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TRANSFORMS

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J E N N I F E R P U L L I N G

T H E B O O K T H AT

T R A N S F O R M S I N TO

A WO R K O F A RT

J E N N I F E R P U L L I N GJENNIFER PULLING is a writer, playwright and journalist. In 2002 she founded Catsnip, a charity working with street cats in Sicily, a tale she tells in The Great Sicilian

Cat Rescue: One English Woman’s Mission to Save an Island’s Cats.

Paperscapes: The Cat captures the characters and charms of one of humankind’s most ancient

and revered companions.

Lovingly lyrical descriptions of more than 50 breeds are accompanied by beautiful photographs, which

press out to transform your book into a work of art.

T H E

T H E

C A TPaperscapes: The Cat captures the characters Paperscapes: The Cat captures the characters Paperscapes: The Cat

and charms of one of humankind’s most ancient

PAPE R SCA PES

PAPE R SCA PES

journalist. In 2002 she founded Catsnip, a charity working with street cats in Sicily, a tale she tells in

Cat Rescue: One English Woman’s Mission to Save an Island’s Cats

£20www.andredeutsch.co.uk

Jacket cover photographs courtesy of Alamy, Animal Photography & Shutterstock.Printed in Heshan, China

Also Available:

ISBN-13: 978-0-233-00582-9

9 7 8 0 2 3 3 0 0 5 8 2 9

I N S T R U C T I O N S

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Ragdol l

To press around each cat, hold the page steady with one hand and use your other hand to press gently on the delicate edges. Discard

the excess card, smooth the edges with your fingers, and display.

I N T R O D U C T I O N

The enigmatic feline has fascinated for centuries, at some times revered as a goddess and later reviled as the witch’s familiar. Thanks

to the discovery of an ancient burial site in Cyprus, there is evidence to suggest we’ve lived in harmony with cats in Europe since 9,500 BC. Originally prized for their hunting ability, when they formed a mutually useful relationship with farmers, cats are now cutie stars of the Internet and furry babies in many a home.

Nevertheless, their mystery remains. In my ongoing dialogues with my cat, Sheba, I’ve learned she leads a double life. In the house, she is an overgrown kitten gazing at me adoringly. Out on the tiles, she is her own boss, a free-living, wild creature. Her mind has floated off into a feline world where two legged creatures don’t exist. Cats have the ability to evolve but revert to atavistic principles with the flick of a cat flap.

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Every feline possesses the hunt/kill instinct to some degree. In hybrid breeds like the Bengal and Savannah this can be highly developed, making them a menace to other domestic cats. Anyone considering these breeds needs to be very clear what they are taking on and train them to go outside on a harness and lead. Also, allowing these exotic cats to roam risks their being stolen.

From the chatty Siamese to the gentle giant Maine Coon, the lovable Korat to the weird and wonderful Lykoi or Werewolf cat: every breed in this book has something special to offer. But in considering a feline companion, it is well to remember the thousands of beautiful cats living in our shelters, just waiting to bestow their affection and loyalty on anyone who gives them a home.

It’s surely unremarkable that we have nurtured our feline-human relationships for so many thousands of years.

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WEIGHT M 6 kg–9kg (13.2–20lb) F 4–6kg (8.8–13.2lb)TEMPERAMENT Placid and af fect ionate

L IFESPAN 12+ yearsCOLOURS Ar ray of colours and patter ns

The British Shorthair has a calm and benign expression – no wonder he inspired the Cheshire Cat’s smile in Alice’s Adventures in

Wonderland, and is the knowing feline in Puss-in-Boots. Another claim to fame is the tabby British Shorthair mascot of the Whiskas brand of cat food.

With their short, plush coat, round head and cheeks, big, round eyes and rounded body, the British Shorthair resembles nothing so much as a cuddly teddy bear. Being a big cat, they don’t like being carried around,

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although will happily lie on the keyboard when their owner is trying to work. They like to be involved with everything going on and will rub visitors’ legs in greeting. Slow to mature and kittenish until around five years old, they are then apt to become couch potatoes. That’s the time to watch their weight, as they are likely to pile on the pounds.

These laid-back cats are one of the most popular breeds in Britain, being known for their placid and affectionate nature. Lack of food devastated their numbers during the two World Wars. They were saved from extinction by introducing breeds such as the Russian Blue.

Their history goes way back, as they are one of the world’s oldest cat breeds. Experts think that the feline is descended from cats imported to Rome from ancient Egypt. When the Romans invaded Great Britain in 43 CE, they brought the cats with them. British Shorthairs existed as street cats and barn mousers until "the father of the cat fancy" Harrison Weir – a nineteenth-century animal lover – began breeding classic examples of the country’s native cats.

These are champion purrers. In 2011, a 12-year-old British Shorthair named Smokey was declared to have the world’s loudest purr. His vocal rumblings measured 67.7 decibels, as noisy as a lawn mower.

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WEIGHT M 3.2–4.5kg (7–10lb) F 2.2–3.6kg (4.9–8lb)TEMPERAMENT Intel l igent, sociable, af fect ionate

L IFESPAN 12–14 yearsCOLOURS White, black, cinnamon, etc.

The Ojos Azules captivate with their sapphire-blue eyes set against many differently coloured coats. Spanish for “blue eyes”, these cats

are extremely rare although recognized as a distinct breed in 1991. However, the breathtaking combination of fur colour and blue eyes has been noted in Australia where no Ojos Azules were imported. It is believed these cats may be the result of a spontaneous mutation in the domestic population.

The story of these cats begins in 1984 when an unusual colony was

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discovered roaming an area in New Mexico. Some had striking blue eyes, which led to their name. Breeders rescued a tortoiseshell feline that was later named Cornflower. She became the matriarch of the breed when, sired by males with more typical eye colours, she gave birth to kittens with the same azure eyes. This proved that the trait was a dominant gene. However, kittens born to two Ojos Azules will inherit both their genes, resulting in health issues, and few breeders have since worked with these extremely beautiful cats.

The Ojos Azules have short, soft and silky coats. They often have white patching on the feet, face and tail, which is associated with the gene that causes those wonderful eyes.

Because of their rarity, little is known of the Ojos Azules’ temperament. Those who have had the pleasure of their company describe them as being sociable and affectionate cats. Like many felines, they adore to be stroked behind the ears. They are intelligent and may take their time to accept visitors. Although active, they don’t engage in ill-mannered behaviour but prefer to relax on their human’s bed. It remains to be seen if their numbers will increase, allowing us to learn more of these remarkable cats’ personality.

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WEIGHT M 5.4–8.2kg (12–18lb) F 4.5–6.8kg (10–15lb)TEMPERAMENT Laid-back, gentle, quiet

L IFESPAN 13–16 yearsCOLOURS Typicall y tabby with t icking and spots

“Big feet” Pixie-Bob is a cat with more than the usual number of digits on its paws. This, together with long toes, gives the

breed a rolling gait similar to that of true wild felines. Their heavy-browed, deep-set eyes and bushy brows reinforce their legendary mix of bobcats and barn cats. Paradoxically, these felines, with their lynx- like ears, are well behaved and even dog-like in their patient devotion to their family, including children and other pets. Founding breeder Carol Ann Brewer describes the Pixie-Bob as “part monkey” because

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of their intelligence, curiosity and dexterity.These felines originate from northwestern USA and closely resemble

the Red Bobcat found in these regions. Carol Ann Brewer rescued a male, classic mackerel tabby, Keba. He was an extremely big cat with a short tail, and Carol believed he was the result of a mating between domestic and bobcat felines. When he mated with a barn cat, Maggie, they produced a reddish-fawn female kitten with muted spots. Called Pixie, she became the matriarch of this breed.

Pixie-Bobs have a mackerel or striped coat pattern, sometimes with rosettes, giving the feline the bobcat appearance. Their thick, woolly coats are either short or long haired and, as with their wild cousins, they change colour according to the season. The markings are more distinct in summertime and more muted in wintertime.

These felines might be described as dogs in cats’ clothing. They are laid-back characters that don’t need constant entertainment. Rather than meow, these quiet creatures will chirp and chatter. Strong and playful like bobcats, they are also calm and gentle like other domestic breeds. It is easy to train Pixie Bobs, which have even been described as obedient. Obedient? A cat? There’s always a first time.

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WEIGHT M 5.0–6.8kg (11–15lb) F 2.7–4.5kg (6–10lb)TEMPERAMENT Placid and discreet

L IFESPAN 12–15 years COLOURS Blue

This elegant cat inspired Colette to write a novel about a man who loves his Chartreux cat, Saha, more than his wife. The French

writer lovingly described her own feline companion, Saha, as a “pearl grey devil” and a “little bear with fat cheeks and golden eyes”.

The origins of this very old breed are ambiguous. One explanation is that its ancestors were feral mountain cats from the Middle East, brought to France by knights returning from the Crusades. These rare cats, prized for their thick blue coats, were given into the care

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of Carthusian monks. Whatever the truth, the Chartreux has lived in France a long time and has been documented, painted and written about since as early as the sixteenth century.

The Chartreux is a lighter, more slender and refined version of the British Blue Shorthair, each truly and unusually “blue” in coloration. Both are robust and muscular, but the Chartreux has fine-boned legs, fondly dubbed “a potato on toothpicks”. The breed has very fast reflexes and is reputed to be an exceptional mouser, highly prized by farmers.

A legend relates that the monks bred Chartreux cats to be quiet during meditation; certainly they are a discreet breed that chirps and trills rather than meows. Known for their smile, due to the structure of the head and tapered muzzle, they are self-confident, placid and friendly felines.

Admired by the French president Charles de Gaulle, these cats are observant and have been known to operate radio buttons with their faces and paws. They will grace someone’s lap but only on their own terms. Having quietly fled an unpleasant situation, it’s likely they’ll be found watching television.

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WEIGHT M 3.2–4.5kg (7–10lb) F 2.3–3.6kg (5–8lb)TEMPERAMENT Affect ionate and kit tenish

L IFESPAN 10–15 yearsCOLOURS Various colours, ini t ial l y brown tabby

A humble cat called Curly, born on an Oregon cherry farm in the 1980s, accidentally rose to fame as the progenitor of the LaPerm.

When a litter of six kittens was born to a barn cat, one was completely bald. However, it gradually began to grow a full coat of curly hair. Oblivious of the feline’s uniqueness, Linda, the owner, allowed her cats the run of the farm and orchard. Over the next 10 years, more bald kittens were born, later to sprout the same wondrous rippled fur. Finally, Linda realized that Curly possessed a new dominant gene that she had

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passed on to generations of kittens. Suspecting she might have a new breed on her hands, Linda took her cats – now named LaPerms – to a cat show, where they amazed the feline cognoscenti. Today, this breed has proved to be a popular companion cat thanks to their charming, affectionate nature.

LaPerms are a delight to stroke, whether long or short haired, with their soft ringlets and waves. The curls extend to whiskers and eyebrows, and they have distinctive tufts to their ears. LaPerm felines come in just about every colour and pattern, but all of them have almond-shaped eyes, set at a slight slant, which adds to the cat’s exotic appearance.

In spite of their glamorous wavy coat and flamboyant name, these felines seem to have retained a wild and inquisitive “catness” about them. They love to explore the outside world and retain playful, kittenish personalities throughout their lives. They might not be very talkative, but they enjoy human company. One of their endearing qualities is to use their paws to pat their owner’s face or hands, just to let them know when they need attention or food. Sharing a home with a LaPerm is such fun.

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WEIGHT M 4–6.3kg (8.8–14lb) F 2.6–4kg (5.7–8.8lb)TEMPERAMENT Confident, adaptable, loving

L IFESPAN 16–18 yearsCOLOURS 12 variants, al l spotted

You might imagine you are seeing things when you first set eyes on an Ocicat. This spotted feline appears to have come straight from the

wild, an almost exact replica of the Ocelot that roams the rainforests of South America. In fact, the Ocicat is completely domestic, the result of a glorious accident of interbreeding. Beautiful, intelligent and fun loving, the breed is known as affectionate and loyal with many doglike traits.

