 60" - 65'F (15' - 1 8'C) nights; 70. - 7 S.F (21. - 24.C) days.Days should not exceed 75'F (24"C) and nights shoutd noi drop below 60F(15'C) to avoid inducing rosetting.Average Daily Temperature (ADT):67'F (19"C). ADT in excess of 7B.F (25.C)can trigger rosetting in the young plant stage.Moisfure: Alternate between moisture levels wet (4) and medium (2). Allowmedia.to approach level (2) before re-saturating to level (4). Do noi ver-water.Algae is indicative of a too-wet environment. provide airfiow over the trays toencourage evapotranspiration to pull excessive water from the media.Dehumidify:. Lisianthus is native to arid regions. Excessive humidity willencourage disease. Provide horizontal airflow to aid in drying down'the mediathrough evapotranspiration, allowing better penetration ofoxygen to the roots.Fedr?2ers.'Lisianthus are light to moderate feeders during the early plug stages.Fertilize at 50 - 150 ppm nitrogen twice a week with a calium-bas tetzei(13-2-'13 or 14-4-14) to promote siong shoot and root growth.GROWING ONTwinkle and Cinderella are considered early season varieties and will flowerunder short days. Cut flower Eustoma is typically transplanted direcfly into theground. Raised beds are preferred. Provide support to the growing stems toproduce high-quality stems. Good ventilation is necessary to creaie strong plantsand reduce the incidence of disease.tlofe: Iese soggesfit]s are anly gudelines and nay have fo he altered t meet indvitlLral growerb needs

Transplant Ready: I - 10 weeks from sow in a '288'tray. Transplant into bedswhen at least 2 - 3 pairs of true leaves are visible and before plugs becomeroot bound- The plug surface should be planted slghtly above the soil surface toprevent Rhizoctonia infection. NOTE: Seedlings held too long in the plug tray wilform twisted root balls that will result in delayed flowering on shorter stems. akeprecautions to minimize root damage to the seedling during transplant. Stress oany kind will delay active root and stem growth and may promote rosetting.Spacing: Space on 4"-x-6" squares or 64 - 80 plants per square meter.Finish Bulking/Flower lnitiation: Optimum conditions during the vegetativeperiod, beginning at transplant, needed for the root to reach the edge of thecontainerAND to make the plant receptive to flower initiation.The key to growing a successful Lisianthus crop is the development of a wellestablished root system. Good ventilation is necessary to create strong plantsand reduce the incidence of disease.Media: pH:6.5 - 7 Lisianthus prefers a neutral media. EC: 0.5 - 1 . Pasteurizethe beds on a regular basis between crops. Eustoma are not tolerant ofnon-disinfected soils. Amend soils as needed to provide good drainage and airporosity. This is particularly important during the cool season when temperaturesand light levels are low, and media is slow to dry.Lighf: Twinkle can bloom under short days and supplemental lighting may notbe necessary. Under low light conditions, supplemental lighting will promotestronger flowenng. Lisianthus need 14 - I 6-hour days to promote early floweringand active growth. High light levels (5,000+ foot candles, 50,000 lux) during thestandard day will help to intensify flower color. Extreme light levels may lead toleaf edge burning on young leaves.Temperature: Soil temperatures should not drop below 60'F (15'C). Provide sosurface heating if necessary. Finish the crop at 60'- 65"F (1b'- 1B'C) nights;70" -75"F (21" -24"C) days. Low temperatures will produce stronger stems, buwill increase crop time.Average Daily Temperature (ADT):67"F (19'C). ADT in excess of 78'F (25"C)can trigger rosetting in the young plant stage.Moisture: Drip irrigation is the preferred method of irrigation. lmmediately aftertransplant, keep the media moist (3) to the touch until bud set. Once flowers havinitiated, begin alternating between moisture levels wet (4) and medium (2). Allowmedia to approach level (2) before re-saturating to level (4). lt is important towater early in the day and provide good ventilation to produce a strong, healthycrop. Rapid drying of the foliage will discourage disease outbreaks. Do not letplants wilt. Drought stress can promote premature flowering.Humidity: High daytime humidity, low nighttime humidity is necessary the first1 0 - 14 days after transplant. Maintain low humidity conditions after transplantsare established to prevent disease outbreaks. High humidity and overwateringwill promote disease outbreaks. Drought stress in combination with low humiditylevels may promote marginal leaf burn. Stem breakage can be attributed tosudden fluctuations in temperature and humidity.Dehumidify: Provide horizontal airflow to aid in drying down the media throughevapotranspiration, allowing better penetration of oxygen to the roots.Fgrtilizerg: lnitially start fertilization with a nitrogen:potassium (N:K) ratio of l:1 at100 - 150 ppm nitrogen with a calcium-based fertilizer (13-2-13 or 144'14). Onceflower buds are visible, change the N:K ratio to 1:2 al 100 - 150 ppm nitrogen witha near neutral ammonium-based fertilizer (15-10-30) to keep plant compaCt.Q9mmo2 Diseases.' Botrytis, Fusarium, Rhizoctonia and peronospora, powderyMildew, Thielaviopsis, Pythium, Phytophthora,Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus,lmpatiens Necryrtic Spot Virus,Tobacco Mosaic Virus. Viruses are commonlytransmitted by Thrips.Common P.ests.'Aphids,Thrips and Leafminer. Fungus gnats are a major pest oyoung seedlings. The larvae feed on roots causing many problems froni delayedstem growth, flowering and stunted stems.PRODUCT USECommercial cut flower; vase life: 9 - 13 daysEUSTOMA SCHEDULING IN WEEKS

Cheok all chemical labels tt: verfy registra!an {or use in your reglon.0:.ldsmith Xt::.,.:fLlXE E D S :.t:::r:.ii::tl:.:ii,::::.i::.t:_rr.i:::.::

Total crop time 22-26'288'plug crop time B-10Transplant to finish crop time Low light conditions: 14 - 16High light conditions: 12 - 14

