cat previous paper 2007

7/30/2019 CAT Previous Paper 2007

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SECTION-I

This section contains 25 questions:

1. Consider the set 2,3,4........2 1 ,S n where m is n positive integer than 2007.Define X as the average of the oddintegers in S and Y as the average of theeven integers in S. What is the value of X

Y?

a. 0b. 1c.

1

2 n

d. 12

n

n

e. 20082. Ten years ago, the ages of the members of

a joint family of eight people added up to231 years. Three years later, one memberdied at the age of 60 years and a child was

born during the same year. After anotherthree years, one more member died, againat 60, and a child was born during the

same year. The current average age of thiseight-member joint family is nearest to:

a. 23 yearsb. 22 yearsc. 21 yearsd. 25 yearse. 24 years

3. A function f(x) satisfies f(1) = 3600, andf(1) + f(2)+ +f(n) = n2f(n), for all

positive integers n > 1. what is the value off(9)?

a. 80b. 240c. 200d. 100e. 120

4. Suppose you have a currency, namedMiso, in three denominations: 1 Miso, 10Misos and 50 Misos. In how many wayscan you pay a bill of 107 Misos?

a. 17b. 16

c. 18d. 15e. 19

5. A confused bank teller transposed therupees and paise when he cashed a chequefor Shailaja, giving her rupees instead of

paise and paise instead of rupees. Afterbuying a toffee for 50 paise, Shailajanoticed that she was left with exactly threetimes as much as the amount on thecheque. Which of the following is a validstatement about the cheque amount?

a. Over Rupees 7 but less than Rupees 8b.

Over Rupees 22 but less than Rupees23

c. Over Rupees 18 but less than Rupees19

d. Over rupees 4 but less than Rupees 5e. Over Rupees 13 but less than Rupees

14

6. How many pairs of positive integers m, nsatisfy

1 4 1

12m n , where n is an odd

integer less than 60?

a. 6b. 4c. 7d. 5e. 3

Direction for questions 7 to 10: Each question

is followed by two statements A and B indicate

your responses based on the following

directives:

if the question can be answered using a alone

but not using B alone.

7. The average weight of a class of 100students is 45 kg. The class consists of twosections, I and 11, each with 50 students.The average weight, WI of Section I issmaller than the average weight WII ofSection II. If the heaviest student sayDeepak, of Section II is moved to SectionI, and the lightest Student, say Poonam, ofSection I is moved to Section II, then theaverage weights of the two sections are

CAT Paper - 2007

COMMON ADMISSION TEST


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switched, i.e., the average weight ofSection I becomes WII and that of SectionII becomes WI. What is the weight ofPoonam?

A. 1.0II IW W B. Moving Deepak from section II to I

(without any more from I to II) makes

the average weights of the two sectionsequal.

a. If the question can be answered using aalone but not using B alone.

b. If the question can be answered usingB alone but not using A alone.

c. If the question can be answered usingA and B together, but not using eitherA or B alone.

d. If the question cannot be answeredeven using A and B together.

8.

ABC Corporation is required to maintainat least 400 Kilolitres of water at all timesin its factory, in order to meet safety andregulatory requirements. ABC isconsidering the suitability of a sphericaltank with uniform wall thickness for the

purpose. The outer diameter of the tank is10 meters. Is the tank capacity adequateto meet ABCs requirements?

A. The inner diameter of the tank is atleast 8 meters.

B. The tank weighs 30,000 kg whenempty, and is made of a material withdensity of 3gm/cc.





9. Consider integers x, y and z. What is theminimum possible value of 2 2 2x y z ?A. 89x y z B. Among x, y, z two are equala. If the question can be answered using a

alone but not using B alone.




10. Rahim plans to draw a square JKLM witha point O on the side JK but is notsuccessful. Why is Rahim unable to drawthe square?

A. The length of OM is twice that of OL.B.

The length of OM is 4 cm.





DIRECTIONS for questions 11 to 12: Cities Aand B are in different time zones. A is located3000 km east of B. The table below describes theschedule of an airline operating non-stop flights

between A and B. All the times indicated are localand on the same day.

Departure Arrival

City Time City Time

B 8:00 am A 3.00 pm

A 4:00 pm B 8:00 pm

Assume that planes cruise at the same speed inboth directions. However, the effective speed is

influenced by a steady wind blowing from east towest at 50 km per hour.

11. What is the time difference between A andB?

a. 1. hour and 30 minutesb. 2 hoursc. 2 hours and 30 minutesd. 1 houre. Cannot be determined

12. What is the planes cruising speed in kmper hour?a. 700

b. 500c. 600d. 500e. Cannot be determined

DIRECTIONS for questions 13 to 14: Shabnamis considering three alternatives to invest her


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surplus cash for a week. She wishes to guaranteemaximum returns on her investment. She hasthree options, each of which can be utilized fullyor partially in conjunction with others.

Option A: Invest in a public sector bank. Itpromises a return of +0.10%.

Option B: Invest in mutual funds of ABC Ltd. A

rise in the stock market will result in a return of+5%, while a fall will entail a return of-3%.

Option C: Invest in mutual funds of CBA Ltd. Arise in the stock market will result in a return of -2.5%, while a fall will entail a return of +2%.

13. The maximum guaranteed return toShabnam is

a. 0.25%b. 0.10%c. 0.20%d. 0.15%e. 0.30%

14. What strategy will maximize theguaranteed return to Shabnam?

a. 100% in option Ab. 36% in option B and 64% in option Cc. 64% in option B and 36% in option Cd. 1/3 in each of the three optionse. 30% in option A, 32% in option B and

38% in option C

DIRECTIONS for questions 15 and 16: Let Sbe the set of all pairs (i,j) where 1I < n and n3 4.Any two distinct members of S are calledfriends if they have one constituent of the pairsin common and enemies otherwise. Forexample, if n = 4, then S = {(1,2), (1,3), (1,4),(2,3), (2,4), (3,4)}. Here, (1,2) and (1,3) arefriends, (1,2) and (2,3) are also friends, but (1,4)and (2,3) are enemies.