In 1964, a kitten with golden spots and copper eyes was born. It startled the breeder, Virginia Daly, who was trying to create a

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Siamese with Abyssinian points, and she had succeeded, apart from this unusually marked feline named Tonga. Her daughter gave it the nickname “Ocicat” because of its uncanny resemblance to the Ocelot. By accident, Daly had created a new breed.

There is only one word to describe the bodies of these large, active cats: athletic. They are solid and muscular and their satiny, spotted coats fit like a glove. Although the first generations of Ocicats were ivory, they now come in any of 12 different colours and colour combinations. As the breed has developed, many cats have a darker, orange-tinged coat which makes them look even more like the wild Ocelot. The distinctive feature is their large, thumb-shaped spots in a classic bullseye pattern.

Their outgoing personality makes them natural leaders, a role they may play with other pets in the household. Many Ocicats can be taught to sit and lie down just like a dog, and they even play tug of war if anyone attempts to take a toy away from them. They will follow their humans around, and love to sit on someone’s shoulder. True to their Siamese origin, they are very talkative and will welcome their human with a loud meow greeting.

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WEIGHT M 4.8–6.8kg (10.6–15lb) F 3.2–4.5kg (7–9.9lb)TEMPERAMENT Sensit ive, sel f-suf f ic ient, char ming

L IFESPAN 12–15 yearsCOLOURS Shimmering blue

With the poise and grace of a dancer and spellbinding green eyes, the Russian Blue is the star of many TV advertisements. As if

aware of their famed beauty, they will remain aloof until they think a human is worthy of their presence. This breed is very sensitive and has even been recognized as having healing powers. Once a Russian Blue adopts you, they will charm with their affectionate company, and even clown around to try to lighten your mood. Nevertheless, they are self-sufficient cats and will amuse themselves if left alone.

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It is believed that this elegant cat first arrived in the UK in the nineteenth century, brought home by sailors returning from the Russian port of Archangel; the breed was once called the Archangel Cat. Among the legends that surround them is that they were the cats of the Czars.

Their water-resistant double coats resemble the plush fur of a beaver and are designed to protect them from Northern Russia’s harsh climate. Its beautiful blue colour is silver tipped, giving a shimmering appearance. The Russian Blue's broad, wedge-shaped head, with its seven flat planes, are unique to the breed. The expression in their eyes makes them seem deep in thought. But once they bestow upon you their emerald gaze, it is as if they are divining your soul.

These are cats that dislike change and prefer few friends. They are wary of strangers and have a long memory for harsh words or actions. It has been suggested that Russian Blues were once hunted for their beautiful coats. Today’s cats certainly retain the quick-footedness and keen senses of the hunted. It might also explain their cautiousness and dislike of loud noises. Perversely, they seem to sense when someone dislikes cats and try, in their quiet voice, to win them over.

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WEIGHT VariableTEMPERAMENT VariableL IFESPAN 10–15 yearsCOLOURS Many colours

According to RSPCA statistics, there is a cat population of eight million in the UK, and many of them are moggies. These non-

pedigree cats come in just about every shape, colour and size. “Moggy” is old British slang originating from “Maggie”, once used to describe a dishevelled, old woman.

They can be long or short haired, tabby, ginger, white or midnight black, like my much-loved moggy. They may have blue, yellow, gold, green or even odd eyes of different colours.

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Sharing your home with a moggy can be serendipitous, as they haven’t the personality traits of specific breeds – some moggies are friendly, others shy; there are those that are quiet, others chatty. Give one of these felines a home and you’ll find it has several advantages over the purebred. If we stopped selectively breeding cats they would revert back to their wild, robust type. Thus, without human interference, nature selects the strongest genes so that a moggy is likely to be healthier, smarter: a low-maintenance, loving companion.

While every cat is beautiful in our hearts, some moggies may have purebred genes from their ancestors and can be stunning. Sugar and Spice, a three-year-old tortoiseshell, won the class for household pets at the Supreme Cat Show in 2011. “She’s a lovely cat with a superb, natural temperament,” said her owner. “She even licked the judges.”

Nevertheless, there are far too many moggies living in cat shelters and their luck in finding a new home often depends on their colour. New research shows ginger moggies are cat owners’ favourites, because they are perceived as friendly and lovable. In contrast, white cats are seen as aloof and distant, tabby cats as intolerant, and as for “unlucky” black cats… well, mine has proved superstition untrue!

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WEIGHT M 3.2–4.5kg (7–10lb) F 2.3–3.5kg (5–7.7lb)TEMPERAMENT Adaptable and dog-like

L IFESPAN 15+ yearsCOLOURS Various colours

Unlike the Scottish Fold cat, whose small, floppy ears are the result of a genetic condition that may result in short and painful lives,

the gene that causes the American Curl’s ear to flip backward isn’t associated with any physical malformations. It is, in fact, a spontaneous genetic mutation, made up of cartilage that is firm to the ends of the ears. It also does not affect the cat's hearing.

The American Curl is one of the youngest breeds to grace the cat world. Discovered in 1981 in Lakewood, California, the first American

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Curl was a stray, a black beauty named Shulamith. She later gave birth to a litter of kittens, two with curled ears, two with the straight ears of their father. This showed that Shulamith’s folded ears were caused by a dominant genetic trait, since only one parent with the gene was needed to pass it down to the kittens. The American Curl was finally established as an entirely new breed.

Because of its feral origin, this feline comes in a wide range of colours and patterns. The coat can be short or long haired, the latter boasting a magnificent plumed tail. Their Lynx-like tufted ears and large, walnut-shaped eyes give the cat a joyful, friendly expression.

The American Curl has an attentive, dog-like personality, adaptable and affectionate with everyone human and otherwise. They’re likely to welcome you home with a head bump. Known as the Peter Pan of cats, they’ll retain their energetic kittenish nature right through her life. The breed is not very vocal. Instead, they will let you know when they need something by making a quivering, trill-like cooing sound.

The American Curl has a knack for mastering mischievous acts. One of their special talents is opening cupboards and doors; they can even turn doorknobs.

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WEIGHT M 4–5kg (8.8–11lb) F 3–4kg (6.6–8.8lb)TEMPERAMENT Child-like and playful

L IFESPAN 13–20 yearsCOLOURS Many colours including black, fawn and cream and colour patter ns

The Sphynx cat has been described as “part monkey, part dog, part child, part cat”. This strange-looking breed might be apparently

hairless, but those who own them fall in love with the cat’s appearance and lively, mischievous personality.

The Sphynx cat came about by a natural mutation when a Canadian domestic shorthair cat gave birth to a hairless kitten. Prune was mated back to his mother and some of their bald kittens were exported to Europe where they obtained the breed’s name.

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In fact, their bodies are covered in soft, downy hair so that stroking them is like handling a warm peach. Lemon-shaped eyes and very large ears set at an angle on their bony, prominent-cheeked heads contribute to their “little alien” appearance. Their kittens are born very wrinkly, but their folds start to vanish as they mature, though a few wrinkles remain, more especially on their heads.

The Sphynx is possibly one of the most sociable and intelligent cats in the world. These child-like creatures bond strongly with their owners and want to be close to them all the time. They are larger than life in many ways. Extremely outgoing and affectionate, they are lively and playful well into old age. Having a fast metabolism, they eat more than other breeds.

Because of their unique skin surface, Sphynx cats are extremely sensitive to heat, cold and humidity and are often kept as indoor cats. But it takes plenty of toys and interaction to keep these mischief-makers occupied. They need special grooming, a wipe with a damp cloth rather than a brush – especially in hot weather, when they may become sweaty – and the occasional bath using a gentle shampoo.

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WEIGHT M 4.5–5.8kg (10–12.8lb) F 2.4–3.6kg (5.3–8lb)TEMPERAMENT Loyal, af fect ionate, independent

L IFESPAN 12–15 yearsCOLOURS White and black

In spite of its startling appearance, the werewolf cat was not “created” but based on second chances. The Gobble family, who

founded the breed, confirm: “Most of the Lykoi we’ve found have been feral, strays or in shelters. Some were set to be euthanized simply for being ‘different’.” These unique-looking and healthy felines are a natural-mutation breed.

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For some time, werewolf features were found in both domestic and feral black cats. In 2010, the Gobble family adopted two Lykoi kittens from unrelated litters. Their offspring were born with distinctive werewolf features, and a healthy, likeable breed was established while continuing to support rescues. Today, all Lykoi kittens are neutered before they are homed, so there is no risk of unscrupulous breeding.

Some say the Lykoi are ugly but there are many who find them beautiful. Born with a solid colour, the kittens’ coats fall out to be replaced by a mix of solid white and solid black hairs; the more white there is, the more silver and wolf-like the fur appears. Known as roan, this colouration is found in no other feline breed, only in dogs and horses. Light patches of skin around the eyes, nose and mouth give them a strange dog-like aspect. Their skinny body and yellow eyes glinting in scruffy faces reinforce the werewolf look.

Lykoi translates to “wolf cat” from Greek, and this certainly reflects their behaviour. While loyal and affectionate, they have a strong catch-and-kill drive and will stalk toys, other pets and even people before they pounce. One owner reports a kitten investigating a scent and his siblings following, tails up and erect like a pack of wolves.

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WEIGHT M 5–6kg (11–13.2lb) F 3–4kg (6.6–8.8lb)TEMPERAMENT Energet ic, at tention seeking

L IFESPAN 12–14 yearsCOLOURS Ticked red, blue and fawn

The Somali must surely be the essence of the proverb “in a cat’s eye, all things belong to cats.” Those large, almond-shaped eyes

enquire about everything they see. That agile, long-legged body is constantly in movement and up to all kinds of antics, exploring, leaping to the highest point of a room, and swiping your fingers from the keyboard just to make sure it has your full attention. This is a challenging, astute and always entertaining breed.

There are records of long-haired Abyssinian kittens dating back to

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the twelfth century. However, it was not until the 1960s that Somali cats were developed by an American Abyssinian breeder and given the name as a nod to that country.

The Somali has been called an Abyssinian cat in an overcoat. It has the same expressive face but with a shaggy, ticked coat whose every hair contains six contrasting colours, from the root to the tip.

Their ears are tufted and a full, bushy tail gives them a wild, “little fox” appearance. These felines’ mouths have slightly upturned corners giving the impression of a smile, which goes well with their amiable nature. Their paws are compact and oval shaped, making them seem to be standing on tiptoe. A dark eyeliner marking emphasizes the gem-like gold, amber or green of their gorgeous eyes, which is then surrounded by spectacle markings of a lighter colour.

Above all, it is the personality of these animated cats that makes them endearing. Their zest for life is infectious and their attention-seeking, clownlike nature a constant amusement. It is difficult to know what they will be up to next. They love to be with you all the time and share in everything you do. In return, and with their happy chirrup, they will offer their love and loyalty.

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WEIGHT M 4.5–5.5kg (10–12lb) F 3.5–4.5kg (7.7–10lb)TEMPERAMENT Playful, inquisi t ive, af fect ionate

L IFESPAN 12–15 yearsCOLOURS Various, tortoiseshel l , tabby

Claimed to have originated as Singapore’s drain cats – feral colonies inhabiting the city’s storm drains during the dry season – the

Singapura are little imps. They are the smallest of domestic cats but with a flamboyant personality. It often seems they are flying felines, preferring to leap from shelf to cupboard top rather than stay on the ground. And when they come to rest, often on a handy shoulder, they will watch their human’s every move.