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LvzzyrMEUSTOMA GRANN!FLARUM{LtstAJVrf{usj nwARFMinimum Germination Rate: BSYoSeed Product Form; Pelleted, rawFLOWERI{GTime frame when plants are receptive to flower initiation; 6 - B sets of trueleaves are present.Flowering lype.'Facultative long-day plant - long days enhance flowering.Specific Flowering Mechanism: Acombination of long days and high lighttrigger flowering.PL.'G EULTIJREGermination: Optimum conditions for seedling development that begins the daythe crop is sown until cotyledon expansion.Expect radicle emergence in 10 - '14 days. Lisianthus prefers large deep plugcells which will promote a better root system.Cover: Do not cover seed.Media: . pH: 6.8 - 7. Amend media with additional lime to adjust for a neutralpH. Lower pH levels may stunt plant growth.. EC: 0.5 - 0.75Lrghf; Light is necessary for germination. lf utilizing a chamber, providing a lightsource of I 0 - 1 00 foot candles (100 - 1 ,000 lux) will improve germination andreduce stretch.Temperature:70" -75'F (2O" -21'C) until cotyledon expansion. Throughoutthe germination process, Lisianthus seeds are sensitive to temperatures inexcess of 75"F (24'C). lf not utilizing a germination chamber, place plug trays ina cool environment to prevent rosettrng.Average DailyTemperature (ADT):67"F (19'C). ADT in excess of 78'F (2S'C)can trigger rosetting in the young plant stage.Moisture: Saturated (5) fordays 10- 14 until radicleemergence.Aftenward,begin alternating between moisture levels wet (4) and medium (2). Allow mediato approach level (2) before re-saturating to level (4).Humidity: 100% for days 1 * 14 or until radicle emergence then reduce to40 ,700/,.Dehumidify: Provide horizontal airflow to aid in drying down the media throughevapotranspiration, allowing better penetration of oxygen to the roots.Plug Bulking: Optimum conditions during the vegetative period, beginning atcotyledon expansion, needed for the root to reach the edge of the plug celi.Lisianthus has a sensitive root system that needs to keep actively growing.Development of a good root system is critical for the success of a [isianthuscrop. Seedlings are very slow to grow. Do not ovenvater.Media: pH:6.8-7

EC: 0.75 - 1Lr'ghf; Under low light conditions, supplemental lighting at 300 - 400 foot candles(3,000 - 4,000 lux) for a 16-hour day will promote earlir flowering.Temperature:60'- 65'F (15'- 18'C) nights; 70' -75"F (21" - 24'C) days. Toavoid rosglting, days should not exceed 75"F (24'C) and nights shoutd noi dropbelow 60'F (15"C).Average Daily Temperature (ADT): 67'F (19'C). ADT in excess of 7B.F (25"C)can trigger rosetting in the young pant stage.Moisfure.'Alternate between moisture levels wet (4) and medium (2). Allowmedia to approach level (2) before re-saturating to level (4). Algae is indica-tive of a too-wet environment. Provide airflow over the trays to encourageevapotranspiration to pull excessive water from the media.Dehumidify: Lisianthus is native to arid regions. Excessive humidity willencourage disease.Fertilizers: Lisianthus are light to moderate feeders during the early plug stages.Fertilize at 50 - 150 ppm nitrogen twice a week with a caicium-based fertlzei(13-2-13 or 14-4-14) to promote strong shoot and root growth.Growth Regulators: Not necessary during plug production.GROWNT.G CINTransplant Ready.' 8 - 10 weeks from sow in a '2BB'tray. Transplant in the fin-ish container when at least 2 - 3 pairs of true leaves are visible and before plugsllofg: llrf-'se stggeslJor?s a{e !1lV guitleliti#s i::ril ;"il*y aue k ** *lf*eJ lo *?o{ Ji?{iridi*j .fil,/}r i} ]*eds

become root bound. The plug surface should be planted slightly above thesurface to prevent Rhizoctonia infection. NOTE: Seedlings held too long itray will form twisted root balls that will result in delayed flowering on shortTake precautions to minimize root damage to the seedling during transplaof any kind will delay active root and stem growth and may promote rosettFinish BulkinglFlower lnitiation: Optimum conditions during the vegperiod, beginning at transplant, needed for the root to reach the edgecontainerAND to make the plant receptive to flower initiation.The key to growing a successful Lisianthus crop is the development ofestablished root system. Good ventilation is necessary to create strongand reduce the incidence of disease.Medra.'Select a porous media that drains well. Lisianthus requires a sorganic material to promote active root growth. Lisianthus root systemsoxygen requirements" Provide good air porosity. Soils with high calciumphosphate content are prefened by Lisianthus.. pH: 6.5 - 7 Lisianthus prefers a neutral media..EC: 0.5-1Lgh; Lisianthus need 14 - 16-hour days to promote early flowering agrowth. lnterrupted nights i.e. Iighting from 10 p.m. -2a.m. undershorat 30 - 45 foot candles (300 - 450 lux) will promote earlier flowering. Btreatments after six sets of true leaves are present. High light levels (5candles, 50,000 lux) during the standard day will help to intensify floweTemperature:60" - 65'F (15" - 18'C) nights; 70' -75"F (21" - 24"C)Average Daily Temperature (ADT):67'F (19'C)Morbfure.'Alternate between moisture levels wet (4) and medium (2).media to approach level (2) before re-saturating to level (4). After floweinitiated, alternate between wet (4) and dry (1.5). Allow media to appro(1.5) before re-saturating to level (4). Watering early in the day and progood ventilation is important to producing a strong, healthy crop. Rapidthe foliage will discourage disease outbreaks. Do not let plants wilt.Humidity: High daytime humidity, low nighttime humidity is necessary - '14 days after transplant. Maintain low humidity conditions after transpestablished to prevent disease outbreaks. High humidity and ovenr,uatepromote disease outbreaks. Drought stress in combination wiih low huels may promote marginal leaf burn. Stem breakage can be attributed fluctuations in temperature and humidity"Dehumidify: Provide horizontal airflow to aid in drying down the mediaevapotranspiration, allowing better penetration of oxygen to the roots.Fertilizers: lnitially start fertilization with a nitrogen:potassium (N:K) ratio100 - 1 50 ppm nitrogen with a calcium-based fertilizer (13-2-13 or 144-flower buds are visible, change the N:K ratio to 1:2 at 100 - 150 ppm nita near neutral ammonium-based fertilizer (15-10-30) to keep plant compGrowth Regulafors.' PGRs may be necessary during periods of high h(30'c).,C9mmo1 Diseases; Botrytis, Fusarium, Rhizoctonia and PeronosporaMildew, Thielaviopsis, Pythium, Phytophthora,Tomato Spotted Wilt Virulmpatiens Necrotic Spot Virus,Tobacco Mosaic Virus. Viruses are commtransmitted by Thrips.Common Pesfs: Aphids, Thrips and Leafminer. Fungus gnats are a mpest of young seedlings. The larvae feed on roots causing many probledelayed stem growth, flowering and stunted stems.