15. For general n, how many enemies willeach member of S have?a. 3n

b. 21 3 22

n n

c. 2 7n d. 21 5 6

2n n

e. 21 7 142

n n

16. For general n, consider any two membersof S that are friends. How many othermembers of S will be common friends of

both these members?

a. 21 5 82

n n

b. 2 6n c. 1 3

2n n

d. 2n e. 21 7 16

2n n

17. In a tournament, there are n terms1' 2 '.... nT T T with 5n . Each term consists

of k players 3k , The following pairs of

teams have one player in common:

1T & 2' 2T T & 3 1....... nT T & 'nT and nT &

1T . No other pair of teams has any playerin common. How many players are

participating in the tournament consideringall the n terms together?

a. 1n k b. 1k n c. 2n k d. 2k n e. 1 1n k

18. Consider four digit numbers for which thefirst two digits are equal and the last twodigits are also equal. How many suchnumbers are perfect squares?

a. 3b. 2c. 4d. 0e. 1

Directions for questions 19 to 20: Mr. David

manufactures and sells a single product at a fixedprice in a niche market. The selling price of eachunit is Rs. 30. On the other hand, the cost, in

rupees, of producing x units is 2240 bx cx ,

where b and c are some constants. Mr. Davidnoticed that doubling the daily production from 20to 40 units increases the daily production cost by

266 %

3.

However, an increase in daily production from 40to 60 units results in an increase of only 50% in


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the daily production cost. Assume that demand isunlimited and that Mr. David can sell as much ashe can produce. His objective is to maximize the

profit.

19. How many units should Mr. Davidproduce daily?

a.

130b. 100c. 70d. 150e. Cannot be determined

20. What is the maximum daily profit, inrupees, that Mr. David can realize from his

business?

a. 620b. 920c. 840d. 760e. Cannot be determined

21. The price of Darjeeling tea (in rupees perkilogram) is 100+0. 10n, on the nth day of2007 (n = 1,2,3,.100) and then remainsconstant. On the other hand, the price ofOoty tea (in rupees per kilogram) is89+0.15n, on the nth day of 2007 (n =1,2.365). on which date in 2007 will be

prices of these two varieties of tea beequal?

a. May 21b. April 11c. May 20d. April 10e. June 30

22. Two circles with centers P and Q cut eachother at two distinct points A and B. Thecircles have the same radii and neither Pnor Q falls within the intersection of thecircles. What is the smallest range thatincludes all possible values of the angleAQP in degrees?

a. Between 0 and 90b. Between 0 and 30c. Between 0 and 60d. Between 0 and 75e. Between 0 and 45

23. A quadratic function f(x) attains amaximum of 3 at x = 1. The value of thefunction at x = 0 is 1. What is the value off(x) at x = 10?

a. 119b. 159

c. 110d. 180e. 105

Directions for question 24 to 25: Let 1a p and

1b q , where p and q are positive quantities.

Define1'n n

a pb

1'n

b qb

for even n > 1, and

1'n n na pa b 1'nqa for odd n > 1.

24. Which of the following best describesn n

a b for even n?

a. 1 12 nq pq p q b. 1 12 nqp p q c. 12 nq p q d. 1 12 2n nq p q e. 1 112 2n np pq p q

25. If p = 1/3 and g = 2/3, then what is thesmallest odd n such that 0.01n na b ?

a. 7b. 13c. 11d. 9e. 15

SECTION-II

This section contains 25 questions

Directions for questions 26 to 29: Answer thefollowing questions based on the informationgiven below:

A health-drink companys R&D department istrying to make various diet formulations, whichcan be used for certain specific purposes. It isconsidering a choice of 5 alternative ingredients(O, P. Q, R, and S), which can be used in different

proportions in the formulations. The table belowgives the composition of these ingredients. Thecost per unit of each of these ingredients k O: 150,P: 50, Q: 200, R: 500. S: 100.

Ingredient Composition


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Carbo

Hydrate%

Protein%

Fat % Minerals%

O 50 30 10 10

P 80 20 0 0

Q 10 30 50 10

S 45 50 0 5

26. For a recuperating patient, the doctorrecommended a diet containing. 10%minerals and at least 30% protein. In howmany different ways can we prepare thisdiet by mixing at least two ingredients?

a. Oneb. Twoc. Three fourd. None

27. Which among the following is theformulation having the lowest cost per unitfor a dieth av-ing 10% fat and at least 30%

protein? The diet has to be formed bymixing two ingredients.

a. P and Qb. P and Sc. P and Rd. Q and Se. R and S

28. In what proportion P, Q and S should bemixed to make a diet having at least 60%

carbohydrate at the lowest per unit cost?a. 2:1:3

b. 4:1:2c. 2:1:4d. 3:1:2e. 4:1:1

29. The company is planning to launch abalanced diet required for growth needs ofadolescent children. This diet must containat least 30% each of carbohydrate and

protein, no more than 25% fat and at least

5% minerals. Which one of the followingcombinations of equally mixed ingredientsis feasible?

a. O and Pb. R and Sc. P and Sd. Q and Re. O and S

DIRECTIONS for questions 30 to 33: Eachquestion is followed by two statements, A and B.Answer each question using the followinginstructions:

30. In a particular school, sixty students v. ereathletes. Ten among them were also

among the top academic performers. Howmany top academic performers were in theschool?

A. Sixty per cent of the top academicperformers were not athletes.

B. All the top academic performers wereno: necessarily athletes.

a. If the question can be answered byusing the statement A alone but not byusing the statement B alone.

b. If the question can be answered byusing the statement B alone but not by

using the statement A alone.c. If the question can be answered b>

using either of the statements alone.

d. If the question can be answered byusing both the statements together butnot by either of the statements alone.

e. If the question cannot be answered onthe basis Of the two statements.