Small cats with a brown-ticked coat have been known in Singapore

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at least since 1965. The Singapura were developed from those cats by Hal and Tommy Meadow. Their felines, Ticle, Pusse, Tes, George and Gladys, were the foundation of the pedigree. Another cat, Chiko, adopted later from a shelter in Singapore, added to the gene pool. In 1993, the Singapura became the official symbol of the city. Two pedigree cats were returned there and were models for statues placed alongside the Singapore River, where the breed supposedly began its existence.

These felines look as if they’ve stepped out of a nineteenth-century photograph. The silky coat is a warm, ivory colour ticked with sepia brown that lends a shimmery tone. They have strikingly large, wide ears and eyes that are hazel, celadon green or gold. Those eyes twinkle with the mischief the Singapura will get up to.

These tiny, gentle felines have a voice to match but everything else about them is larger than life. People who welcome a Singapura into their lives say it’s like having a caring, affectionate and sensitive friend. They are just about as curious as a cat can be and will squeeze themselves into the most unlikely places. These charming sprites keep on playing well into adulthood. They seek out warmth and are likely to be found not on but in your bed.

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WEIGHT M 6–8kg (13.2–17.6lb) F 4–5kg (8.8–11lb)TEMPERAMENT Easy going, gentle, empathet ic

L IFESPAN 12–15 yearsCOLOURS Several colours, including si lver tabby

The most unusual characteristic of this all-American feline is the odd sensation when you stroke their coat. The crimped, tight fur has a

springy and resilient texture, often described as like lamb’s wool and unexpected in a cat. What makes it even more interesting is that the mutation for a wiry coat is unique to the United States, so found nowhere else in the world. From humble beginnings – the kinky-coated offspring of two unremarkable farm cats – the breed has made good in the cat fanciers’ world. All American Wirehair cats can be traced back to Adam, the red

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and white male whose every hair, including his whiskers, were twisted and sometimes hooked at the tip. Genetic analysis has shown that his coat was unique and unrelated to the Cornish or Devon Rexes – a breed in its own right.

American Wirehairs’ coats need very little human care and can actually be damaged by grooming. Apart from their distinct texture, they come in all colours and patterns, but the wiriness can vary from spiked to curly, soft to the touch but springing back into place. Their eyes are almond shaped and set nicely apart, giving them a sweet, some say mysterious, look. Their muscular legs give them enough thrust to leap into the air after insects.

These felines’ coats may be wired, but their nature is totally different. They are easy-going with gentle affectionate ways. Although playful, their voice is small and they are not forever demanding attention. Instead they are fascinated by windowsills and are happy to lie there, contentedly watching birds and falling leaves. Many retain the hunting instincts of their farm-cat forebears, as well as their independence. While they may not be lap cats, they are known to be able to sense their human’s mood and comfort them by staying close.

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WEIGHT M 4–5kg (8.8–11lb) F 3–4kg (6.6–8.8lb)TEMPERAMENT Companionable

L IFESPAN 15–20 yearsCOLOURS Jet black

As exotic as their name, the muscular Bombay cat, with its glossy, jet-black coat and large round eyes of copper gold, brings to mind

a miniature black leopard. This blackness extends from ear tips to paw pads, uncommon among most felines. Inclined to be quite hefty yet agile, they have rounded heads, full faces and a sturdy muzzle; their ears are set wide apart and tilted slightly forward.

Bombays have a tendency to stare intently at a person or thing, which can be unnerving until you remember they are very intelligent

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cats, probably intent on understanding the mysteries of life.They may be one of the biggest attention seekers in the feline world.

Sit down to relax and you’ll see those beautiful, big eyes imploring to let them sit on your lap. Loyal and sensitive, they tend to select a certain household member on whom to lavish their love and attention, and resent being left too long on their own – hence their nickname: Velcro cat. A paradoxical cat that might seem at first a little reserved, they will proceed to do an about-face and stick to you like glue. They’ll purr loudly like the big cat they resemble and are very vocal, matching the tone of a human voice with their vocabulary of meows.

Why are they called Bombay? India is one of the major places where the black leopard is found, and, as this breed was created to look like that ebony wildcat, breeder Nikki Horner chose to name it thus.

No cat enjoys cold and wet weather and the Bombay is no exception. Typically they prefer to live indoors rather than be an out-and-about cat. They love to be warm, seeking the sunlight or a radiator when it turns chilly. They’ll also snuggle up on their owner’s bed, if allowed.

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WEIGHT M 4.5–5.4kg (10–11lb) F 3.6–4.5kg (8–10lb)TEMPERAMENT SociableL IFESPAN 8–14 years

COLOURS Many colours, including tortoiseshel l

Tailless cats have lived on the Isle of Man for hundreds of years, but whether the original Manx cat was born there or arrived on

a ship is not clear. It is believed that the absence of a tail is caused by a dominant gene mutation that spread among the island cats. To compensate for the lack, these felines have sensitive vestibular apparatus inside their ears, enabling them to walk without wobbling. However, kittens that inherit the gene can be born with full-length tails, stubby tails or no tails at all.

M A N X

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Manx cats are known for their roundness: jowly cheeks, round ears and eyes set in a round head, with a stocky, short-backed body ending in a rounded rear. Their long powerful back legs make them an ace jumper and contribute to the “Manx hop”, a rabbit-like gait, due to the front limbs being shorter. They come in a wide palette of colours and patterns, ranging through silver, tortoiseshell, tabby, smoke and black. Myths surround this ancient breed; one is that the Manx descended from a mating between a cat and a rabbit.

This charming and sociable cat converses in a soft, trilling voice and loves to hop on any available lap. The breed began life as a mouser and retains fine hunting skills and an alert nature, growling threateningly or maybe even going on the attack at the sight or sound of anything out of the ordinary.

The Manx is an intelligent cat that can learn tricks including fetch, and is willing to walk on leash if taught early. They are also good at learning how to open doors.

As an island cat, they enjoy playing in water and can be discovered turning on taps or dipping a fishing paw in a fountain. A cat to be reckoned with.

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WEIGHT M 5.4–7.2 kg (12–16lb) F 4.5–5.5kg (10–12lb)TEMPERAMENT Jovial

L IFESPAN 10–15 yearsCOLOURS Various colours

The Selkirk Rex just oozes charm. Owners report an almost irresistible desire to pick them up for a cuddle. They are jovial,

purry cats with a placid, laid-back nature and sweet expression. With their thick coats of tousled-looking woolly curls, they are sometimes nicknamed the cat in sheep’s clothing.

Like their feline cousins, the Cornish and Devon Rexes, the Selkirk is the result of natural genetic mutation. The breed can be directly traced back to a curly-coated kitten found in an animal shelter. Miss

S E L K I R K R E X

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DePesto, as she came to be called, later bred to a black Persian, produced three kittens with curly fur. She also passed on genes for long hair and a pointed coat. Other breeds were introduced to develop the Selkirk, which have all contributed to this delightful cat’s temperament, the Exotic Shorthair adding an endearing wackiness.

These cats have very full cheeks and often curly whiskers. Any fur in their ears will also be gorgeously curly. Their eyes are large and rounded, so that they appear to be looking kindly on their admiring fans. The body is very muscular, giving a firm feel under the thick coat rather like a stuffed toy, which increases the urge to give this cat a hug.

The Selkirk Rex is not a stand-offish feline. They respond to human affection and are devoted companions. There is a cheeky streak about them and they love to play, and with their clown-like personality they like an audience. Ignore them and they’ll claim attention in a small, quiet voice that nevertheless means business. The Selkirk Rex is a very tolerant breed, getting on well with everybody, including children and other family pets. They dislike being left alone for any length of time and are best suited to households where someone is usually around.

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WEIGHT M 4kg–6kg (8.8–13.2lb) F 3–5kg (6.6–11lb)TEMPERAMENT Inquisi t ive

L IFESPAN 9–15 yearsCOLOURS Wild tabby

If you hear a crash and find your favourite vase in smithereens, you’ll know your beloved Abyssinian cat has been up to his tricks

again. These feline acrobats will investigate every height and corner they can reach.

Beautiful and regal-looking with their streamlined body and long, graceful limbs, they have a jungle wildness about them far removed from the typical domestic cat. But for all their resemblance to a small mountain lion, they are affectionate and will headbutt people they

A B Y S S I N I A N

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love as a way of showing their feelings. These are high-energy cats that much prefer to play than sit on someone’s lap… until they tire themselves out.

This inquisitive breed has expressive, almond-shaped eyes in a deep shade of green, hazel or amber. Their necks are elegant, arching from the top of their heads to their shoulders, their ears large and wide set. Whatever their colour, all Abyssinians have the signature ticked coat: bands of colour in each hair lending a shimmer when they move.

Considered one of the oldest domestic cat breeds, they have a rather mysterious history, even hailed by some as descendants of the sacred cats of ancient Egypt; in fact, similar-looking felines have been found in ancient papyrus drawings. Certainly, cats with the same exquisite, ticked coats are found in North Africa, the Middle East and Asia. However, it is believed that it was an army captain’s wife who introduced the first Abyssinian to Britain, when she brought one with her on returning from Abyssinia in 1868.

Fairly quiet by nature, their trilling voice often signals their determination to have their own way, whatever their owner may have in mind.

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WEIGHT M 5.4–6.8kg (12–15lb) F 3.1–4kg (6.8–8.8lb)TEMPERAMENT Affect ionate and mischievous

L IFESPAN 16–18 yearsCOLOURS Originall y brown, variations include chocolate and red

The Burmese cat has a chequered past. Once the companions of Burmese royalty, they were revered in monasteries and temples,

even believed to be the reincarnation of monks. But when the country gained independence in the 1940s, they all but disappeared. Amid political unrest and natural disasters, the Burmese cats were ignored, left to mix and breed with common cats. Now thanks to the integrity of two people, who believe the cats are a key part of the heritage of Myanmar (formerly Burma), the breed is being reintroduced.

B U R M E S E

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The breeding programme was launched 10 years ago with seven cats bought from overseas breeders and from Harrods, at a huge cost. Now 40 glossy felines with golden eyes enjoy a palatial life on an island set in Inle Lake, isolated from mainland strays. Some kittens are given to local people who may never have heard of Burmese cats.

Burmese cats have a polished look to their coats, which beg to be stroked. Their bodies are well muscled and athletic but should be heavier than they look. They have velvety, oval-shaped paws. Those mesmeric eyes can be anything from bright yellow to amber.

Full of energy and very intelligent, they are also a mischievous feline. Owners often speak of a “mad half hour”, usually in the early evening, when Burmese will suddenly hurtle round the room, leap onto human shoulders or manically shred paper. Then, finally exhausted, they collapse on a lap, leaving their owner to restore order.

These cats have a soft sweet voice and will happily enter into conversation. Intensely social animals, they will let you know if they think they are being ignored. These cats need, indeed command, human company, with a dogged devotion that soon wins the heart. If you like the quiet life, the fun-loving Burmese probably isn’t for you.

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WEIGHT M 4.5–6.8kg (10–15lb) F 2.7–4.5kg (6–10lb)TEMPERAMENT Easy-going, re laxed, af fect ionate

L IFESPAN 12–16 yearsCOLOURS Variety of colours including seal, blue, cream and tortoiseshel l

Known as the Sacred Cat of Burma, it is believed Birmans were the companions of monks living in the mountains of Burma. As

a reward for their dedication and loyalty, the legend goes, a goddess bestowed on them their stunning blue eyes and white paws. Much later, when the temples were in ruins, local people protected and fed them as reincarnations of priests. Whatever their origin, Birman cats are often described as “moreish” – the only thing better than owning one is owning several.

B I R M A N

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Birmans were known in France from the early twentieth century but sadly few survived World War Two. It was only because of the determination of their breeders that they still exist today. By 1955, the breed had become very popular all over Europe, then Elsie Fisher and Margaret Richards fell in love with the cats in France and worked on establishing Birmans in the UK.