GARPEf{ SPECIFICAT!ONLrghf.'Full sunUSDA Hardiness Zone: BAHS Heat Zone: 12 - 1Lizzy 10 - 12" (25 - 30 cm) 8 - 10" (20 - 25

C]*o& ;]/ chr?Jal J*bet! to y*rf-t'{risfrsJirt for Lts* :n y'16 hours they can help reduce leaf size and tone thFor smaller containers and 4" (10 cm) pots, apply B-Nine (daminozide) a7 - 10 days after potting.Fungicides: Preventative fungicide may be applied for Rhizoctonia, pythPhytophthora.

TECHNIQUES TO ENHANCE POST HARVEST QUALITYWhen to Treat: I - 2 weeks prior to finish or shipping.Fertilizer: Potassium ntrate drench at 150 ppm nitrogen.Common Drbeases.' Foliar - Altermaria, Botrytis and powdery Mildew; s- Phytophthora, Rhizoctonia and Pythium. Monitor moisture and humidityand use preventative fungicide drenches.Common Pesfs.' Aphids, Fungus Gnats, Shore Flies, Broad Mites, CyclaMites, Spider Mites, Thrips, Whitefly and Leafminers. Use pesticides accolabel directions.

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faguarrM (continued)PRODUCT USE I GARDEN SpECtFtcATtONSpofi containers, mass plantings I lglc, errt to tutt .rnI USDAHardiness Zone: 10AHS HeatZone:12-1Jquar 8 - 10" (20 - 25 cm) 6-8"(15-20cm)

q\

Nofej lhese suggestions are only guidelines and may have to be altered to meetndividual grower's needs- Check all chemical labets to ver| registration for use inyour region.

GERBERA SCHEDULING IN WEEKS:Winter and Spring 17 - 19Summer 16 - l8

Tnnsplant to fin16h crop time from a '288' plugWinter and Spring 11 - 12; Summer 9 - 10Winterand Spring 11 - 12; Summer9- 106" crcp,'72'plug Winter and Spring 12 - 13; Summer 10 - l1

Winter and Spring 12 - 14, Summer 10 - 12

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ENue Wo"derrMH E L I A T R, A PI U M AR tsORFS CENSMin imu m Germ ination Rate: 650/oSeed Product Form.'RawFLCIWERINGFlowering Mechanisrn.' Facultative long-day - long days enhance flowering.Flowering lype.'Facultative long-day - high irradiance will enhance flowering.Specific Flowering Mechanism: Heliotrope is a light accumulator; supplementallighting and daylength extension will hasten flower initiation.PLT.'G CUUTUREThe timing approximations are based on optimal culture recommendations below:Germination I (approximately day 1 - 10): From the time a seed is sown untilradicle emergence takes place, usually with the root penetrating the media andsome cotyledon development. Humidity in the air is 95 - 98% (humidification);media moisture 4+ - 5. Expect radicle emergence in 4 - 8 days.Cover.' Seeds may be mvered with a light layer of coarse vermiculite or growing mediumto mantain optimum mosture levels and so roots will penetrate growing media.Media: Avoid media compaction to allow for root penetration.

. pH: 5.5 - 5.8. EC:


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AecesrtrM, Shimmletr@, ffiltz 3&8re{u fu{osacrM, Victorianrmu lax'mbafaya@, XtremaerMI II4 PAT I E N S Kl/A CRA trAMinimum Germination Rafe.'Accent, Jambalaya, Shimmer and Xtreme 95%;Blitz 3000, Mosaic 90%; Victorian 85%Seed Product Form.' RawFLOWERINGTime frame when plants are receptive to flower initiation.' Days 12 - 14,2-4leavespresent.Flowering lype.' Day-neutral plant - will flower regardless of daylength.Specific Flowering Mechanism.'lrradiance has no effect. Drought stress willinduce early flowering.PLUG ELLTI"'RFGermination: Optimum conditions for seedling development that begins the day thecrop is sown until cotyledon expansion. Expect radicle emergence in 3 - 5 days.Cover Seeds may be covered with a light layer of medium vermiculite tomaintain moisture levels.Media: pH'.6.2 - 6.5 Low pH (


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StarshinerMLAURENTIA AXILLARIS F1Minimum Germination Rate: g0o/oSeed Product Form; Raw, MultipelletsFI-OWERINGTime frame when prants are receptive to flower initiation.. 6 - l0 reaves arepresentFlowering lype; Facultative long-day plant - long days enhance flowering.Flowering Mechanrbrn.' Daylength greater than 13 hours. lrradiance will hastenand enhance flowering and branching.PLUG EULTUREThe timing approxrmations are based on optimal culture recommendationsbelow:Germination (approximately day 1 - 14): From the time a seed is sown untilradicle emergence takes place; usually with the root penetrating the media andsome cotyledon development. Expect radicle emergence in 10 _ 14 days.Coyer.'No covering is required over the seed.Media: Avoid media compaction to allow for root penetration; pH: 5.S _ 6.EC:


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plug may eventually promote bud abortion. However, saturated media witt M&Rg&t* $t_*l_,jru& $ru WnK$encourage the development of a weak root system.Humidity:40 -70%Dehumidify: Provide horizontal airflow to aid in drying down the mediathrough evapotranspiration under cool, low light conditions.Fertilizers: Feed 1 - 2 times per week at 100 - 1 50 ppm nitrogen with acalcium-based ferlilizer (14-2-14). Boron levels in media should be at least0.5 ppm.Flower lnitiation' Optimum conditions to make plant receptive to flower initiation.Lrghf; Perfection s daylength sensitive, but can be tricked into blooming onshort compact plants by giving them short days (9-hour days) for 2 weeksbeginning at the time of initial sowing. Short days are recommended on

GROWING CIf,Transplant Readp 4 - 5 weeks from sow in a '288'tray.Finish Bulking/Flower lnitiation: Optimum conditions during the vegetativeperiod, beginning at transplant, needed for the root to reach the edge of thecontainerAND to make the plant receptive to flower initiation.Media: . pH: 6.2 * 6.5African Marigolds can be used as an indicator plant forlow pH conditions. Typical symptoms of low pH (