31. Five students Atul, Bala. Chetan. Dev andErnesto were the only ones who

participated in a quiz contest. They were

ranked based on their scores in the contest.Dev got a higher rank as compared toChetan. Chetans rank was lower than themedian. Who among the five got thehighest rank?

A. Atul was the last rank holder.B. Bala was not among the top two rank

holders.


b. If the question can be answered byusing the statement B alone but not byusing the statement A alone.

c. If the question can be answered b>using either of the statements alone.



32. Thirty percent of the employees of a callcentre are males. Ten percent of the female


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employees have an engineeringbackground. What is the percentage ofmale employees with engineering

background?

A. Twenty five per cent of the employeeshave engineering background.

B.Number of male employees having anengineering background is 20% morethan the number of female employeeshaving an engineering background.






33. In a football match, at the half-time,Mahindra and Mahindra Club was trailing

by three goals. Did it win the match?

A. In the second-half Mahindra andMahindra Club scored four goals.

B. The opponent scored four goals in thematch.






DIRECTIONS for questions 34 to 37: Answerthe following questions based on the informationgiven below:

The following table shows the break-up of actualcosts incurred by a company in last five years(year 2002 to year 2006) to produce a particular

product:Year2002

Year2003

Year2004

Year2005

Year2006

Volume ofproduction andsale (Units)Costs (Rs.)

1000 900 1100 1200 1200

Material 50000 45100 55200 59900 60000

Labour 20000 18000 22100 24150 24000

Consumables 2000 2200 1800 1600 1400

Rent of

building

1000 1000 1100 1100 1200

Rates andtaxes

400 400 400 400 400

Repair andmaintenanceexpenses

800 820 780 790 800

Operatingcoast ofmachines

30000 27000 33500 36020 36000

Selling andmarketingexpenses

5750 5800 5800 5750 5800

34.

What is the approximate cost per unit inrupees, if the company produces and sells1400 units in the year 2007?

a. 104b. 107c. 110d. 115e. 116

35. What is the minimum number of units thatthe company needs to produce and sell toavoid any loss?

a.

313b. 350c. 384d. 747e. 928

36. If the company reduces the price by 5%, itcan produce and sell as many units as itdesires. How many units the companyshould produce to maximize its profit?

a. 1400b. 1600c.

1800d. 1900

e. 200037. Given that the company cannot sell more

than 1700 units, and it will have to reducethe price by Rs. 5 for all units, if it wantsto sell more than 1400 units, what is themaximum profit, in rupees, that thecompany can earn?

a. 25,400b. 24,400


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c. 31,400d. 32,900e. 32,000


The proportion of male students and theproportion of vegetarian students in a school aregiven below. The school has a total of 800students, 80% of whom are in the SecondarySection and rest equally divided between class 11and 12.

Male (M) Vegetarian (V)

Class 12 0.60

Class 11 0.55 0.50

SecondarySection

0.55

Total 0.475 0.53

38. What is the percentage of vegetarianstudents in Class 12?

a. 40b. 45c. 50d. 55e. 60

39. In Class 12, twenty five per cent of thevegetarians are male. What is thedifference between the number of femalevegetarians and male non-vegetarians?

a. Less than 8b. 10c. 12d. 14e. 16

40. What is the percentage of mate students inthe secondary section?

a. 40b. 45c. 50d. 55e. 60

41. In the Secondary Section, 50% of thestudents are vegetarian males. Which ofthe following statements is correct?

a. Except vegetarian males, all othergroups have same number of students.

b. Except non-vegetarian males, all othergroups have same number of students.

c. Except vegetarian females, all othergroups haves same number of students.

d. Except non-vegetarian females, allother groups have same number ofstudents.

e. All of the above groups have the samenumber of students.


The Table shows the comparative costs, in USDollars, of major surgeries in USA and a selectfew Asian countries.

Procedure Comparative Costs in USA andsome Asian countries (in US Dollars)

Heart Bypass 130000 10000 11000 18500 9000

Heart ValveReplacement

160000 9000 10000 12500 9000

Angioplasty 57000 11000 13000 13000` 11000HipReplacement

43000 9000 12000 12000 10000

Hysterectomy 20000 3000 4500 6000 3000

KneeReplacement

40000 8500 10000 13000 8000

Spinal Fusion 62000 5500 7000 9000 6000

The equivalent of US Dollar in the localcurrencies is given below:

1 US Dollar equivalent

India 40.928 Rupees

Malaysia 3.51 RingitsThailand 32.89 Baths

Singapore 1.53 S Dollars

A consulting firm found that the quality of thehealth services were not the same in all thecountries above. A poor quality of a surgery mayhave significant repercussions in future, resultingin more cost in correcting mistakes. The cost of

poor quality of surgery is given in the table below:Procedure Comparative cost of poor quality in USA and

some Asian countries

USA

India

Thailand

Singapore

Malaysia

HeartBypass

0 3 3 2 4

Heart ValveReplacement

0 5 4 5 5

Angioplasty 0 5 5 4 6

HipReplacement

0 7 5 5 8

Hysterectomy

0 5 6 5 4


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KneeReplacement

0 9 6 4 4

SpinalFusion

0 5 6 5 6

42. A US citizen is hurt in an accident andrequires an angioplasty, hip replacement

and a knee replacement. Cost of foreigntravel and stay is not a consideration sincethe government will take care of it. Whichcountry will result in the cheapest package,taking cost of poor quality into account?

a. Indiab. Thailandc. Malaysiad. Singaporee. USA

43. Taking the cost of poor quality intoaccount, which country/countries will bemost expensive for knee replacement?

a. Indiab. Thailandc. Malaysiad. Singaporee. India and Singapore

44. Approximately, what difference in amountin Bahts will it make to a Thai citizen ifshe were to get a hysterectomy done inIndia instead of in her native country,

taking into account the cost of poorquality? It costs 7500 Bahts for one-waytravel between Thailand and India.

a. 23500b. 40500c. 57500d. 67500e. 75000

45. The rupee value increases to Rs. 35 for aUS Dollar, and all other things includingquality, remain the same. What is theapproximate difference in cost, in USDollars, between Singapore and India for aSpinal Fusion, taking this change intoaccount?

a. 700b. 2500c. 4500d. 8000e. No difference


A low-cost airline company connects ten Indiacities, A to J. The table below gives the distance

between a pair of airports and the correspondingprice charged by the company. Travel is permittedonly from a departure airport to an arrival airport.The customers do not travel by a route where theyhave to stop at more than two intermediateairports.