These gorgeous cats have a serene appearance, as if they recall their blessed roots. Their wonderful eyes have a gentle expression. Their silky coats and big, bushy tails are usually cream rather than white, but this depends on the colourpoint.

These felines have a well-balanced disposition. While affectionate and playful, they are known for their good manners and are never aggressive or spiteful. They are soft spoken and talk to their owners with a bell-like meow. Some cats are loners but not the Birman. They are very sociable and enjoy a lot of interaction with their humans, becoming lonely and bored if left to themselves. This is not a breed that wants to explore the great outdoors and will happily curl up on a lap in the evening. As such, these charming creatures are the archetypal companions: the feline that makes you feel special with their desire to be near.

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WEIGHT M 5.4–7.2kg (12–16lb) F 3.1–5kg (6.8–11lb)TEMPERAMENT Empathet ic, loving, intel l igent

L IFESPAN 13–15 yearsCOLOURS Black, chocolate, fawn and many other colours

This wild-looking feline is not daunted by new surroundings and is welcomed by long-distance truck drivers and travellers as a great

cabin companion on the road. They are known for their empathy with human emotions and skill at providing comfort. Because of this quality, they are sometimes employed in psychotherapy programmes. Overall, they are incredibly intelligent and loving cats that will initiate games with their owners and are easy to train.

Although short-tailed cats have been noted on European islands,

A M E R I C A N B O B T A I L

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the breed we know today originated in the 1960s. John and Brenda Saunders fell in love with a short-tailed, brown tabby cat that came from a North American reservation. Locals believed the tom was the offspring of a bobcat and a domestic cat. They adopted the orphaned kitten and named him Yodie. Back home, Yodie mated with his owners’ seal-point Siamese cat. Result: some kittens had short tails. The American Bobtail’s double coat is rain resistant, making them adaptable to all kinds of weather. The breed comes in all colours and patterns, but those that enhance the natural, wild appearance of the breed are preferred. No two tails are the same, ranging from non-existent to hock length and do not affect the cat’s balance. Without a doubt it has, in many ways, a marked resemblance to the bobtailed wildcat. Although it has not been proven, there are many who believe in this heritage.

American Bobtails are the escapologists of the cat world. They can free themselves from locked cages, carriers or closed rooms with an unusual Houdini skill. They expect plenty of TLC, otherwise they may indulge in another of their tricks, that of stealing and hiding shiny objects.

Bobtails are known for their chirps, trills and clicks – all of which are expressed in feel-good moments.

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WEIGHT M 5–6kg (11–13.2lb) F 4.5–5.5kg (10–12lb)TEMPERAMENT Impudent, fr iendly, devoted

L IFESPAN 15+ yearsCOLOURS Originall y black-shaded si lver, now other colours

When Sanquist the Chinchilla Persian met Fabergé the nubile Burmese, the result was an “oops” mating. Not long after,

Fabergé produced four female kittens, all shorthair and black-shaded silver in colour. Born in 1981, they were so attractive that the breeder went on to develop the Burmilla, using the combined names of the two parent-breeds. Apart from their beautifully coloured coats, these cats have a remarkable temperament. Many would say it is the best of both worlds: a mix of sedate, affectionate Persian and extrovert,

B U R M I L L A

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mischievous Burmese. A Burmilla might be chasing a toy mouse and suddenly stop, jump onto the nearest lap to purr loudly and gaze up at its human with a sweet expression in its clear, green eyes.

The Burmilla’s distinguishing feature is a sparkling coat, with a silver-white background tipped or shaded with a contrasting colour. Although these were originally black-shaded silver, both patterns now include many other colours such as brown, black and red. Because of their heritage, their silky coats may be short or semi-long haired. It’s not uncommon for short-haired mothers to give birth to long-haired kittens. Overall, these felines have the look of a Burmese but with a sweeter, more candid expression.

Burmillas are impudent cats that remain kittenish well into adulthood. They love to climb and jump and with their muscular, lean bodies and long slender legs, they suggest furry acrobats. They can be a bit loutish and may send treasured breakables flying when they go into acrobatic mode. But with their friendly and devoted nature, it is impossible to be annoyed for long. They love being part of the family, whether it is human or animal. If you are lucky enough to acquire a rare Burmilla, you’ll have a faithful companion.

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WEIGHT M 4–5kg (8.8–11lb) F 3–5kg (6.6–11lb)TEMPERAMENT Talkative and attention-seeking

L IFESPAN 15–20 yearsCOLOURS White with seal, blue, chocolate or l i lac points

Ever since the first Siamese was shown at the Crystal Palace Show in 1895, this distinctive and exotic-looking cat has been popular

in the UK. However, potential owners should think carefully before sharing their home with these very imperative felines. They will express their feelings in a loud piercing cry, using a wide range of tones, and expect attention. People either love this extremely intelligent breed or find the intense relationship they demand too much to cope with.

S I A M E S E

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The Siamese is said to have been a sacred cat that guarded Buddhist temples. It was a great honour for a foreigner to be presented with a kitten. It was an offence punishable by death if one of the cats was stolen from the Royal Court of Siam. Perhaps because of this distinguished heritage, they have a right to appear haughty. They certainly look as if dressed for a grand carnival with their pale coat, dark “mask” and those glorious blue eyes.

In fact, that angular elegance has only recently come about. Originally, this feline had a heavier body and round face. Also, many had kinked tails and crossed eyes, traits gradually eliminated by selective breeding. A Russian-born Siamese called Katy confounded this aesthetic image. Given hormones to halt her mating, she developed a voracious appetite and finally weighed in at 50 pounds.

Siamese are forever getting into mischief and should never be left alone without plenty to occupy them. A bored Siamese can wreak a tremendous amount of damage. It is probably better to home two of these scallywags to keep each other company and out of trouble. They say that dogs have owners and cats have servants. It sometimes seems Siamese go over the top.

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WEIGHT M 6.3–8.16kg (14-18lb) F 5.4–7.2kg (12–16lb)TEMPERAMENT Friendly, playful, energet ic

L IFESPAN 13–15 yearsCOLOURS Chocolate, lavender

This remarkably coloured feline often betrays its commonplace roots. Like any farm cat it loves to be outside, perfecting its hunting skills.

The owner of a York Chocolate is likely to be woken at an ungodly hour with offerings of birds, mice and other small creatures. In fact, this breed embodies all the best qualities of the farm cat: strong, hardy, independent, not hyperactive; a mellow, quiet cat. This breed is no prima donna but laid-back and affectionate with a happy, playful disposition. Offered a warm lap, it will make its pleasure known with loud purrs.

Y O R K C H O C O L A T E

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Brownie, the matriarch of this breed, was born on an American farm in 1983, her colour a hark back to Siamese ancestry. Janet Chieferi, the farm’s owner, took note, and when Brownie in her turn produced a male, Minky, with a deep brown undercoat, she began selective breeding, resulting in the birth of a solid-brown kitten called Teddy Bear. When finally accepted as a separate breed, Janet chose the name York Chocolate in homage to New York.

Unlike farm cats, however, their coats are long and very soft. They come in chocolate brown or lavender or a combination of the two colours. At birth they are usually lighter in colour, but their fur becomes a richer brown as they mature. They have a plumed tail and beautiful almond-shaped eyes that can be golden, green or hazel.

York Chocolates understand the meaning of moderation. While they enjoy a game, especially with a toy that moves, they also love to be cuddled. Like many other breeds they will often single out one person for their special attention and greet them with a “purrt” sound. However, they are more cautious with strangers. York Chocolates are an ideal family cat as they enjoy the playfulness of young children and other pets.

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WEIGHT M 3.5–4.5kg (7.7–10lb) F 2–3.5kg (4.4–7.7lb)TEMPERAMENT Gentle and sociable

L IFESPAN 11–15 yearsCOLOURS Various sol id colours and all tabbies

In that mysterious corner of England, Cornwall, suffused with the legend of King Arthur, an unusual kitten was born. Greyhound-

turned-cat with a marcel-waved coat could well describe the Cornish Rex, which has a tucked-up stomach and long-limbed appearance. It is much more temperature sensitive than the average cat due to its single downy undercoat. This is a demanding, talkative breed that never forgets its kittenhood, even into old age. In 1950, a male kitten called Kallibunker amazed his owner, Nina Ennismore, with his

C O R N I S H R E X

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crushed-velvet, tightly curled coat. As he grew older he developed big, bat-like ears and a slender frame. Initially believed to be caused by radiation from local tin mines, Ennismore learned these features were the result of a genetic mutation. Later, mated back to his mother, the pair produced more curly coated kittens, launching a new breed.

The Cornish Rex has a dancer’s body, described in a series of graceful curves and arches. The back is naturally arched and the belly curves upward to create a small waistline. A muscular rear gives them the thrust for their great leaps. Although their legs are slender with dainty paws, giving a fragile appearance, they are quite heavy if picked up. They have been nicknamed Marcel cats due to their fur resembling the hairstyle fashionable in the 1920s. Even their whiskers are curly. Their on-the-go personality is not to everyone’s taste. Cornish Rexes are highly social cats and will persist until they gain attention for their clownish tricks. While being an affectionate, gentle breed they do like to take centre stage.

Because their fur is so thin, they seek out warmth and will happily snuggle under the duvet. But if they want to sunbathe, it is wise to protect them with an appropriate sunscreen to prevent sunburn or skin cancer.

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WEIGHT M 3.6–7 kg (7.9–15.4lb) F 2.7–4.5kg (6–10lb)TEMPERAMENT Intel l igent, inquisi t ive, adaptable

L IFESPAN 12–14 yearsCOLOURS Spotted and marbled

You wouldn’t be the only one to say you’ve never heard of the Australian Mist. This potpourri of origins is the first new-breed

cat to have been developed in Australia and is relatively unknown in the rest of the world. In a country where many states do not allow cats to roam, the Australian Mist was purpose-bred to live indoors and leave native wildlife alone. It remains to be seen whether, given the opportunity and like any other feline, the Australian Mist might revert to its natural hunting instincts.

A U S T R A L I A N M I S T

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In the mid-1970s, Dr Truda Straede bred the better parts of other breeds – half Burmese and a quarter each Abyssinian and Australian Domestic tabby. Although the resultant Australian Mist shares some of their traits, they are distinctive in both appearance and behaviour.

With either spotted or marbled coats, both patterns have spotted tummies. The patterns have three aspects: the ground colour, the pattern and the “misting” or ticking inherited from the Abyssinian. Their great, green eyes have a soulful expression.

These felines are very accommodating. They will fit into the household without fuss, ready to offer a helping paw. Inclined to be greedy, they will use their cunning to raid the larder or even negotiate a closed fridge door. Such even-tempered and laid-back cats are tolerant with children and also make good companion pets for people who live alone. Because of their mixed breed heritage, they are strong, healthy felines offering a long lifetime of purrs and cuddles.

However, anyone who falls for this delightful feline may well need to be patient. As few Australian Mist cats are bred in the UK, they are in great demand. You may have to persuade known breeders to allow you to join a waiting list.

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WEIGHT M 3.5–4.5kg (7.7–10lb) F 2–3.5kg (4.4–7.7lb)TEMPERAMENT Clown like, war m and food loving

L IFESPAN 9–15 yearsCOLOURS Various, tabby, bi-coloured

This elf of a cat, with oversized ears and a winsome expression in those big eyes, is the result of a natural mutation. Their

appearance is matched by their impish personality. You’ll find one of these felines perched on your shoulder to check what you are reading or snuggled up in your bed with their head on the pillow. A feline jester, they have a laid-back, sociable nature, poking their noses into everything that goes on around them. Lithe and playful little cats, they endear themselves to all who encounter them.