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VledallionrMM E L A {ttl P O D I U M P AL UD 0 S Utl{Min imu m Germ ination Rae: 7 5o/oSeed Product Fom.'RawFI-OWERINGFlowering Mechansm: Day-neutral plant - will flower regardless of daylength.Flowering Type: Day neutral - high irradiance will enhance flowering.PLTJG CI,JLTUREThe timing approximations are based on optimal culture recommendations below:Germination I (approximately day 1 -10): From the time a seed is sown untilradicle emergence takes place; usually with the root penetrating the media andsome cotyledon development. Humidity in the air is 95 - 98% (humidification).Expect radicle emergence in 6 - 8 days.Cover Seeds may be covered lightly with coarse vermiculite to maintainoptimum moisture levels during germination.Media: . pH: 5.8 - 6.2. EC: 0.5 - 0.75Lrglrf; Light is not necessary for germination.Moisture: Saturated (5), from day 1 - B or until radicle emergence(approximately day 8). lf you are unable to dehumidify on day 8, decreasethe starting moisture level from saturated (5) to a wet (4+).Humidity: 100% from day I * B or until seed coats are shed.Temperature:65'F (18'C) until day 10.Fertilizers: Matntain EC of 0.5 - 0.75.Germination 2 (approximately day 11 - 18): From the time cotyledon is observeduntil it is fully expanded. The roots have expanded throughout the media.Dehumidify from 98% to 50% in the air. Media moisture during the wet cycle rsusually 4 and 3 during the dry cycle; this wet-dry cycle should take place within12 - 24 hours for most plants. Melampodium has a faidy high water demand.Don't let plants dry out too often or too severely, or leaf edges can burn.Media: pH:5.8 - 6.2. EC: 0.75 - ILight: 2,000 - 3,000 foot candles (20,000 - 30,000 lux); 6 - 1 0 mots of tight.Moisture: Dry back media to wet (4) and alternation to moist (3) within 18 hoursat radicle emergence (approximately day 8).Dehumidify: Lower relative humidity to 40% (approximately day 8). Providehorizontal airflow to aid in drying down the media through evapotranspiration,allowing better penetration of oxygen to the roots.Temperature: Once cotyledons are observed, reduce temperature to 60'F(16"C).Fertilizers: 14-4-14 or 17-5-17 al 60 - 100 ppm nitrogen as needed for an EC inthe soil of 0.75 - 1.Fungicides: Preventative fungicide may be applied for Thielaviopsis andRhizoctonia between day 7 and 10.Plug Bulking/Flower Initiation (approximately d ay 19 - 28): The time ittakes for the shoots to proportionately fill the plug cell and for roots to developthroughout the media.Media: pH:5.8 - 6.2, EC: 1 - 1.50Ltghfi 3500 - 5500 foot candles (35,000 - 55,000 tux); 12 - 20 mols of tight.Temperature: 60'F (1 6"C)Moisture: Alternate between moisture level wet (4) to moist (3). Allow the soil toapproach moist (3), before re-saturating to wet (4). lf media is allowed to dry backfurther than (3), root damage may occur resulting in leaf edge burn.Fertilizers: 14-4-14 or 17-5-17 at75 - 125 ppm nitrogen, as needed for an EC inthe soil of 1 - 1.5.Growth Regulafors.' lf needed, spray B-Nine (daminozide) at 1,500 - 2,500 ppmrates higher than 2,500 ppm may cause distortion of the foliage.Fungicides: Preventative fungicide may be applied for Rhizoctonia, Pythium,and Phytophthora.lnitiated Bulking (approximately day 29 - 35): Seedlings develop from juvenile

to mature, usually determined by the number of leave present (cultivar sSeedlings are receptive to initiation and flower bud development.Light: Provide 4,750 - 7,500 foot candles (47,500 - 75,000 lux) or 17 -of light.Temperatu re: 60"F ( I 6"C)Fertilizer: 14-4-14 or 17-5-17 at 75 - 150 ppm nitrogen, as needed for athe soil of 1 .25 - 1.75.Fungicides: Preventative fungicide may be applied for Rhizoctonia, Pytand Phytophthora.GROWING OT{The timing approximations are based on optimal culture recommendationsTransplant to Finish (approximately day 36 -70): Optimize plant shootgrowth; usually 1:1 ratio. Flower buds are usually present and developingMedia: pH:5.8 - 6.2, EC: 1.25 - 1.75Lighf; Provide 5,000 - 7,500 foot candles (50,000 - 75,000) or 18 - 28 Temperature: 55' - 59"F (1 2' - 1 5.6"C)Moisfure.'Alternate between moisture levels wet (4) and moist (3). Allowto approach level (3) before re-saturating to wet (4).Humidity:40o/oFertilizers: 14-4-14 or 17-5-17 al 100 - 175 ppm, as needed for an ECof 1.7 - 2.Growth Regulators: B-Nine (daminozide) at 1,500 - 2,500 ppm.Fungicides: Preventative fungicide may be applied for Rhizoctonia, Pytand Phytophthora.TECHNIQUES TO ENHANCE POST HARVEST QUAL'TYWhen to Treat: I - 2 weeks prior to finish or shipping.Growth Regulators: B-Nine (daminozide) at 1,500 - 2,500 ppm.Fertilizer: Potassium nitrate drench at 150 ppm nitrogen.Common Diseases; Pythium, Rhizoctonia and Phytophthora. Monitor mand humidity levels and use preventative fungicide drenches.Common Pesfs; Aphids, White Flies and Thrips. Use pesticides accordlabel directions.

GARDEN SPECIFICATIONSLrghf.'Full sunUSDA Hardiness Zone.' NAAHS HeatZone: NA

The shortest crops times may be achieved when following recommendedculture. Deviation in environmental conditions will result in longer crop timAltle: iis srggeso]s 16 oniy guidelines and may have t be aitere{1 to mlt;rlirtidua! grawers needs. C'neck eli chemical lale/s o veri{y regislraltn fr u]raLt t*gia*.

fsXLAIWpOPLru SeF{ gp{.i-&l& l$d wcKsTotal crop time 8-10'128'plug crop time 5-6'200' plug crop time 4-5'288' plug crop time 3-4Transplant to finish crop time6" crop 1 0 - I I , depending on number of plugs transp8" crop 11 - 12, depending on number of plugs transp