SectorNo.

AirportofDeparture

AirportofArrival

DistancebetweentheAirports(km)

Price(Rs.)

1 A B 560 670

2 A C 790 1350

3 A D 850 1250

4 A E 1245 16005 A F 1345 1700

6 A G 1350 2450

7 A H 1950 1850

8 B C 1650 2000

9 B H 1750 1900

10 B I 2100 2450

11 B J 2300 2275

12 C D 460 450

13 C F 410 430

14 C G 910 1100

15 D E 540 590

16 D F 625 700

17 D G 640 750

18 D H 950 1250

19 D J 1650 2450

20 E F 1250 1700

21 E G 970 1150

22 E H 850 875

23 F G 900 1050

24 F I 875 950

25 F J 970 1150

26 G I 510 550

27 G J 830 890

28 H I 790 970

29 H J 400 425

30 I J 460 540

46. What is the lowest price, in rupees, apassenger has to pay for traveling by theshortest route from A to J?

a. 2275b. 2850c. 2890


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d. 2930e. 3340

47. The company plans to introduce a directflight between A and J. The marketresearch results indicate that all its existing

passengers traveling between A and J willuse this direct flight if it is priced 5%

below the minimum price that they pay atpresent. What should the company chargeapproximately, in rupees, for this directflight?

a. 1991b. 2161c. 2707d. 2745e. 2783

48. If the airports C,D and H are closed downowing to security reasons, what would bethe minimum price, in rupees, to be paid

by a passenger traveling from A to J?

a. 2275b. 2615c. 2850d. 2945e. 3190

49. If the prices include a margin of 10% overthe total cost that the company incurs,what is the minimum cost per kilometerthat the company incurs in flying from Ato J?

a. 0.77b. 0.88c. 0.99d. 1.06e. 1.08

50. If the price include a margin of 15% overthe total cost that the company incurs,which among the following is the distanceto be covered in flying from A to J thatminimizes the total cost per kilometer forthe company?

a. 2170b. 2180c. 2315d. 2350e. 2390

SECTION-III

DIRECTIONS for questions 51 to 53: Thepassage given below is followed by a set of threequestions. Choose the most appropriate answer toeach question.

Human biology does nothing to structure humansociety. Age may enfeeble us all, but cultures varyconsiderably in the prestige and power theyaccord to the elderly. Giving birth is a necessarycondition for being a mother, but it is notsufficient. We expect mothers to behave inmaternal ways and to display appropriatelymaternal sentiments. We prescribe a clutch ofnorms or rules that govern the role of a mother.That the social role is independent of the

biological base can be demonstrated by goingback three sentences. Giving birth is certainly notsufficient to be a mother but, as adoption andfostering show, it is not even necessary!

The fine detail of what is expected of a mother or

a father or a dutiful son differs from culture toculture, but everywhere behaviour is coordinated

by the reciprocal nature of roles. Husbands andwives, parents and children, employees, waitersand customers, teachers and pupils, warlords andfollowers; each makes sense only in its relation tothe other. The term 4role is an appropriate one,

because the metaphor of an actor in a play neatlyexpresses the rule-governed nature or scriptednature of much of social life and the sense thatsociety nature of much of social life and the sensethat society is a joint production. Social life occurs

only because people play their parts ( and that isas true for war and conflicts as for peace and love)and those parts makes sense only in the context ofthe overall show. The drama metaphor alsoreminds us of the artistic license available to the

players. We can play a part straight or, as thefollowing from J.P. Sartre conveys, we can ham itup.

Let us consider this waiter in the caf. Hismovement is quick and forward, a little too

precise, a little too rapid. He comes towards thepatrons with a step a little too quick. He bendsforward a little too eagerly; his voice, his eyesexpress an interest a little too solicitous for theorder of the customer. Finally there he returns,trying to imitate in his walk the inflexible stiffnessof some kind of automation while carrying histray with the recklessness of a tightrope-walker..All his behaviour seems to us a game Butwhat is he playing? We need not watch before wecan explain it: he is playing at being a waiter in acaf6.


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The American sociologist Erving Goffman builtan influential body of social analysis onelaborations of the metaphor of social life asdrama. Perhaps his most telling point was that it isonly through acting out a part that we expresscharacter. It is not enough to be evil or virtuous;we have to bee seen to be evil or virtuous.

There is distinction between the roles we play andsome underlying self. Here we might note thatsome roles are more absorbing than others. Wewould not be surprised by the waitress who playsthe par! M such a way as to single to us that she ismuch more than her occupation. We would besurprised and offended by the father who playedhis part ;tongue in check. Some roles arc broaderand more far-reaching than others. Describingsomeone as clergyman or faith healer would sayfar more about that person than describingsomeone as a bus driver.

51. What is the thematic highlight of thispassage?

a. In the absence of strong biologicallinkages, reciprocal roles provide themechanism for coordinating human

behaviour.

b. In the absence of reciprocal roles,biological linkages provide themechanism for coordinating human

behaviour.

c. Human behaviour is independent ofbiological linkages and reciprocalroles.

d. Human behaviour depends onbiological linkages and reciprocalroles.

e. Reciprocal roles determine normativehuman behaviour in society.