D E V O N R E X

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In 1959, a male kitten called Kirlee was to become the progenitor of a new breed, the Devon Rex – named for his birthplace of Devonshire, as well as his curly coat which had a texture like that of a rex rabbit. His mother was a tortoiseshell stray, and his father believed to be a roaming tom with a curly coat. Tests disproved that Kirlee shared the same genetic makeup as the Cornish Rex, and established that nature had created another unique mutation.

Devons have distinct long, crinkled whiskers that often break off. Sometimes this is labelled “designer stubble”. Their necks are slender, as are their medium-size bodies, unless the cat has been sneaking too many titbits. Expect them to want to share your meal, whatever it is, as food is one of their favourite things. This breed boasts a short, dense, soft coat consisting of loose curls, ripples and waves, which is extremely velvety to the touch.

Although Devons are not particularly talkative, they make a lovely little sound – more of a “chirp” than a meow. In spite of their good coats, they feel the cold and are quick to find a cosy spot to lie on, such as a laptop or anything else that gives off warmth.

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WEIGHT M 4.5–6.8kg (10–15lb) F 3.6–5.4kg (8–12lb)TEMPERAMENT Bold, act ive, playful

L IFESPAN 12–16 yearsCOLOURS Typicall y brown, spotted or marbled

The Bengal lives life in the fast lane. The challenge with this small tiger is how to keep up with their energy and intense personality.

With their love of water, they can often be found drinking from the tap. You might discover they have leapt to a high place and are watching your every move. Close a door and they’ll make it loudly known they need to join you. Beware if they get bored – they’ll either become destructive or escape to find someone to play with. It takes some effort to own a naughty Bengal but they’ll bring a smile every day of the year.

B E N G A L

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Bengals are a cross between an Asian Leopard cat (Felis bengalensis) and domestic shorthairs. Jean Sugden Mills was the first to develop this hybrid in the 1970s and 1980s. She achieved her goal to harness the beauty of the wild feline with the domestic cat’s temperament. It has been said that this was also an attempt to stop people buying wild cats as pets, possibly in the 1950s and early 1960s, and to dissuade them from wearing fur.

This breed is large, sleek and muscular, the head quite small compared to the body, which together with small ears, is reminiscent of their wildcat ancestry. Their coat, or pelt as it is often described, is luxuriant and either spotted or swirly marbled, and found in a variety of colours. Some Bengals’ fur has a ‘glittering’ effect, as if each hair were gold-dusted.

The Bengal’s temperament is bold; nothing frightens them, and dogs and visitors are seen as friends. On rare occasions when they aren’t knocking over houseplants, they’ll curl up on a lap. But not for long; soon they’ll be asking for a game. Bengals are chatty, don’t know the meaning of privacy and are kleptomaniacs. Who could resist them?

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WEIGHT M 4.5–7.2kg (10–16lb) F 3.7–6.3kg (8–14lb)TEMPERAMENT Calm and sociable

L IFESPAN 12–15 yearsCOLOURS Typicall y tabby, can be other colours

Many a tourist to Cyprus has fallen for one of these inquisitive cats and taken it home. But they might not be aware of their feline

friend’s fascinating and ancient history. Scientists recently discovered that around 9,500 years ago, a human, a cat and a variety of offerings were buried on the Mediterranean island, believed to be the oldest known evidence of a special relationship. The cat belonged to the wildcat species, which is significantly larger than modern domestic cats, and was probably brought to Cyprus by the Egyptians.

C Y P R U S

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Also known as the Aphrodite, these cats roam the grounds of the Holy Monastery of Saint Nicholas of the Cats. There is a strange story behind its name. When a plague of snakes threatened its construction in AD 327, patroness Saint Helena had a brainwave and had 1,000 feline hunters shipped from Persia and Egypt. The cats were left war wounded but victorious. In honour of their bravery, stray cats are offered sanctuary to this day.

These cats are very big, enabling them to hunt large prey. Their long back legs help them to climb steep slopes in the island’s mountains where they can still be found. They have beautiful almond-shaped eyes and soft, luxuriant coats with a plumed tail.

Cyprus cats are undemanding. They have a very calm temperament and are loving and sociable. They’ll follow their owners around to check up on what they are doing. As soon as a lap becomes available, however, they will be there, basking in all the attention.

The Cyprus cat is not a pure breed but a variety of feral, semi-feral and domestic. Cypriots could well decide it is time to have their own national feline. It is surely tempting to develop a new breed that originates from the cradle of the domestic cat.

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WEIGHT M 4.5–5.5kg (10–12lb) F 4.5–5kg (10–11lb)TEMPERAMENT Affect ionate, gentle, sociable

L IFESPAN 12–14 yearsCOLOURS Various colours and patter ns

It would be easy to believe these fabulous creatures came from outer space. Their wrinkled, suede-covered bodies give them an ancient,

Tolkienesque look. Add to this very large ears and monkey-like, webbed toes and you have a magical cat whose beautiful eyes seem to gaze into a world beyond. The story of the Donskoy, or Don Sphynx, begins in Rostov-on-Don in Russia, in 1987. Elena Kovaleva heard a cat crying with fear and pain, and rescued it from children playing soccer with the animal in a bag. She called the kitten, which looked quite normal,

D O N S K O Y

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Varvera. However, as it matured, it lost all its fur, which Elena initially put down to stress. Later Varvera gave birth and her kittens were either bald or their fur soon fell out. Many people dubbed them unhealthy but a professional cat breeder knew better. Several years later, she had generated a totally new breed of Russian cat.

Donskoys are unique in several ways. Their webbed toes are very long and slim with thumbs that bend inward, giving the appearance of slender hands, with the ability to grab objects. Their soft skin is very elastic and warm to the touch, too. Similar to human skin, it sweats when it is hot and can become sun tanned. A cold winter can prompt them to grow a coat of fine wool on the chest, which they shed with the approach of summer. Donskoy have beautiful, almond-shaped eyes in a variety of colours.

Visitors are welcomed into the house of this sociable feline, which should never be kept as a single pet. They are elegant, gentle and affectionate, making them an intriguing companion. Meet the eyes of a Donskoy and they seem to plumb your soul. Like us, they’ll appreciate extra warmth when temperatures drop in winter.

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WEIGHT M 5.4kg+ (12lb+) F 3.6–4.5kg (8–10lb)TEMPERAMENT Extrovert , clown-like, adaptable

L IFESPAN 10–15 yearsCOLOURS Various colours including tabby brown, black, cinnamon and smoke

The big and beefy Highlander might look like a wildcat but their soft, curled ears, resembling a harlequin’s cap, give their buffoon

nature away. These extrovert felines are bundles of energy and love being the centre of attention. They’ll always be there at the door to greet homecomers and are showoffs with visitors. Highlanders use their short tail much like a dog and will wag it to express their happiness and desire to play. Some of this breed are polydactyl and can have as many as seven digits on each paw. These serve to make their balance even better.

H I G H L A N D E R

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They are now purely a domestic cat, their first generations of wildcat having been bred out. The first Highlander litter was born in 1995, developed from two existing breeds. The Desert Lynx was crossed with the Jungle Curl, both a mix of wild and domestic cats. The breeder’s goal was to create a domestic cat with ‘big cat’ features. However, some kittens are born with straight ears and a long tail.

One of the many things to admire is the Highlanders’ strong, powerful build, evidence of their wild hybrid ancestors. It is a joy to watch these felines in motion, flexing their long hind legs as their developed muscles ripple. Their squarish head, long, sloping forehead and boxy muzzle come straight from their wild forebears.

These are not aloof cats but very sociable and enjoy the company of other pets. They’re also adaptable to new people and locations. They communicate in trills and coos. Cognoscenti of this breed advise those who can’t decide between having a cat or a dog to choose a Highlander. They are dog-like in their ability to learn tricks and can be taught to sit or walk on a leash if you give them enough of your time.

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WEIGHT M 5.6–6.8kg (12.3–15lb) F 3.6–5kg (8–11lb)TEMPERAMENT Gentle, playful, intel l igent

L IFESPAN 15–20 yearsCOLOURS Red, g rey and bobcat str ipes, and any colour with white

For more than 200 years, the people of the Kuril islands have valued these cats as redoubtable hunters. To survive the unfriendly

climate, they are known to hunt in packs, making them formidable to rodents and other prey.

It has been said that Kurilian Bobtails can bring down a small bear. They are also exceptional swimmers and fishers, capable of catching fish as large as they are. In spite of the Kurilian’s brawny body and wild appearance, they have a gentle, sociable personality. Highly intelligent, they only need

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to be shown something once to understand what they should do.The Kurilian is a natural breed, though it is uncertain how they

came to these Russian islands. Probably they escaped from docked fishing boats and took up residence. Because of their long back legs and bobtail, many believe they have wild lynx blood, or that breeders have docked the kittens’ tails. However, they are 100% domestic cats whose kittens are always born with short tails. Over the past 20 years, the Kurilian Bobtail has become a popular breed in Russia, though they are still very rare in other parts of the world. One reason is that these felines have only one litter each year. Unusually, the male helps with rearing his young as much as the female.

The Kurilian’s bobbed tail is a naturally occurring genetic trait. Every cat has a unique tail structure, like a fingerprint all its own. They are broad chested, muscular and weighty, with short or semi-long coats that are water resistant.

Maybe because of their original habitat, Kurilian Bobtails are very adaptable and like to leap to a high vantage point where they can survey their domain. They are independent, trusting and loving. However, because of their hunting instincts, pond fish and small pets can be at risk.

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WEIGHT M 3–5kg (6.6–11lb) F 3–5kg (6.6–11lb)TEMPERAMENT Demanding, af fect ionate, loyal

L IFESPAN 9–16 yearsCOLOURS Originall y chocolate, now a variety of colours including tabby

This breed’s soft and extravagantly plush coat makes them almost irresistible to stroke and cuddle. Fortunately, the Tiffany have a

loving nature to match and will offer as much attention in return. In fact, many describe the chocolate-coated cat as a sweet treat. Their gentleness makes them the ideal companion for the elderly, people living alone or those with a disability. An American- and Canadian-bred cat, it is often called the Chantilly-Tiffany to avoid confusion with the similarly named UK breed, the Tiffanie.

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Although it is not Burmese, this cat is often confused with that semi-long-haired feline, yet is a naturally occurring breed. The Tiffany’s story began in the 1960s when cat enthusiast Jennie Robinson set eyes on two of these beautiful felines, Thomas and Shirley. They went on to produce litters of kittens with the same brown fur. When Sigyn Lund bought Robinson’s cattery, she decided to name these cats Tiffanys, in reference to the Los Angeles theatre famed for its elegance in the 1920s.

Apart from their gorgeous coat with its neck ruff and plumed tail, the Tiffany have enchanting, oval eyes of deep yellow to rich amber. There may be a green halo around the iris, which has a way of making the eyes appear gold.

These cats are late bloomers, born after a long labour, weaned late by their mothers and only maturing at the age of two. By then, they will have formed an affectionate relationship with their chosen human, following them around and conversing in a soft, sweet chirping voice. Although a moderate feline they will become melancholy if they are left on their own too long or too often. This is a cat that would much prefer to travel with you wherever you go, rather than be left home alone.

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WEIGHT M 3.6–5.4kg (8–12lb) F 2.7–3.6kg (6–8lb)TEMPERAMENT Active, talkative, loyal

L IFESPAN 15–20 yearsCOLOURS Brown-blotched tabby

One of the rarest breeds in the world, the Sokoke is also known as Khadzonzo, meaning “looks like tree bark” in the local Kenyan

language. This refers to their blotched brown tabby pattern, a perfect camouflage in their natural surroundings. Unusual in a cat’s innate behaviour, the sire will help to raise the kittens, taking part in their care and lying alongside the dam.