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SaratogarMNICATIANA X AI-ATAMinimu m Germination Rate: 85okSeed Product Form; Pelleted, rawFLOWERINGTime frame when plants are receptive to flower initiation.' Days 26 - 30;4-6leavespresent.Flowering lype; Day-neutral plant - will flower regardless of daylength.Specific Flowering Mechanism.'Nicotiana is an irradiance plant. High lighttriggers flowering.PLUG E.,'LTUREGermination: Optimum conditions for seedling development that begins the day thecrop is sown until cotyledon expansion. Expect radicle emergence in 3 - 5 days.Cover No covering over the seed is required.Media: . pH: 5.5 - 5.8. EC: 0.75 - 1Lrghf; Light is necessary for germination. lf utilizing a chamber, providing a lightsource of 10 - 100 foot candles (100 - 1 ,000 lux) will improve germination andreduce stretch.Temperature: 70" - 75'F (21" - 24'C) days '! - 5 or until radicle emergence.Reduce to 65" - 68'F (1 8' - 20'C) until cotyledon expansion.Average Daly Temperature (ADT): 67'F (19"C)Moisture: Saturated (5) for days 1 - 5 or until radicle emergence. On days6 - 10 reduce moisture to moist (3). Beginning day 11 begin alternating betweenmoisture levels moist (3) and medium (2) until cotyledon expansion. Allow mediato approach level (2) before re-saturating to level (3).Humidity:100% until radicle emergence then reduce to 40%Dehumidify: Provide horizontal airflow to aid in drying down the media throughevapotranspiration, allowing better penetration of oxygen to the roots.Plug Bulking/Flower Initiation: Optimum conditions during the vegetativeperiod, beginning at cotyledon expansion, needed for the root to reach the edgeof the plug cell AND to make the plant receptive to flower initiation.Media: . pH: 5.5 - 5.8. EC:1.5-2Lrghf; Provide 3,500 - 4,500 foot candles (15 - 20 total mols or 35,000 - 45,000lux) to hasten flower induction. Supplemental lighting under low light conditions al350 - 450 foot candles (35,000 - 45,000 lux) will enhance shoot and root growth.Temperature: 65" * 68'F (1 B" - 20"C)Mo1sfure.'Alternate between moisture levels wet (4) and dry (1 ) Allow media toapproach level (1) before re-saturating to level (4). Do not lt seedlings wilt.Humidity:40 -70o/oDehumidify: Provide horizontal airflow to aid in drying down the media throughevapotranspiration, allowing better penetration of oxygen to the roots.Fertilizers: Nicotiana is a moderate to heavy feeder. Feed at 100 - 150 ppmnitrogen. Under high light conditions, apply an ammonium-based feed(17-5-17). Under low light conditions, apply a calcium-based feed (14-4-14).Under high light and long or extended days, an ammonium-based feed(20 - 1 0-20) is preferred.Growth Regulators: Established plug trays respond to B-Nine (daminozide)Bonzi (paclobutrazol), Sumagic (uniconazol) or Cycocel (chlormequat chloride).

GRCIWING ONTransplant Ready: 4 - 5 weeks from sow in a '288' tray.Finish Bulking/Flower Initiation: Optimum conditions during the vegetativeperiod, beginning at transplant, needed for the root to reach the edge of thecontainer AND to make the plant receptive to flower initiation.Media: . pH: 5.8 - 6.2. EC: 1- 1.5ighf.' Under low light conditions, supplemental lighting at 300 - 400 foot candles(3,000 - 4,000 lux) for an 1B-hour day will induce early flowering.Temperature: 65' - 68"F (18" - 20"C). Warmer temperatures will speed upflowering..Average Dily Temperature (ADT): 67'F (19'C)Moisfure; Alternate between wet (4) and dry (1.5)Allow media to approach level(1.5) before re-saturating to level (4). Nicotiana prefers to be grown on the dryside without wilting. Cabbage-like leaves are indicative of overuvatering.Humidity:40 -70%Dehumidify: Provide horizontal airflow to aid in drying down the media throughevapotranspiration, allowing better penetration of oxygen to the roots.Fertilizers: Ncotiana is a moderate to heavy feeder. Feed at 100 - 1 50 ppmnitrogen. Under high light conditions, apply an ammonium-based feed(17-5-17). Under low light conditions, apply a calcium-based feed (14-4-14).Under high light and long or extended days, an ammonium-based feed(20-10-20) is preferred. Additional potash applications can be applied until firstflower color appears.Growth Regulafors.'Established transplants can be treated initially with B-Nine(daminozide) at 5,000 ppm. Subsequent applications can be made every 3 - 4weeks at 2,500 ppm until buds are visible. Also responds to A-Rest (ancymidol),Bonzi (paclobutrazol), Sumagic (uniconazol) or B-Nine/Cycocel (chlormequatchloride) tank mix or negative DIF treatments.Com mon Drbeases.' Downy MildewCommon Pesfs; Aphids, Whitefly, Thrips, CutwormsPRODUCT IJSE GAR.DET, SPECIFICATIONS

' Packs, pots, containers, mass I Light: Parlial shade to full sunplantings ] USDA Hardiness Zone.'9AHS Heat Zone: 12 - 1

1/ole: Ihese suggestins are anly guicleines and may have f be a/lered to roefindividual gro*,rer's ned,s. Check al! therical labels tt> \,et'ify registralin far use inyaur regk:n.

O:,{dsmith,.SEEDS

F{ le*Tlp"f!,& S*&{ ffi SIJ ;-i ft*G ? hl Wffi H KSTotal crop time 9-11'288'plug crop time 4-5Transplant to finish crop timePacks 5-64" crop 6-76" crop 7-8