52. Which of the following would have beentrue if biological linkages structuredhuman society?

a. The role of mother would have beendefined through her reciprocalrelationship with her children

b. We would not have been offered by thefather playing his rile tongue in cheek.

c. Women would have adopted andfostered children rather than giving

birth to them.

d. Even if warlords were physicallyweaker than their followers, theywould still dominate them.

e. Waiters would have strongermotivation to serve their customers.

53. It has been claimed in the passage thatsome roles are more absorbing thanothers. According to the passage, whichof the following seem (s) appropriatereason (s) for such a claim?

A.

Some roles carry great expectationsfrom the society preventingmanifestation of the true self.

B. Society ascribes so much importanceto some roles that the conception ofself may get aligned with the roles

being performed.

C. Some roles require development ofskill and expertise leaving little timefor manifestation of self.

a. A onlyb. B onlyc. C onlyd. A & Be. B & C

DIRECTIONS for questios.54-56: In eachquestion, there are five sentences or parts ofsentences that form a paragraph. Identify thesentence(s) or part(s) of sentence(s) that is/arecorrect in terms of grammar and usage. Then,choose the most appropriate option.

54. 1. When I returned to home, I began toread

2. Everything I could get my hand onabout Israel.

3. That same year Israels Jewish Agencysent

4. A Shaliach a sort of recruiter toMinneapolis.

5. I became one of his most activedevotees.

a. C & Eb. C onlyc. E onlyd. B,C & Ee. C,D & E

55. 1. So once an economy is actually inrecession

2. The authorities can, in principle, mostthe economy

3. Out of slump assuming hypothetically

4. That they know how to-by a temporarystimuli.


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a.b.c.d.e.

56. 1. It is sometimes told that democratic2. government originated in the city-

states3. Of ancient Greece. Democratic ideals

have been handed to us from that time.

4. In truth, however, this is an unhelpfulassertion,

5. The Greeks gave us the word, hencedid not provide us with a model.

a. A.B &Db. B, C&Dc. B&Dd. B onlye. D only

DIRECTIONS for questions 57-59: The passagegiven below is followed by a set of threequestions. Choose the most appropriate answer toeach question.

Every civilized society lives and thrives on asilent but profound agreement as to what is to beaccepted as the valid mould of experience.Civilization is a complex system of dams, dykes,and canals warding off, directing, and articulatingthe influx of the surrounding fluid element; afertile fenland, elaborately drained and protectedfrom the high tides of chaotic, unexercised, andinarticulate experience. In such a culture, stableand sure of itself within the frontiers ofnaturalized experience, the arts wield theircreative power not so much in width as in depth.They do not create new experience, but deepenand purify the old. Their works do not differ fromone another like a new horizon from a newhorizon, but like a madonna from a madonna.

The periods, of art which are most vigorous in

creative passion seem to occur when theestablished pattern of experience loosens itsrigidity without as yet losing its force. Such a

period was the Renaissance, and Shakespeare itspoetic consummation. Then it was as though thediscipline of the old order gave depth to theexcitement of the breaking away, the depth of joband tragedy, of incomparable conquests aridirredeemable losses. Adventurers of experienceset out as though in lifeboats to rescue and bring

back to the shore treasures of knowing and feelingwhich the old order had left floating on the high

seas. The works of the early Renaissance and thepoetry of Shakespeare vibrate with thecompassion for live experience in danger of dyingfrom exposure and neglect. In this compassionwas the creative genius of the age. Yet, it was agenius of courage, not of desperate audacity. For,however elusively, it still knew of harbours andanchors, of homes to which to return, and of barnsin which to store the harvest. The exploring spiritof art was in the depths of its consciousness stillaware of a scheme of things into which to fit itsexploits and creations.

But the more this scheme of things loses itsstability, the more boundless and unchartedappears the ocean of potential exploration. In the

blank confusion of infinite potentialities flotsamof significance gets attached to jetsam ofexperience; for everything is sea, everything is atsea

The sea is all about us;The sea is the lands edge also, the granite

Into which it reaches, the beaches where it tosses

Its hints of earlier and other creation. And Rilketells a story in which, as in T.S. Eliots poem, it isagain the sea and the distance of other creationthat becomes the image of the poets reality. Arowing boast sets out on a difficult passage. Theoarsmen labour in exact rhythm. There is no signyet of the destination. Suddenly a man, seeminglyidle, breaks out into song. And if the labour of theoarsmen meaninglessly defeats the real resistanceof the real waves, it is the idle single whomagically conquers the despair of apparentaimlessness. While the people next to him try tocome to grips with the element that is next tothem, his voice seems to bind the boat to thefarthest distance so that the farthest distance drawsit towards itself. I dont know why and how, isRilkes conclusion, but suddenly I understood thesituation of the poet, his place and function in thisage. It does not matter if one denies him every

place except this one. There one must tolerate

him.

57. In the passage, the expression like aMadonna from a Madonna alludes to

a. The difference arising as aconsequence of artistic license.

b. The difference between two artisticinterpretations.

c. The different between life andinterpretation of life.


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d. The difference between width anddepth of creative power.

e. The difference between the legendarycharacter and the modern day singer.

58. The sea and other creation leads Rilke toa. Define the place of the poet in his

culture.

b. Reflect on the role of the oarsman andthe singer.c. Muse of artistic labour and its

aimlessness.

d. Understand the elements that one hasto deal with

e. Delve into natural experience and realwaves.

59. According to the passage, the termadventures of experience refers to

a. Poets and artists who are driven bycourage.

b. Poets and artists who create their owngenre.

c. Poets and artists of the Renaissance.d. Poets and artists who revitalize and

enrich the past for us.

e. Poets and artists who delve in flotsamand jetsam in sea.

DIRECTIONS for questions 60 to 62: Each ofthe following questions has a paragraph fromwhich the last sentence has been deleted. From the

given options, choose the sentence that completesthe paragraph in the most appropriate way.