The earliest origins of this cat suggest they are descended from the Asian domestic cat, which in turn is a descendant of the Arabian

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wildcat. Those bred for the domestic line were found in Kenya’s Arabuko forest. Their habitat was shrinking and they were almost extinct when, by chance, two women saved them. It was the late 1970s when artist Jeni Slater discovered a litter of these kittens on her plantation. She was impressed by their long legs and wild appearance, and kept two kittens to breed. Together with a Danish breeder friend, they decided the felines weren’t thriving and sent two Sokoke to Denmark where the first Danish/Kenyan kittens were born in 1984. Nevertheless, Sokoke cats remain rare and are extinct in Kenya where a tribe described them as “sweet to eat”.

Similar to a wildcat, the Sokoke’s muscular hind legs are made for jumping. They tend to walk on tiptoe as if poised for incredibly fast movement. Their large, upright ears can rotate 180 degrees to detect sounds. Most have amber to light green eyes. They communicate through soft chattering noises, as well as the occasional alarmed voice if they sense danger. Highly intelligent, they appear to intuit their humans’ moods and respond. These are cheeky felines poised for play. Given their long life and loyal bonding, both to their people and other cats, these felines do not take kindly to rehoming, which potential Sokoke owners should consider.

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WEIGHT M 4–6kg (8.8–13.2lb) F 2.5–4.5kg (5.5–10lb)TEMPERAMENT Imperious and talkative

L IFESPAN 15–20 yearsCOLOURS Silver, bronze or smoke spotted-tabby

The Egyptian Mau bears a striking resemblance to felines depicted on the tomb walls of the Pharaohs. It is a natural breed, believed to

be descended from the ancient street cats which were first domesticated in Ancient Egypt. An athletic feline, they are recorded to move at 30 miles an hour and with their unusually long, well-muscled back legs, they can easily jump to great heights. Unlike many felines, they like water – given the chance they will paddle in ponds, paw fountains and dive into a full sink without hesitation.

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Egyptian Maus are strikingly beautiful cats, among the few domestic cats with a naturally occurring spotted tabby patterned coat. The characteristic tabby “M” found on the forehead of most Maus is known as the mark of the scarab – referring to the sacred scarab beetle. Could this be part of the reason cats were worshipped by ancient Egyptians? Always gooseberry-green eyed and level browed, they are known for their ‘worried’ expression. Lines that run either side of their noses add to their exotic appearance.

The Egyptian Mau is a very intelligent cat that learns new things quickly. Graceful as a ballerina, these cats love to climb, fetch, hunt and perch up high to survey the goings-on of mere human beings. They are friendly and loving with their owners but wary of strangers, and can be possessive. It would seem they haven’t forgotten their regal lineage and like things on their terms.

Egyptian Maus have musical voices; they’ll chirp and chortle to make their owners aware of their feelings, night or day. If this doesn’t work they will wiggle their tail. Englishwoman Melissa Bateson fell in love with a picture of the breed when she was 10 years old and was responsible for introducing the breed to the UK in 1998.

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WEIGHT M 4.5–5.5kg (9.9–12lb) F 4–5kg (8.8–11lb)TEMPERAMENT Moderatel y af fect ionate

L IFESPAN 9–16 yearsCOLOURS Brown mackerel-tabby

The Chinese Li Hua (pronounced “Lee Wah”) has probably existed throughout China for centuries. Records date back to the Shang

Dynasty in 1300 BC and it is revered as the country’s unofficial cat. Owners are known to hold weddings for these felines, with the most famous Li Hua in China, Needy, being the first to get married.

Watch Needy on YouTube and it’s easy to fall in love with this kitten-like, often green-eyed beauty. It would be more difficult to own one. It is believed this breed was once a wild mountain cat that adapted to

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domesticity when it came to depend on humans for food and care. It was not developed via breeding or modification but evolved naturally.

There is an essential wildness about this feline’s appearance, displayed in the beautiful brown mackerel-tabby fur. Even the lower belly is a brownish yellow colour with leopard-like spots. Their thickset bodies and often particularly wide paws reflect their once feral ancestors. The Li Hua may take up to three years to reach its full size.

When you consider these origins, it is clear why these felines are not typically affectionate. They are loyal, smart cats and dog-like retrievers, even learning to fetch the morning newspaper. And while they are gentle around people, they have a reputation of being redoubtable hunters, guarding crops and grains by pouncing on rodents with those large paws. Because of this strong predatory instinct, it’s wise not to keep them with other small pets. An undemanding breed, they’re too busy living the active life to have long conversations. You’ll only hear them meow if they are hungry or have something urgent to tell you.

The Li Hua is a rare breed, still relatively unknown outside of China; although they are rapidly finding admirers throughout the world, including in the UK.

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WEIGHT M 3.6–5kg (8–11lb) F 2.4–3.6kg (5.5–8lb)TEMPERAMENT Affect ionate and mischievous

L IFESPAN 10–15 yearsCOLOURS Silver blue

The Korat has a colour unmatched by any other breed. Its coat has been described “with roots like clouds and tips like silver”, giving

a shimmering halo effect. This cat is a natural breed; early pictures of the Korat show it has hardly changed over centuries. In Thailand, where they originate, Korats (pronounced “kuh-rat”) are never sold but given as wedding gifts symbolizing good luck and prosperity.

The earliest record of this sweet-natured cat appears in the ancient Cat Book Poems (circa 1350–1767) and folklore surrounds it. Korats with

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kinks in their tails are said to increase your luck. Apart from the breed’s unique heart-shaped head, another

outstanding feature is its luminous, peridot-green eyes. Always alert, its gaze often gives the uncanny sense of reading your thoughts. Newborn Korats are born with blue eyes that only turn to this beautiful green over the next two to four years. Their bodies are graceful and agile, but pick up one of these cats and you’ll be surprised by how hefty it feels.

Korats are extremely loyal, often picking out one person whom they will follow about in an almost dog-like way. They are especially intelligent and rule the household with an iron paw, liking to be in charge of whatever is going on. One owner has reported her cat learned to change radio stations to play the particular music she presumed it preferred. They can have bouts of jealousy if it appears others are getting too much of the attention they deem their right. Maybe not as vocal as the Siamese, Korats are adept at body language and will let their feelings be known if they are left alone for any length of time. This cat is not a loner, which might explain why Korats were traditionally presented in pairs.

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WEIGHT M 5–6.8kg (11–15lb) F 2.7–4.5kg (6–10lb)TEMPERAMENT Placid and discreet

L IFESPAN 12–15 yearsCOLOURS Blue

Cats are curious creatures; they live in a constant state of wonder. The Havana Brown is a super inquisitive feline, using their paws

to explore when they find curiosities that attract them. Companionship and interaction is important for this breed. They will often gently touch their humans as if to say, “hello, I’m here”. This very rare, chocolate-brown cat is often called “Chocolate Delight” by their adoring fans.

The origins of the chestnut cat are obscure, but records show it was mentioned in the Cat Book Poems centuries ago. Solid brown cats from

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Thailand were exhibited in Britain in the 1890s, when they were dubbed inexplicably the Swiss Mountain Cat. Breeders resumed interest in the feline in the 1950s when a male chestnut kitten was born.

In spite of their name, the only link with Cuba is that their colour resembles that of a fine Havana cigar. This extends to the pinky-brown paw pads and nose, and even to their whiskers. Like the Siamese, which played its part in their early UK breeding, they have slender bodies and short, smooth fur. The resemblance ends there. Havana Brown cats have oval-shaped, vivid green eyes and large ears that tilt forward. Young cats may have faint tabby markings, which disappear as they mature.

True to their Siamese ancestry, these cats can be very insistent and talkative. They will make it known with voice and paws if they require a door to be opened so they can find out what is happening on the other side. However, their voice is softer than the Siamese’s cries. These sweet-faced felines are intelligent, affectionate and sometimes little imps, hiding behind furniture to deliver a little slap to passersby. It has been said that once the Havana Brown owns you, you never want to be without one.

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WEIGHT M 3–5.5kg (6.6–12.1lb) F 3–5kg (6.6–11lb)TEMPERAMENT Talkative, curious, devoted

L IFESPAN 15 yearsCOLOURS Many dif ferent colours

There is nothing these cats enjoy more than a good chat with their humans, although they can be quite biased in their views. They’ll

answer back if spoken to and use their loud, gravelly voices to demand a snack in the early hours. They are not the ideal choice for anyone who likes a quiet existence but rewarding for those who want to share their life with a lively, always amusing and inquisitive feline.

There is nothing fragile about the Oriental. Slender and elegant they may appear, but they like to be in charge of other pets and preferably

O R I E N T A L

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their human servant. The Oriental is essentially the Siamese with a coloured coat, and is believed to have existed in Thailand until the pointed variety was developed. After World War Two, British breeders attempted to enlarge the Siamese gene pool by crossing them with many breeds such as the Russian Blue, British Shorthair and common moggy. They planned to breed them back with Siamese but many kittens were born in a variety of colours and patterns. Although initially each colour was named as a distinct breed, they were eventually called Orientals.

These felines are the epitome of sleek sophistication. They sashay about the place on tall, slender legs. Their angular heads are held on slender necks flowing into large ears and bright, slanted, oval eyes. In spite of their appearance, they are muscular and a surprising weight. Their fur may be short and close lying, or they may have medium to longish silky coats.

Orientals have been described as ‘naughty children’ who will investigate anything that intrigues them. Small objects may mysteriously disappear. Sweet, loving and loyal, they become devoted to their humans and will follow then wherever they go. Even such high-energy cats enjoy a snooze now and then, preferably on someone’s lap.

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WEIGHT M 4.5–5.5kg (10–12lb) F3.5–4.5 kg (7.7–10lb)TEMPERAMENT Cheeky, extrovert , loving

L IFESPAN 12–15 yearsCOLOURS 12 colour combinations

The Tonkinese are felines with attitude, who expect life in the household to be on equal terms. If they talk to you, and they often

do, they’ll expect an answer. They see no reason why a closed cupboard door should not be opened, often craftily by themselves. Although they will demand a fair amount of attention, they will return it in full and become a loyal and loving companion. These cheeky Tonks, as they are fondly called, have wonderful, extroverted personalities and are great fun to have around.

T O N K I N E S E

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The history of the Tonkinese stretches back hundreds of years. Kittens of Siamese and Burmese cats are described in Far Eastern poetry from the fourteenth century. More recently in 1930, Wong Mau, a small, brown cat with darker points, arrived in the United States as a gift from Burma to cat lover Joseph Thompson. Tests revealed she was a natural Tonkinese. Initially they were known as “Golden Siamese”, but in the 1960s were renamed Tonkinese. Since then they have been established as a distinct breed.

These graceful cats have long legs, with the hind limbs more elongated than the front ones. They have five toes on their front, oval-shaped paws and only four toes on the back paws. Their sparkling eyes, typically aquamarine but sometimes yellow-green or clear blue, slant from beautiful, high cheekbones to the outer edge of the cat's ears.

Tonks are truly charming and their mischievous antics will fill the home where they live with laughter. They thrive on company to the point of not being happy in a one-cat household. Because of their high intelligence, they can easily become bored. They are also known to be stubborn and will loudly insist on getting into a drawer or wardrobe, whatever their human servant has to say otherwise.

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WEIGHT M 4–5.4kg (8.8–12lb) F 3.1–4kg (6.8–8.8lb)TEMPERAMENT Individualist , mellow

L IFESPAN 14–19 yearsCOLOURS Light body, dark areas, white

Snowshoes are highly individual; no two have the same personality. Some may be demanding and bossy, some may be shy with

strangers. Some enjoy clowning about, others are aloof, yet others are clingy, wanting to be with their special person all the time. Whatever their type, these felines are very intelligent, energetic and affectionate. For some owners they also have an advantage over the Siamese – while not hesitating to “talk” and make their feelings known, they do not have the very raucous cry of their ancestor, but a soft melodic meow.