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ffixplosiverMCAPSICAM ANNAUMMinimum Germination Rate: BSYoSeed Product Form.'RawFLOWERINGFlowering Mechansm: Maturity and irradiance, high light and long days willshorten time to flower.Flowering lype; Day-neutral plant - will flower regardless of daylength.PLI,'G CIJI-T[JREThe timing approximations are based on optimal culture recommendations below:Germination I (approximately day 1 -7): From the time a seed is sown untilradicle emergence takes place; usually with the root penetrating the media andsome cotyledon development. Humidity in the air is 95 - 98% (humidification);media moisture 4+. Expect radicle emergence in l0 - 20 days.Cover.' Cover seeds with a thin layer of coarse vermiculite.Medrb.'Avoid media mmpaction to allow for root penetration. pH: 5.5 - 5.8. EC: 0.5 - 1 .Lrghf: Light is not necessary for germination.Moisture: Wet (4+), from day 1 - 7 or until radicle emergence (approximatelyday 10). lt is important not to avoid overwatering. Dehumidify on day'10 orwhenthe radicle has emerged.Humidity: 95 - 98% from day 1 - 10 or until seed coats are shed.Temperature:72" -76'F (24" -24'C) until day 10.Fertilizers: Maintain EC of 0.5 - 1.Germination 2 (approximately day 8 - 14): From the time cotyledon is observeduntil it is fully expanded. The roots have expanded throughout the media.Dehumidifu from 98% to 50 % in the air. Media moisture during the wet cycleis usually 4+ - 3, and 2 - 3 during the dry cycle; this wet-dry cycle should takeplace within 12 - 24 hours for most plants.Media: pH:5.5 - 5.8. EC:1 - 1.25Light: 2,000 - 3,000 foot candles (20,000 - 30,000 lux); 6 - 1 0 mots of tight.Moisture: Dry back media to moist (3) and alternation to medium (2) within 18hours at radicle emergence (approximately day 10).Dehumidify: Lower relative humidity to 40% (approximately day 10). Providehorizontal aillow to aid in drying down the media through evapotranspiration,allowing better penetration of oxygen to the roots.Temperature: Once cotyledons are observed, reduce temperature to 68' - 72"F(20' - 22'C).Fertilzerc: 144-14 or 17-5-17 at 60 - 75 ppm nitrogen as needed for an EC inthe soil of I - 1.25.Fungicides: Preventative fungicide may be applied for Pythium and Rhizoctoniabetween day 10 and 14.Plug Bulking/Flower Initiation (approximately day 15 - 21): The time ittakes for the shoots to proportionately fill the plug cell and for roots to developthroughout the media. lnduction and initiation may occur; if buds are present,they should be few in number and small in size.Media: pH:5.5 - 5.8. EC: 1.25 - 1.5Ligh;3,500 - 5,500 foot candles (35,000 - 55,000 tux); 12 - 20 mots of light.Temperature: 68' -72'F (20' - 22"C)Moisfure; Altemate between moisture level wet (4) to medium (2). Allow the soil toapproach medium (2), before re-saturating to wet (4). lf media is allowed to dry backfurther than (2), root damage may occur resulting in a lack of iron uptake. Watering orfertilizing late in the day may increase the susceptibility to airlcorne disease.Feilizers: High fertilizer levels will have a negative affect resulting in vegetativegrowth with long internodes. Use a 14-4-14 or 17-5-17 fertilizer at 75 - 100 ppmnitrogen, as needed for an EC in the soil of 1 - 1.25.Growth Regulafors; lf needed, spray B-Nine (daminozide) at 1,500 - 2,500 ppm.Fungicides: Preventative fungicide may be applied for Rhizoctonia, Pythium,and Phytophthora.lnitiated Bulking (approximately day 22 - 28): Seedlings develop from juvenileto mature, usually determined by the number of leaves present (cultivar specific).Seedlings are receptive to initiation and flower bud development.

Light: Provide 4,500 - 6,000 foot candles (45,000 - 60,000 tux) or 16 - 22 molsTemperature:68" - 72"F (20' -22'C); with a 5 - 8"F (2' - 4"C) negative Ddrop in the morning from 2 hours before sunrise until approximately 9 a.m.Fertilizer: 14-4-14 or 17-5-17 at 75 - 100 ppm nitrogen, as needed for an the soil of I - 1.25.Fungicides: Preventative fungicide may be applied for Rhizoctonia, Pythiuand Phytophthora.GROWING ONThe timing approximations are based on optimal culture recommendations bTransplnt to Frnrbh (approximately day 29 - 9B): Optimize plant shoot andgrowth, which is usually a 1:1 ratio. Flower buds are usually present and deveMedia: pH:5,5 - 5.8. EC: 1 .25 - 1 .5Lighf; Provide 5,000 - 7,500 foot candles (50,000 - 75,000) or 18 - 28 mTemperature: Days 72" - 75"F (22" - 23'C); Night 62' - 65"F (1 7' - 1 9'C70'F (21 "C); using a 5" - 10'F (2' - 5"C) negative DIFF or drop in the mofrom 2 hours before sunrise until approximately 9 a.m.Morbfure.'Alternate between moisture levels wet (4) and medium (2). Allowmedia to approach level (2) before re-saturating to wet (4). Avoid oveni,uateslight wilt between watering is accepiable.Humidity:40%Fertilizers: Fertilize weekly with a 14-4-14 or 17-5-17 atneeded for an EC in the soil of 1.25 - 1.5. 150 ppm, aGrowth Regulafors; B-Nine (daminozide) at 2,500 ppm. Avoid late applications of growth regulators since it can reduce the fruit size. Plant growth isregulated by moisture management, watering when plants are thoroughlyFungicides: Preventative fungicide may be applied for Rhizoctonia, Pythiuand Phytophthora.TEEHNIQUES TO ENhIANEE PCIST HARVEST QUALITYWhen to Treat: I - 2 weeks prior to finish or shipping.Growth Regulafors.'B-Nine (daminozide) at 2,500 ppm.Felilizer: Potassium nitrate drench at 150 ppm nitrogen.Common Diseases.' Botrytis, Rhizoctonia, Phytopthora and Pythium. Monmoisture and humidity levels and use preventative fungicide drenches.Common Pesfs.' Aphids, Fungus Gnats, Shore Flies, Spider Mites, ThripsWhitefly. Use pesticides according to label directions.

GARDEN SPECIFCATIONSLrghf.'Full sunUSDA Hardiness Zone: 11AHS Heat Zone: 12 - 1

* R nAl]! r d TAL p g p p R s * r"{ n {., {_ & G r ru wm m KsTotal crop time 17 -20'128' plug crop time 5-6'200' plug crop time 4-5'288'plug crop time 3-4Transplant to finish crop timeJumbo packs 13 - 14 from a '288' plug4" crop 13 - 16 from at'288'plug6" crop l3 - 16 from a'288'plug and three plants per

Blast 5-6"(12-15cm) 6-8"(15-20cm)Ember 10 - 12" (25 - 30 cm) 10 - 12'(25 - 30 cm)lgnite 3-5"(8-12cm\ 12 - 14" (30 - 35 cm)

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AstirMOS TE O S P E R M U M E CK OIV'SM i n im u m Germi n ation Rate: 85YoSeed Product Form.'RawFLOWERINGTime frame when plants are receptive to flower initiation; Days 21 - 28 days;4-6leavespresent.Flowering Type.'Day-neutral plant - will flower regardless of daylength.Specific Flowertng Mechanism.'Maturity of plants, cool nights and highirradiance will promote more flowers per plant.PLUG CUUTUREGermination: Optimum conditions for seedling development that begins the day thecrop is sown until cotyledon expansion. Expect radicle emergence in 8 - 12 days.Cover Cover seeds with a thin layer of medium sized vermiculite to maintainmoisture levels.Media: . pH: 5.8 - 6"2. EC:


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ColossusrM o fu{amxmot&?rMvIot_A wITTRACKIAt,4M ini m u m Germ i nation Rate: 90"/oSeed Product Form.' Raw, GoldSmartrM PrimedFLOWERINGFlowering Mechanism: lrradiance (primary); plants initiate on approximatelyday 15 with HID light for 16-18 hours OR total '15 - 20 mols (4'250 - 5'500foot candles or 42,500 - 55,000 lux) for 2 - 4 weeks at 67"F ( 1 9.5"C). Bud/flower initiation at approximately 3 - 5 leaves, days 12 - 28. An average dailytemperature of 67 - 70"F (19.5 - 21'C) will enhance flowering.PI-T'G CULTIJREThe timing approximations are based on optimal culture recommendations below:Germination I (approximately day 1 - 5): Humidity in the air 100%(humidification) from the time the crop is sown until radicle emergence takesplace; root initial has penetrated media; some cotyledon development. Expectradicle emergence in 2 - 5 days; 3 - 5 days for non-primed seed.Cover.'Cover seeds lightly with coarse vermiculite to maintain moisture levels.Medra.'Avoid media compaction to allow for root penetration' pH: 5'5 - 5.8;higher pH levels will encourage Thielaviopsis outbreak and boron deficiencywich may cause tip abortion and stunied growth. lnitial pH of presow mediumshould be on the low side of pH range because media pH tends to increaseunder saturated conditions. EC:


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Deltarnn Kanrnt*, futariposuMo $kyrn'tVIOLA, WITTRACK'ANAMinimum Germinalion Rafe..Mariposa B5%; Delta, Karma, Sky g0%Seed Product Form.'Raw, GoldSmartrM PrimedFLCIWERINGTime frame when plants are receptive to flower initiation.' Days 12 - 28;3-5leavespresent.Flowering lype; Day-neutral plant - will flower regardless of daylength.Specific Flowering Mechanism: High light and long days shorten time to flower.PLUG Ct.'LTUREGermination: Optimum mnditions for seedling development that begins the day thecrop is sown until cotyledon expansion. Expect radicle emergence in 2 - 4 days.Cover.'Cover seeds lightly with coarse vermiculite to maintain moisture levels.Media: pH'.5-5 - 5.8 Higher pH levels will encourage Thielaviopsis outbreaks andboron deficiencies which may cause tip abortion and stunted growth. EC:


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FinacoladarMPEVSTEMAiv BARSATUSMinimu m Germi n ation Rate : 7 5o/oSeed Product Form.'RawFLOWERINGSp*ific Flowering M*hanism: Daylength and inadiance have no effect" Maturity ofplants and cool nigt temperatures will promote more flowers per plant. No vemalizationis required. However, long days or vemalization will improve flowering uniformity.Flowering Iype.' Day-neutral plant.PLUG EULTURFThe timing approximations are based on optimal culture recommendations below:Germination I (approximately day 1 - 21): From the time a seed is sown untilradicle emergence takes place; usually with the root penetrating !h9 ryedi9and some cotyledon development. Expect radicle emergence in 14 - 21 days.Recommend 2 - 3 seeds per cell.Cover A very thin layer of medium sized vermiculite may be applied to maintainmoisture levls if desired, but light is required for germinationMedia: pH'.5.5 - 6. EC:


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StarlarMPENTAS Ai\'CEALATAM inim u m Germ ination Rafe.' 85%Seed Product Form; Pelleted, rawFLQWERINGTime frame when plants are receptive to flower intiation.' Days 16 - 21;3 - 5 leaves.Flowering lype.' Facultative long-day plant - long days enhance flowering.Specific Flowering Mechanism; Maturity in combination with high light andwarm temperatures.PLUG CU'-TUREGermination: Optimum conditions for seedling development that begins the daythe crop is sown until cotyledon expansion. Expect radicle emergence in 7 - 10days.Cover No coverng overthe seed is required.Media: . pH: 6.4 - 6.6 Watch for decreases of pH; below 6,Pentas show iron toxicity.

. EC:


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FrostrM, StornnrM, Eravor*, UltrarM, l-lunrahrM, PrlmefimerMP ET U N IA G RAN D t F LA RA/ p ET U t'l lA M U LT I F LO RAMinimum Germination Rafe.'Storm, Ultra: 90%; Frost, Bravo, Hurrah,PrimeTime: 85%Seed Product Form: Pelleted, rawFLOWERINGTime frame when ptants are receptive to flower initiation; Days 14 - 21;3 - 4 leaves.Flowering lype.' Facultative long-day plant - long days required for flowering'Specific Flowering Mechanism: Flowering is affected by daylength, irradianceand temperature.PLUG CULTTJREGermination: Optimum conditions for seedling development that begins the daythe crop is sown until cotyledon expansion.Expect radicle emergence in 3 - 5 days.Cover: Do not cover the seeds.Media: , pH: 5.5 - 5.8

. EC: 0.75 - 1Lighf: Light is necessary for germination. Provide a light source of 1 0 - 100 footcandles (100 - 1,000 lux) if utilizing a chamber.Moisture: Saturated (5) for days 1 - 3. On days 4 - 6 reduce moisture to wet (4)'Reduce further beginning day 7 to medium (2).Humidity:100% until radcle emergence then reduce to 40%.Dehumidify: Provide horizontal arflow to aid in drying down the media throughevapotranspiration, allowing better penetration of oxygen to the roots.Temperature:72" -76'F (22' -24'C) until radicle emergence. Gradually reduceto 62" - 65'F (16'- 19'C) as cotyledons expand.Ptug Butking/Flower lnitiation: Optimum conditions during the vegetativeperid, beginning at cotyledon expansion, needed for the root to reach the edgeof the plug cell AND to make the plant receptive to flower initiation.Media: . pH: 5.5 - 5.8

.EC: 0.5-1Light: Provide2,500 - 3,000 foot candles (2,500 - 3'000 lux). Supplementalligting at 400 foot candles (4,000 lux) for a 14-hour day will induce early flowering.Temperature:65" - 6B'F (18'- 20"C). Once seedlings are established,gradually reduce night temperatures to 59 F (15 C) to initiate early flowering.Average Daily Temperature (ADT): 67"F (19"C)Moisfure.'Alternate between moisture levels wet (4) and medium (2). Allowmedia to approach level (2) before re-saturating to.level (4).Humidity:40 -70%Dehumidify: Provide horizontal airflow to aid in drying down the media throughevapotranspiration, allowing better penetration of oxygen to the roots.Feitizers: Upon initial germination begin feeding early on with 50 ppm nitrogen.Pay attention to the addition of boron since low boron can cause tip abortion.Feed established seedlings at 100 - 150 ppm nitrogen. Under high lightconditions, apply an ammonium-based feed (17-5-17). Under low light conditions'apply a calcium-based feed (14-4-14). Under high light and long or extendeddays, an ammonium-based feed (20-1 0-20) is prefened. For more shoot growth,add an additional ammonium treatment to the schedule. To prevent stretchingunder low light and cool temperatures, reduce ammonium and apply onlycalcium-based fertilizer.Growth Regulafors.'Apply two applications of B-Nine (daminozide) at3,500 - 5,000 ppm after the first true leaves have appeared. Petunias are alsoresponsive to a negative DIF treatment, Bonzi (paclobutrazol) and Sumagic(uniconazol).