60. Characters are also part of deep structure.Characters tie events in a story togetherand provide a thread of continuity andmeaning. Stories can be about individuals,groups, projects, or whole organizations,so from an organizational studies

perspective, the focal actor(s) determinethe level and unit of analysis used in a

study. Stories of mergers and acquisitions,for example, are commonplace. In thesestories whole organizations are personifiedas actors. But these macro-level storiesusually are not told from the perspective ofthe macro-level participants, becausewhole organizations cannot narrate theirexperiences in the first person.

a. More generally, data concerning theidentities and relationships of thecharacters in the story are required, ifone is to understand role structure and

social networks in which that processis embedded.

b. Personification of a wholeOrganization abstracts away from the

particular actors and from traditionalnotions of level of analysis.

c. The personification of a wholeorganization is important becausestories differ depending on who isenacting various events.

d. Every story is told from a particularpoint of view, with a particularnarrative voice, which is not regardedas part of the deep structure.

e. The personification of a wholeorganization is a textual device we useto make macro- level theories morecomprehensible.

61. Nevertheless, photographs still retain someof the magical allure that the earliestdaguerreotypes inspired. As objects our

photographs have changed; they havebecome physically flimsier as they havebecome more technologicallysophisticated. Daguerre produced pictureson copper plates; today many of our

photographs never become tangible things,but instead remain filed away oncomputers and cameras, part of the digitalether that envelops the modern world. Atthe same time, our patience for thecreation of images has also eroded.Children today are used to being trackedfrom birth by digital cameras and videorecorders and they expect to see the resultsof their poses and performances instantly.The space between life as it is being livedand life as it is being displayed shrinks to amere second.

a. Yet, despite these technicaldevelopments, photographs still remain

powerful because they are reminders of

the people and things we care about.b. Images, after all, are surrogates carried

into battle by a soldier or by a traveleron holiday.

c. Photographs, be they digital ortraditional, exist to remind us of theabsent, the beloved, and the dead.

d. In the new era of the digital image, theimages also have a greater potential forfostering falsehood and trickery,


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perpetuating fictions that seem so realwe cannot tell the difference.

e. Anyway, human nature being what itis, little time has passed after

photographys invention becamemeans of living life through images.

62. Mma Ramotswe had a detective agency inAfrica, at the foot of Kgale Hill. Thesewere its assets: a tiny white van, twodesks, two chairs, a telephone, and an oldtypewriter. Then there was a teapot, inwhich Mma Ramotswe - the only privatelady detective in Botswana - brewed red

bush tea. And three mugs - one for herself,one for her secretary, and one for theclient. What else does a detective agencyreally need? Detective agencies rely onhuman intuition and intelligence, both ofwhich Mma Ramotswe had in abundance.

a. Bin there was also the view, whichagain would appear on no inventory.b. No inventory would ever, include

those, of course.

c. She had an intelligent secretary too.d. She was a goo4 detective and a good

woman.

e. What she lacked in possessions wasmore than made up by a naturalshrewdness

DIRECTIONS for questions 63 to 65: Thepassage given below is followed by a set of threequestions. Choose the most appropriate answer toeach question.

To discover the relation between rules, paradigms,and normal science, consider first how thehistorian isolates the particular loci ofcommitment that have been described as acceptedrules. Close historical investigation of a givenspecialty at a given time discloses a set ofrecurrent and quasi-standard illustrations ofvarious theories in their conceptual, observational,

and instrumental applications. These are thecommunitys paradigms, revealed in its textbooks,lectures, and laboratory exercises. By studyingthem and by practicing with them, the members ofthe corresponding community learn their trade.The historian, of course, will discover in additiona penumbral area occupied by achievementswhose status is still in doubt, but the core ofsolved problems and techniques will usually beclear. Despite occasional ambiguities, the

paradigms of a mature scientific community canbe determined with relative ease.

That demands a second step and one of asomewhat different kind. When. Undertaking it,the historian must compare the communitys

paradigms with each other and with its currentresearch reports. In doing so, his object is todiscover what isolable elements, explicit orimplicit, the members of that community mayhave abstracted from their more global paradigmsand deploy it as rules in their research. Anyonewho has attempted to describe or analyze theevolution of a particular scientific tradition willnecessarily have sought accepted principles andrules of this sort. Almost certainly, he will havemet with at least partial success. But, if hisexperience has been at all like my own, he willhave found the search for rules both more difficultand less satisfying than the search for paradigms.

Some of the generalizations he employs todescribe the communitys shared beliefs willpresent more problems. Others, however, willseem a shade too strong. Phrased in just that way,or in any other way he can imagine, they wouldalmost certainly have been rejected by somemembers of the group he studies. Nevertheless, ifthe coherence of the research tradition is to beunderstood in terms of rules, some specification ofcommon ground in the corresponding area isneeded. As a result, the search for a body of rulescompetent to constitute a given normal research

tradition becomes a source of continual and deepfrustration.

Recognizing that frustration, however, makes itpossible to diagnose its source. Scientists canagree that a Newton, Lavoisier, Maxwell, orEinstein has produced an apparently permanentsolution to a group of outstanding problems andstill disagree, sometimes without being aware ofit, about the particular abstract characteristics thatmake those solutions permanent.

They cab, that is, agree in their identification of aparadigm without agreeing on, or even attemptingto produce, a full interpenetration orrationalization of it. Lack of a standardinterpretation or of an agreed reduction to ruleswill not prevent a paradigm from guidingresearch. Normal science can be determined in

part by the direct inspection of paradigms, aprocess that is often aided by but does not dependupon the formulation of rules and assumption.Indeed, the existence of a paradigm need not evenimply that any full set of rules exists.