S N O W S H O E

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The white-booted and mittened breed came about in the late 1960s when breeder Dorothy Hinds-Daugherty decided to pair Siamese with these unusual white markings with an American Shorthair with tuxedo markings. The result was an elegant feline with a distinct “V” facial marking and white paws, inspiring the name Snowshoe.

As with their personalities, the Snowshoe comes in a diversity of colours. They have a light-coloured body with dark areas in seal or blue in the facemask, tail, legs and ears. Their large, wide eyes are a wonderful, shining blue.

It seems sometimes that Snowshoes don’t understand they are cats. They expect to sleep with their owners and can be stubborn about their rights. A dripping tap fascinates them and they will dabble their paw under it. This is an active cat adept at learning tricks and it likes heights. You may well find them sitting on top of a tall vantage spot from where they can monitor what is going on. There is never a dull moment with these singular cats. They are mellow fellows and usually get on with other cats or dogs. In fact, it’s a good idea to give them a companion animal, as these intelligent, people-loving cats dislike being left alone.

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WEIGHT M 6.8–11.3kg (15–25lb) F 6.8–9kg (15–20lb)TEMPERAMENT Energet ic, inquisi t ive, af fect ionate

L IFESPAN 12–14 yearsCOLOURS Typicall y black, g rizzled tabby

The Chausie cat is not for the faint-hearted. A very large, high-energy and playful feline, it likes to be in the limelight. This

recently recognized breed needs to be kept occupied or it will turn its inquisitive mind to mischievous antics.

Given its lineage, a genetic blend of Jungle Cat and domestic Abyssinian, owning a Chausie is rather like introducing a mini lion into your home. It’s just as well that this wild appearance is coupled with an affectionate, very friendly nature.

C H A U S I E

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In the 1960s, people began breeding this cat, influenced by the then interest in having an exotic pet. But it is known that domestic cats and Jungle Cats sometimes bred in the wild in Egypt several thousand years ago. It is even believed that the statues of the goddess Bastet were modelled on the Jungle Cat.

The Chausie is magnificent: lissome, muscular and powerful. Imagine a cat about three times the size of the average tabby and you have some idea of the size this breed can reach. Their facial features reflect their jungle origins with long, angular cheekbones, a long muzzle, and tall, tufted ears angled slightly outward from the head. They may have a black-tabby, grizzled coat, which has the coarse feel of wildcat.

Although ready with a loving headbutt, the Chausie is not a lap cat. Rather, they prefer using those long muscular legs to leap and hunt. Because of their high intelligence and need of stimulation, they should be trained from kittenhood and are quick learners.

While all cats are natural carnivores, the Chausie’s diet needs special care. In common with their wild ancestors they have a short intestine, which makes it hard for them to digest carbs. A high-protein, raw-meat diet will keep them healthy.

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WEIGHT M 6.3–13.6kg (13.8–30lb) F 5–9.07kg (11–20lb)TEMPERAMENT Loyal, intel l igent, outgoing

L IFESPAN 12–20 yearsCOLOURS Brown-spotted tabby, also smoke, si lver, black

If you’ve set your heart on one of these mischief-making felines, you’ll notice they are usually classified with numbers F1, F2 and

so on. These denote the degree of wild African Serval bred into the Savannah cat, ranging from 5% to 65%. The next thing you’ll notice is their extremely long legs. The first-generation Savannah, Magic, stands 17.1 inches at the shoulder and is the tallest domestic cat worldwide.

It was spring 1986 when the first Savannah kitten was born to a female domestic sired by a male Serval. Enchanted by this unusual

S A V A N N A H

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feline, the owner began a breeding programme and chose a name to reflect the Serval’s habitat. Since then this long, lean feline, whose vibrant coat conjures dreams of Africa’s golden plains, has won many hearts.

Like their wild ancestors, Savannahs have tall, wide and round ears set high on a small, triangular-shaped head. On the back of each ear, a central, light band bordered by a darker shade gives an eye-like effect called ocelli. With a hark back to the Serval’s lifestyle, these cats have a hooded brow that once served to protect the eyes from fierce sunlight. Much larger than our image of the domestic cat, their build and huge paws make them look heavier than they are.

Vestiges of wildcat behaviour remain, such as their fight or flight instinct when strangers arrive. These felines may run away and hide, or growl and hiss. The Savannah’s hissing sounds like a snake and is similar to that of the Serval cat. Those elongated legs were made for leaping with ease to heights of eight feet or more. They are incredibly intelligent creatures with natural hunting instincts and are not afraid of water. Such a high-energy feline needs lots of interaction or they will turn their wily paws to making trouble.

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WEIGHT M 6–10kg+ (13.2–22lb) F 4–6kg (8.8–13.2lb)TEMPERAMENT Home loving, devoted, hunters

L IFESPAN 11–18+ yearsCOLOURS Silver or brown tabby, also chocolate, black, l i lac

Russian prime minister Dmitry Medvedev is the number one fan of these glamorous felines. For an informal meeting with Barack

Obama’s family, he was escorted by his beloved cat Dorofei. The Siberian is the prized native cat of Russia where it is often a character in fairy tales, such as the familiar of witch Baba Yaga. There are stories of these cats acting as watchcats, patrolling monasteries at night and warning the monks if trespassers were near.

The Siberian Forest cat has been known in Russia for some thousand

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years. It is believed that, originally, wild forest cats mated with cats brought by Vologda merchants. They were sighted living wild in the streets and were valued as vermin hunters by farmers and market stallholders. There were even informal cat shows where these felines competed in size and weight. The breed became scarce during World War Two, but the cats’ dense undercoats and waterproof topcoats enabled some of them to survive the harsh climate, awarding them the name Siberian.

This coat becomes much longer and thicker in winter with a full ruff, fluffy breeches and a large bushy tail. Their tufted paw pads and lynx-like, tipped ears signal their wild heritage. Although they have a sweet face, these are substantial cats with big-boned, powerful bodies that can take up to five years to fully mature. These magnificent felines were physically well-equipped to battle icy winds and snow when they prowled Siberia’s forested area to hunt their prey.

They are often described as doglike and have the same sense of guarding their home patch. Should danger threaten, these cats will alert their humans with their sweet chirruping voice. They seem to be fascinated by water, which may be an atavistic memory of fishing for their supper. They like to paddle in ponds, sometimes coming indoors wet to the skin.

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WEIGHT M 5–6kg (11–13.2lb) F 4.5–5kg (10–11lb)TEMPERAMENT Playful, outgoing, curious, loving, intel l igent

L IFESPAN 12–18 yearsCOLOURS Tortoiseshel l , calico, tabby, white

This graceful and beautiful breed, with its typically white, silky coat, is a study in contradictions. These cats like to be in charge and can

be stubbornly determined to have their own way. Anyone who chooses to live with a Turkish Angora should be prepared for their high intelligence, inquisitiveness and need for interaction and play. However, their sweet expression and charming devoted nature make them hard to resist.

It is likely that Angoras originated in the mountainous regions of Turkey where they developed their soft, semi-long coat as protection

T U R K I S H A N G O R A

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in harsh winters. A pure, natural breed, they were known in sixteenth-century France and became the favourite feline of Marie Antoinette. The story goes that she sent them on to America, intending to follow until the Revolution decreed otherwise. They were used in the development of the Persian in the early 1900s and vanished as a separate breed. Thanks to a breeding programme at Ankara Zoo in Turkey, they survived and were jealously guarded from export until the early 1960s. Only then was an American army wife allowed to take two of these cats to the United States.

Turkish Angoras have a beautiful, plumed tail, a mane and britches. Although the traditional colour is white, breeders have developed many other colours and patterns. Their large eyes slant a little upward and have a soulful expression. These are often bright blue but can be green, gold-green or odd eyes of different colours,

Maybe because all Angoras stem from original stock, they have retained a natural wildness, which could explain their strong wills. Their intensity may surprise, whether it is displaying their joy or stalking prey. Watch this cat leaping in pursuit to truly appreciate its lithe grace, fur shimmering with the movement of muscle, its element seeming to be air not earth.

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WEIGHT M 4.5–7.5kg (10–16.5lb) F 3.6–5.4kg (8–12lb)TEMPERAMENT Friendly, intel l igent, loyal

L IFESPAN 13–16 yearsCOLOURS Various including tabby and tortoiseshel l

“Wegies”, as these cats are affectionately nicknamed, are linked with the myth of the Nordic sun goddess, Freya, whose chariot

of fire was drawn by two cats. Their origins are unknown but this ancient breed was thought to have travelled with their Viking owners to control ships’ rats. They certainly have a love of playing in water, easily catching fish in lakes and streams. Given the circumstances, these consummate hunters can be self-sufficient.

These large cats with big ruffs and ear tufts were first described in the

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sixteenth century. Today, the Norwegian Forest cat remains the result of natural selection, as only the hardiest cats with the thickest waterproof coats could survive Norway’s harsh climate. The darlings of farmers as ratters, perhaps they were sometimes offered a warm hearth in return. The breed almost vanished at the beginning of the twentieth century but was salvaged by 1930s breeders, whose work was affected by World War Two. A breeding programme was established in the 1970s, when the Norwegian Forest cat was royally recognized and became Norway’s national feline.

These are big strong cats with powerful legs made for leaping and pouncing. They have alert faces with almond-shaped eyes set at an angle, always with a gentle expression. The most arresting thing about the Wegie is their fluffy, semi-long topcoat and close-lying, thick undercoat.

Wegies are the ideal choice for country dwellers as they love to roam and explore. An intelligent breed, they enjoy human company but don't demand constant attention. This is a cat that won’t pine if no one is home. They are economic with their meows, only complaining if they need some food or, of course – in feline tradition – ignoring the cat flap and expecting a human to open the door. Beware of one of those neat paws fishing out your goldfish for a snack.

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WEIGHT M 5.5kg+ (12lb+) F 3.1–4kg (6.8–8.8lb)TEMPERAMENT Sedentar y and serene

L IFESPAN 12–17 yearsCOLOURS Range of colours and patter ns

This cat is well aware of its beauty. With its glamorous, long fur and big-eyed, little face, it is a sedentary creature often to be

found draped over the back of a sofa. The darling of Queen Victoria, this breed is universally one of the most popular for its charming appearance and sweet, kind nature.

These cats have a long history, unsurprisingly originating in ancient Persia. They caught the attention of nobleman Pietro Della Valle, who brought them to Europe in 1626. Traditionally having a doll-like face,

P E R S I A N

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their appearance underwent a change in 1942 when a Persian cat was born with the now familiar flat face due to a genetic mutation. Selective breeding encouraged this, but it is now recognized that their noses should not be too snubbed, otherwise Persians can suffer breathing problems.

These sedate and placid cats enjoy tranquillity. They dislike loud noises and the intrusion of strangers but are very affectionate towards their owners, always ready to oblige as the archetypal lap cat. Not usually talkative, their expressive eyes say it all – large round eyes, which they keep wide open. Eye colour is related to coat colour, for example, white Persians have deep blue or brilliant copper eyes.

Although they are often pictured as white, when Della Valle first clapped eyes on them they had shiny, silky grey fur. Today they are found in numerous colours, including bicolour (a colour plus white).

These are high-maintenance cats. Their luxuriant coats demand careful, daily combing and brushing, otherwise it will mat. A Persian with a matted coat can be disagreeable. Persians are not felines to make an impulsive move. They would rather take their time and ponder before they act, and don’t mind being left on their own.

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WEIGHT M 5–9kg (11–20lb) F 4–6kg (8.8–13.2lb)TEMPERAMENT Ver y af fect ionate

L IFESPAN 15–20 yearsCOLOURS White and colour pointed including blue and chocolate.