GRCIWING Ot\NTransplant Ready;4 - 5 weeks from sow in a '2BB'tray.Finish BulkinglFtower Initiation: Optimum conditions during the vegetatperiod, beginning at transplant, needed for the root to reach the edge of thcontainerAND to make the plant receptive to flower initiation.Media: . pH: 5.5 - 5.8 Yellow upper leaves may indicate iron deficienciespH is > 6.6.. EC: 1 - 1.5Llghf; Petunias need long days to flower. To initiate bud under short daysexiend day length to 13 hurs. Under long day, low light conditions, supplelighting of 350 - 500 foot candles (3,500 - 5,000 lux) may be necessary'Temperature: After transplant, Petunias require temperatures > 55'F (13nighis fbr the first 6 weeks to initiate flower bud development. After bud senilht temperatures can be lowered to 50"F (10"C) to encourage basal braanid compactness. However, lower temperatures may also substantially dthe number of flowers initiated. Downward cupping of leaves may indicatecool temperatures in combination with overwatering.Average Daily Temperature (ADT):67"F (19'C)Morsfure: Alternate between moisture levels wet (4) and dry (1) Allow meapproach level (1 ) before re-saturating to level (4).Dehumidify: Provide horizontal airflow to aid in drying down the media thevapofanspiration under cool, low light conditions.Fertilizers: Under high light conditions, apply an ammonium-based feed(17-5- 17). Under low light conditions, apply a calcium-based feed (14-4-1nder high light and long or extended days, an ammonium-based feed (220) is preferred. To prevent stretching under low light and cool temperaturreduce ammonium and apply only calcium-based fertilizer'Growth Regutators: Petunias are responsive to B-Nine (daminozide) at2,500 - 5,00 ppm. Apply B-Nine before the buds are visible. Late applicwill distort flower color and size. Also responds to DIF treatments, Bonzi(paclobutrazol), Sumagic (uniconazol) or B-Nine/Cycocel (chlormequat ctank mix.Common Diseases: Botrytis, RhizoctoniaCommon Pesfs; Thrips

GAREEN SPECIFICA"TIONLrgltf: Full sunUSDA Hardiness Zone:8AHS HeatZone:12- 1

14 - 16" (35 - 50 c14 - 16" (35 - 50 c12 - 14" (30 - 35 c12 - 14" (30 - 35 c

PETUNIA SChlEDULlf.G lN WEEKS


indit irlu*l grawet's needs. cherk all csrnca/ laire/s ia rrenfy regisir*frcn for yr regitl.

12 - 14" (30 - 35 cm)10 - 12" (25 - 30 cm)10 - 12" (25 - 30 cm)8 - 10" (20 - 25 cm)

www. go ld s m ith s eed s. co m 36 G.:jdsmith l4,EEDS


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Plushs, Ramblin/t,ttP ETU N IA X HYB R I DA / fRAJL''VGMi n imu m Germ inatio n Rate 85o/oSeed Product Form.'Pelleted, rawFLOWRINGTime frame when plants are receptive to ftower initation; Days 18 - 24;3-6leavespresent.Flowering lype; Facultative long-day plant - long days enhance flowering.Specific Flowering Mechanism: Flowering is affected by daylength, irradianceand temperature.PLN".'G CULTUREGermination: Optimum conditions for seedling development that begins the daythe crop is sown until cotyledon expansion. Expect radicle emergence in 3 - 5days.Coyer Seeds may be covered with a thin layer of coarse vermiculite to maintainmoisture levels.Media: . pH: 5.5 - 5.8

. EC: 0.75 - 1Lrghf Light is necessary for germination. Provide a light source of 10 - 100 footcandles (100 - 1 ,000 lux) if utilizing a chamber.Moisture: Saturated (5) for days 1 - 3 or until radicle emergence. On days 4 - 6reduce moisture to wet (4). Reduce further beginning day 7 to medium (2).Humidty:100% until radicle emergence then reduce to 40%.Dehumidify: Provide horizontal airflow to aid in drying down the media throughevapotranspiration, allowing better penetration of oxygen to the roots.Temperature:72" -76'F (22'-24"C) until radicle emergence. Gradually reduceto 65'- 68"F (18'- 20'C) as cotyledons expand.Plug Bulking/Flower Initiation: Optimum conditions during the vegetativeperiod, beginning at cotyledon expansion, needed for the root to reach the edgeof the plug cellAND to make the plant receptive to flower initiation.Media: . pH: 5.5 - 5.8 Yellow upper leaves may indicate iron deficiencies whenpH is > 6.6.EC: 1-1.5Lrghf; Petunias need long days to flower. To initiaie bud under short days, extendday length to 13.5 - 14 hours. Under long day, low light conditions, supplementallighting of 350 - 500 foot candles (3,500 - 5,000 lux) may be necessary.Temperature: After transplant, Petunias require temperatures > S5"F (13.C)nights for the first 6 weeks to initiate flower bud development. After bud set, ihenight temperatures can be lowered to 50'F (1 0"C) io encourage basal branchingand compactness. Howeve lower temperatures may also substantially decreas!the number of flowers initiated. Downward cupping of leaves may indicate toocool temperatures in combination with ovenvatering.Average Daily Temperature (ADT):67"F (19"C)/lfoisfure; Alternate between moisture levels wet (4) and dry (1) Allow media toapproach level (1) before re-saturating to level (4).Humidity: 40 - 50VoDehumidify: Provide horizontal airflow to aid in drying down the media throughevapotranspiration, allowing better penetration of oxygen to the roots.Feilizers: Upon initial germination begin feeding early on with 50 ppm nitrogen.Pay attention to the addition of boron since low boron can cause tip abortion.Feed established seedlings at 100 - 150 ppm nitrogen. Under high lightconditions, apply an ammonium-based feed (17-5-17). Under low light conditions,apply a calcium-based feed (14-4-14). Under high light and long or extendeddays, an ammonium-based feed (20-10-20) is preferred. For more shoot growth,add an additional ammonium ireatment to the schedule. To prevent stretchingunder low light and cool temperatures, reduce ammonium and apply on

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