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63. What is the author attempting to illustratethrough this passage?

a. Relationships between rules,paradigms, and normal science

b. How a historian would isolate aparticular loci of commitment

c. How a set of shared beliefs evolvesinto a paradigm

d. Ways of understanding a scientifictradition

e. The frustrations of attempting to definea paradigm of a tradition

64. The term loci of commitment as used inthe passage would most likely correspondwith which of the following?

a. Loyalty between a group of scientistsin a research laboratory

b. Loyalty between groups of scientistsacross research laboratories

c. Loyalty to a certain paradigm ofscientific inquiry

d. Loyalty to evolving trends of scientificinquiry

65. The author of this passage is likely toagree with which of the following?

a. Paradigms almost entirely define ascientific tradition.

b. A group of scientists investigating aphenomenon would benefit by defininga set of rules.

c. Acceptance by the giants of a traditionis a sine qua non for a paradigm toemerge.

d. Choice of isolation mechanismdetermines the type of paradigm thatmay emerge from a tradition.

e. Paradigms are a general representationof rules and beliefs of a scientifictradition.

DIRECTIONS for questions 66 to 68: In each

question, there are four sentences. Each sentencehas pairs of words/phrases that are italicized andhighlighted. From the italicized and highlightedword (s)/phrase (s), select the most appropriateword (s)/phrase (s) to form correct sentences.Then, from the options given, choose the best one.

66. The cricket council that was [A] I were IB]elected last March is [A]/are [B] at sixesand sevens over new rules.

The critics censored [A]/censured [B] thenew movie because of its socialunacceptability.

Amits explanation for missing themeeting was credulous [A]/credible [B].

She coughed discreetly fA]/discretely [B]to announce her presence.

a.

BBAAAb. AAABAc. BBBBAd. AABBAe. BBBAA

67. The further [A] I farther [B] he pushedhimself, the more disillusioned he grew.

For the crowds it was more of a historical[A] I historic [B] event; for their leader, itwas just another day.

The old man has a healthy distrust [A] I

mistrust [B] for all new technology. Thisfilm is based on a real [A] / true [B] story.

One suspects that the compliment [A] Icomplement [B] was backhanded.

a. ABABb. ABBBAc. BAABAd. BBAABe. ABABA

68. Regrettably [A] / Regretfully [BJ I have todecline your invitation.

I am drawn to the poetic, sensual [A] /sensuous IB] quality of her paintings.

He was besides f A] / beside [B] himselfwith rage when I told him what I had done.

After brushing against a stationary [A] 1stationery [B] truck my car turned turtle.

As the water began to rise over [A] I above[B] the danger mark, the signs of animminent flood were clear.

a. BAABAb. BBABc. AAABAd. BBAABe. BABAB

DIRECTIONS for questions 69 to 7l: Thepassage given below is followed by a set of threequestions. Choose the most appropriate answer toeach question.

The difficulties historians face in establishingcause-and-effect relations in the history of humansocieties are broadly similar to the difficultiesfacing astronomers, climatologists, ecologists,


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evolutionary biologists, geologists, andpaleontologists. To varying degrees each of thesefields is plagued. by the impossibility of

performing replicated, controlled experimentalinterventions, the complexity arising fromenormous numbers of variables, the resultinguniqueness of each system, the consequentimpossibility of formulating universal laws, andthe difficulties of predicting emergent propertiesand future behaviour. Prediction in history, as inother historical sciences, is most feasible on largespatial scales and over long times, when theunique features of millions of small-scale briefevents become averaged out. Just as I could

predict the sex ratio of the next 1,000 newbornsbut not the sexes of my own two children, thehistorian can recognize factors that madeinevitable the broad outcome of the collision

between American and Eurasian societies after

13,000 years of separate developments, but not theoutcome of the 1960 U.S. presidential election.The details of which candidate said what during asingle televised debate in October 1960 couldhave given the electoral victory to Nixon insteadof to Kennedy, but no details of who said whatcould have blocked the European conquest of

Native Americans.

How can students of human history profit fromthe experience of scientists in other historicalsciences? A methodology that has proved useful

involves the comparative method and so-callednatural experiments. While neither astronomersstudying galaxy formation nor human historianscan manipulate their systems in controlledlaboratory experiments, they both can takeadvantage of natural experiments, by comparingsystems differing in the presence or absence (or inthe strong or weak effect) of some putativecausative factor. For example, epidemiologists,forbidden, to feed large amounts of salt to peopleexperimentally, have still been able to identifyeffects of high salt intake by comparing groups of

humans who. already differ greatly in their saltintake; and cultural anthropologists unable to

provide human groups experimentally withvarying resource abundances for many centuries,still study long- term effects of resourceabundance on human societies by comparingrecent Polynesian populations living on islandsdiffering naturally in resource abundance.

The student of human history can draw on manymore natural experiments than just comparisonsamong the five inhabited continents. Comparisons

can also utilize large islands that have developedcomplex societies in a considerable degree ofisolation (such as Japan, Madagascar, NativeAmerican Hispaniola, New Guinea, Hawaii, andmany others), as well as societies on hundreds ofsmaller, islands and regional societies within eachof the continents. Natural experiments in anyfield, whether in ecology or human history, areinherently open to potential methodologicalcriticisms. Those include confounding effects ofnatural variation in additional variables besidesthe one of interest, as well as problems ininferring chains of causation from observedcorrelations between variables. Suchmethodological problems have been discussed ingreat detail for some of the historical sciences. In

particular, epidemiology, the science of drawinginferences about human diseases by comparinggroups of people (often by retrospective historical

studies), has for a long time successfullyemployed formalized procedures for dealing withproblems similar to those facing historians ofhuman societies

In short, I acknowledge that it is much moredifficult to understand human history than tounderstand problems in fields of science wherehistory is unimportant and where fewer individualvariables operate. Nevertheless, successfulmethodologies for analyzing historical problemshave been worked out in several fields. As aresult, the histories of dinosaurs, nebulae, and

glaciers are generally acknowledged to belong tofields of & science rather than to the humanities.