The Ragdoll is a stunning breed with a gentle and affectionate personality. They are now a favourite in the UK because of

their easy, laid-back nature and spirited interaction with people and other animals,

The Ragdoll is a Californian star, first bred in the early 1960s. Josephine, a long-haired white cat, the matriarch of the breed, mated with Daddy Warbucks, a seal-mitted male. As is often the case in feline couplings, a solid black male cat also came into the equation. Actually,

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Ragdoll kittens are completely white in colour when they are born and it can take up to three years for them to fully develop their final splendid colours.

These are felines with a presence. Their large, powerful bodies often have the same distinctive markings as the Siamese. Their gorgeous medium-length, super-silky coats are quite easy to keep groomed. They also have delightful tufts between their toes. But above all, it is their eyes that arrest the attention: a large and wonderful sapphire-blue gaze to lose yourself in. Coupled with a beautiful, slightly upturned nose and a benevolent smile, they have an expression like no other cat.

The Ragdoll is slow to mature but seems to become more loving with age. They display an almost dog-like fidelity, shadowing owners round the house and sleeping with them at night, hence their nickname “puppy cat”. Full of fun, they love to play and can be taught to fetch. These gentle giants love nothing more than to roll on their back and have their tummy tickled. Many people report that this charming breed appears to have an oddball sense of humour. Surprisingly perhaps for so large a cat, they are fairly non-vocal, but when they do decide to chatter, they have soft and delightful voices.

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WEIGHT M 2.5–5.5kg (5.5–12lb) F 3.1–4kg (6.8–8.8lb)TEMPERAMENT Extrovert , talkative, af fect ionate

L IFESPAN 10–12 yearsCOLOURS Pure white

Khao Manee was bred solely in Thailand where it was considered the sacred royal cat. During his reign, King Rama V (1868–

1910) possessed nine of these felines, which were so cherished that the penalty for a commoner who stole one was death. This snowy cat’s name translates to White Gem. They are also called the Diamond Eye cat, referring to the starburst pattern seen around the pupils resembling that precious jewel. This breed is naturally occurring, without human intervention, and mentioned in ancient cat poems dating back to 1350.

K H A O M A N E E

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For a long time they were sternly protected from export, but in 1999 Colleen Freymuth managed to take a pair to the United States. Her aim was to preserve these felines, whose numbers were dwindling in their native land.

The Khao Manee’s coat is almost always pure white, and is short and smooth, lying close to the body. Some kittens may have a dark patch on their heads, but that disappears within the first year of life. Their eyes, set in beautiful heart-shaped faces, are a striking feature. Although some Khao Manees have blue eyes, others are two different colours, which may be copper yellow or green, and were once favoured as bringers of good luck.

There is a playful naughtiness beneath the dignified appearance of the Khao Manee and an awareness that the sometimes silly things they do will provoke a reaction. From kittenhood they are great purrers, making their presence known from a tiny scrap. They are known to be quite vocal by nature, although not quite as much as their close kin, the Siamese. They will bestow their attention in a variety of different sounds. Some Khao Manee are born partially or completely deaf, which is typical of white cats with blue eyes.

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WEIGHT M 6–8kg (13.2–17.6lb) F 4–5kg (8.8–11lb)TEMPERAMENT Gentle, sentient to human emotions

L IFESPAN 12–15 yearsCOLOURS Various, tortoiseshel l , tabby

No one knows the exact origins of the Maine Coon. Their original raccoon-coloured coats have persuaded some people semi-wild

cats mated with that mammal. More likely the breed evolved when short-haired cats mated with domesticated long-haired felines brought to North America, possibly by the Vikings.

This big, rugged breed is well fitted to be a farm mouser. Their magnificent thick coat, round tufted paws, which serve as snowshoes, and long fur on the upper hind legs, are well suited to the harsh Maine climate.

M A I N E C O O N

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Maine Coon cats are one of the largest of domestic cats capable of growing huge. Stewie, an eight-year-old from Nevada, was recorded as measuring 48.5in long. It takes three to five years to attain their final size and everything about them is big: furry ruff, tail measuring at least half the length of their body and tall tufted ears

One thing I learned in my regrettably short time as a Maine Coon owner was their empathetic nature. Fluffy understood when I was down and stayed close by. They are also impatient cats, won’t wait long if you are tardy and take matters into their own paws. In Fluffy’s case, scooping fish out of a saucepan before it was cool. The breed also does a lot of chirping, which could be a throwback to scenting a kill.

Breeders have discovered resistance in the Maine Coon. It’s as if they know their charm is in being natural and faithful to their wild heritage. Even today, some of these felines possess the primordial extra toe, perhaps used to anchor them in the snow.

Because of this cat’s gentle, affectionate but undemanding nature, Maine’s state cat has a huge following. Those who choose to bring them into their home will discover a cat like no other.

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WEIGHT M 5–7kg (11–15.5lb) F 4.5–6kg (9.9–13.2lb)TEMPERAMENT Loyal but independent

L IFESPAN 12–14 yearsCOLOURS White with orange areas

The Turkish Van is called “the swimming cat” and with their strong, muscular bodies and water-repellent coat they are

certainly fitted for taking a dip, unlike many felines. It seems their attraction to water may have developed to hunt for the fish that live in Lake Van in eastern Turkey. It appears these beautiful cats have lived for generations in the isolated Lake Van region, and are referred to in traditional folk songs and ancient artifacts. They came to light in the mid-1950s when two British women were presented with a pair

T U R K I S H V A N

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of unrelated white and dark-red felines. One of these women, Laura Lussington, began to breed them in England. They were registered as Turkish Van to distinguish them from the Turkish Angora.

The Turkish Van’s coat is long and silky, and feels rather like stroking cashmere. Nature has kindly ordained that these cats shed their dense coats for a shorter length in hot summers. The conspicuous colour is white with orange-red or auburn areas on the head and tail. A story goes that the animals aboard Noah’s Ark included two Turkish Vans. On reaching Mount Ararat, a volcanic mountain in eastern Turkey, the cats swam to dry land. They were then ‘blessed’ with a colour patch between the shoulder blades called the “Mark of Allah”. These felines’ eyes are often two different colours. One may be a lovely amber shade while the other could be a stunning blue.

They can be dog-like in temperament, often bonding with one particular person, though they are accepting of other pets. They love to run loose in the garden and to learn tricks. Their cat side, however, is independent. They are not particularly keen on being held or cuddled. Rather they’ll leap onto high surfaces and survey you from there. But, being talkative cats, they will deign to have a chat.

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WEIGHT M 4.5–6.8kg (10–14lb) F 3.6–5.4kg (8–12lb)TEMPERAMENT Bold, act ive, bonding

L IFESPAN 8–12 yearsCOLOURS Yellow-gold with black spots

With their wildcat looks and highly developed skills as a hunter, the Serengeti appears to come straight from the jungle. In fact,

they developed from the union of the Oriental Shorthair and the Bengal. The breeder’s goal was to deter the purchase of exotic cats, which would possibly put them on the endangered list. Nevertheless, the family tree of their ancestors includes some wild relatives such as the Asian Leopard Cat and the Egyptian Mau. Conservationist Karen Sausman had identified the Serval as very popular in the exotic pet

S E R E N G E T I

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trade. In 1994, she and fellow conservationists began an experimental breeding programme and succeeded in producing a graceful cat with unique leopard-like markings and an affable temperament. In tribute to the African plains where Servals thrive, they named the breed Serengeti.

These elegant felines’ short, dense coats are typically yellow to gold with a pattern of distinct, widely spaced, black spots. They have the longest legs of domestic breeds, enabling them to leap considerably high. Atop the long graceful neck is a slightly triangular head with ears that are wide at the base and flare at the tips. Serengetis have the grace of a dancer at rest but never stop for long.

These are very active cats and will zip round their territory or clamber up the curtains. They are bold, inquisitive and can be demanding. While initially shy, once settled they will bond strongly with their humans to the extent of becoming a Velcro cat. They can be very vocal, sharing their thoughts with persistent loud meows and purrs. Lounging isn’t these cats’ style. They prefer to spend their time exploring every nook and cranny. They’re good with children but it’s an idea to check on a Serengeti now and again as their habit of pouncing without warning might startle youngsters.

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WEIGHT M 3.6–4.9kg (8–11lb) F 2.7–4kg (6–9lb)TEMPERAMENT Placid and discreet

L IFESPAN 13–15 yearsCOLOURS Misty blue

This cat wants to be alone when a stranger appears and is apt to disappear behind a sofa. The Nebelung’s looks match its

personality: solemn eyes and a dignified, well behaved nature. These felines offer fierce loyalty to their owners and need to have a home for life, as they don’t adapt well to change.

Nebelung, a German word, means creature of the mist, and with their medium-blue undercoat and silvery topcoat they have a floating, otherworldly appearance. Such a name makes sense when you learn

N E B E L U N G

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the original breeder was an opera buff. American Cora Cobb named the first dam and sire Siegfried and Brunhild after two protagonists in the medieval saga, the Nibelungenlied. Coming from a mix of domestic black Shorthair and Russian Blue, these two cats from different litters were born with long and blue fur. In 1986, they produced three kittens with the same characteristic and the Nebelung breed was born. Because of its rarity, the breed’s gene pool is small, and these cats are often bred with the Russian Blue to increase diversity.

Everything about the Nebelung is long; their body, neck and tail. With their dense double coat, they resemble the cats imported from Russia in the nineteenth and early-twentieth centuries. The expression in their yellowish-green to green eyes reflects the intelligence and sensitivity of this cat.

This is a delightful cat to have around. They are quiet and affectionate but expect this love to be returned. They dislike loud noises and ideally prefer to be the only pet in the household. An exceptionally clean cat that likes a routine, they will only vocalize when something needs to be done. Even then it will be in soft trills and coos. Give them peace and quiet and you have a lifelong friend.

Published in 2019 by André DeutschAn imprint of the Carlton Publishing Group20 Mortimer Street, London W1T 3JW

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Text © André Deutsch 2019Design © André Deutsch 2019

All rights reserved. This book is sold subject to the condition that it may not be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise without the publisher’s prior consent.

A CIP catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.

ISBN 978 0 233 00582 9

Printed in China

Creative Director: Clare BaggaleyProject Editor: Isabel WilkinsonPicture Research: Steve BehanArt Editors: Rachel Lawston & Natasha Le CoultreProduction: Yael Steinitz

The publishers would like to thank the following sources for their kind permission to reproduce their photographs in the book:

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Savannah

CA

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BOOK THAT

TRANSFORMS

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J E N N I F E R P U L L I N G

T H E B O O K T H AT

T R A N S F O R M S I N TO

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J E N N I F E R P U L L I N GJENNIFER PULLING is a writer, playwright and journalist. In 2002 she founded Catsnip, a charity working with street cats in Sicily, a tale she tells in The Great Sicilian

Cat Rescue: One English Woman’s Mission to Save an Island’s Cats.

Paperscapes: The Cat captures the characters and charms of one of humankind’s most ancient

and revered companions.

Lovingly lyrical descriptions of more than 50 breeds are accompanied by beautiful photographs, which

press out to transform your book into a work of art.

T H E

T H E

C A TPaperscapes: The Cat captures the characters Paperscapes: The Cat captures the characters Paperscapes: The Cat

and charms of one of humankind’s most ancient

PAPE R SCA PES

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journalist. In 2002 she founded Catsnip, a charity working with street cats in Sicily, a tale she tells in

Cat Rescue: One English Woman’s Mission to Save an Island’s Cats

£20www.andredeutsch.co.uk

Jacket cover photographs courtesy of Alamy, Animal Photography & Shutterstock.Printed in Heshan, China

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