69. Why do islands with considerable degreeof isolation provide valuable insights intohuman history?

a. Isolated islands may evolve differentlyand this difference is of interest to us.

b. Isolated islands increase the number ofobservations available to historians.

c. Isolated islands, differing in theirendowments and size may evolvedifferently and this difference can beattributed to their endowments andsize.

d. Isolated islands, differing in theirendowments and size, provide a goodcomparison to large islands such asEurasia, Africa, Americas andAustralia.


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e. Isolated islands, in so far as they areinhabited, arouse curiosity about howhuman beings evolved there.

70. According to the author, why is predictiondifficult in history?

a. Historical explanations are usuallybroad so that no prediction is possible.

b.

Historical outcomes depend upon alarge number of factors and henceprediction is difficult for each case.

c. Historical sciences, by their verynature, are not interested in a multitudeof minor factors, which might beimportant in a specific historicaloutcome.

d. Historians are interested in evolutionof human history and hence are onlyinterested in long-term predictions.

e. Historical sciences suffer from theinability to conduct controlledexperiments and therefore haveexplanations based on a few long-termfactors.

71. According to the author, which of thefollowing statements would be true?

a. Students of history are missingsignificant opportunities by notconducting any natural experiments.

b. Complex societies inhabiting largeislands provide great opportunities for

natural experiments.c. Students of history are missing

significant opportunities by notstudying an adequate variety of naturalexperiments

d. A unique problem faced by historiansis their inability to establish cause andeffect relationships.

e. Cultural anthropologists haveovercome the problem of confoundingvariables through natural experiments.

DIRECTION for questions 72 to 75: In eachquestion, there are five sentences/paragraphs. Thesentence/paragraph labeled A is in its correct

place. The four that follow are labeled B, C, D andE, and need to be arranged in the logical order toform a coherent paragraph/passage. From thegiven options, choose the most appropriate option.

72.A. In America, highly educated women,

who are in stronger position in the

labour market than less qualified ones,have higher rates of marriage thanother groups.

B. Some work supports the Becker thesis,and some appears to contradict it.

C. And, as with crime, it is equallyinconclusive

D.

But regardless of the conclusion of anyparticular piece of work, it is hard toestablish convincing connections

between family changes and economicfactors using conventional approaches.

E. Indeed, just as with crime, anenormous academic literature exists onthe validity of the pure economicapproach to the evolution of familystructures.

a. BCDEb. DBECc. BDCEd. ECBDe. EBCD

73.A. Personal experience of mothering and

motherhood are largely framed inrelation to two discernible or officialdiscourses: the medical discourse andnatural childbirth discourse. Both ofthese tend to focus on the optimisticstories of birth and mothering and

underpin stereotypes of the goodmother.

B. At the same time, the need for medicalexpert guidance is also a feature forcontemporary reproduction andmotherhood. But constructions of goodmothering have not always been soconceived - and in different contextsmay exist in parallel to other equallydominant discourses.

C. Similarly, historical work has shownhow what are now taken-for-granted

aspects of reproduction and motheringpractices result from contemporarypseudoscientific directives andmanaged constructs. These changeshave led to a refraining of moderndiscourses that pattern pregnancy andmoth erhood leading to an acceptanceof the need for greater expertmanagement.

D. The contrasting, overlapping, andambiguous strands within these


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frameworks focus to varying degreeson a womans biological tie to herchild and predisposition toinstinctively know and be able to carefor her child.

E. In addition, a third, unofficial populardiscourse comprising old wivestales and based on maternalexperiences of childbirth has also beennoted. These discourses have also beenacknowledged in work exploring theexperiences of those who apparentlydo not conform to conventionalstereotypes of the good mother.

a. EDBCb. BCEDc. DBCEd. EDCBe. BCDE

74.A. Indonesia has experienced dramatic

shifts in its formal governancearrangements since the fall of PresidentSoeharto and the close of hiscentralized, authoritarian New Orderregime in 1997.

B. The political system has taken its placein the nearly 10 years since Reformasi

began. It has featured the active contestfor political office among a

proliferation of parties at- central,provincial and district levels; directelections for the presidency (since2004): and radical changes in centre-local government relations towardsadministrative, fiscal, and politicaldecentralization.

C. The mass media, once tidily underSoehartos thumb, has experiencedsignificant liberalization, as has thelegal basis for non-governmentalorganizations, including many

dedicated to such controversial issuesas corruption control and human rights.

D. Such developments are seenoptimistically by a number of donorsand some external analysts, whointerpret, them as signs of Indonesias

political normalization.

E. A different group of analysts paint apicture in which the institutional formshave changed, but power relationshave not. Vedi Hadiz argues that

Indonesias democratic transition hasbeen anything but linear.

a. BDECb. CBDEc. CEBDd. DEBCe. BCDE

75.A. I had six thousand acres of land, and

had thus got much spare land besidesthe coffee plantation. Part of the farmwas native forest, and about onethousand acres were squatters land,what the Kikuyu called their shambas.

B. The squatters land was more intenselyalive than the rest of the farm, and waschanging with the seasons the yearround. The maize grew up higher thanyour head as you walked on the narrowhard-trampled footpaths in between thetall green rustling regiments.

C. The squatters are Natives, who withtheir families hold a few acres on awhite mans farm, and in return haveto work for him a certain number ofdays in the year. My squatters, I think,saw the relationship in a different light,for many of them were born on thefarm, and their fathers before them,and they very likely regarded me as a

sort of superior squatter on theirestates.

D. The Kikuyu also grew the sweetpotatoes that have a vine like leaf andspread over the ground like a denseentangled mat, and many varieties of

big yellow and green speckledpumpkins.

E. The beans ripened in the fields, weregathered and thrashed by the women,and the maize stalks and coffee podswere collected and burned, so that in

certain seasons thin blue columns ofsmoke rose here and there all over thefarm.

a. CBDEb. BCDEc. CBEDd. DBCEe. EDBC

cat previous paper 2007

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