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Luta Raluca Class XII

Teacher : Alinda Ivanov

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Why Castles of Great Britain ?

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Arhitecture• There was a large degree of variation in the size and

exact shape of the castles built in England and Wales after the invasion (norman invasion ) . One popular form of castle was the motte and bailey, in which earth would be piled up into a mound (called a motte) to support a wooden tower, and a wider enclosed area built alongside it (called a bailey)

• The size of these castles varied depending on the geography of the site, the decisions of the builder and the available resources.Analysis of the size of mottes has shown some distinctive regional variation .

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• Motte and Bailey • Palace-fortresses

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Castles of England

1. Chepstow Castle

2. The Tower of London

3. Bodiam Castle

4. Windsor Castle

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Chepstow Castle

• Is one of the earliest stone castles in Britain, and its design heavily influenced later castles

• The first castle at Chepstow was erected in 1067 by William fitz Osbern, a Norman follower of William the Conqueror

• Fitz Osbern wanted a castle to control the main river crossing over the Wye, on the main route into Wales

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The Tower of London

• The Tower began its life as a simple timber and stone enclosure. The original structure was completed by the addition of a ditch and palisade along the north and west sides. This enclosure then received a structure of stone, which came to be called The Great Tower and eventually The White Tower, as we know it today.

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• The White Tower formed the basis of a residential palace and fortress suited for a king or queen. As history has shown to its occupants, the Tower of London became the perfect all-purpose complex.

• The Tower of London has been used as a fortress to protect a prison, used to imprison (for many an accused, it was the last sight they saw on earth), as a home for kings and queens, and as a royal mint and treasury.

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• The Tower of London is the oldest palace, fortress and prison in Europe. History has it that King Edward of England backed down on his promise to give the throne to William, Duke of Normandy and ended up giving the throne to Harold Godwinson, his English brother in law

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Bodiam Castle

• Bodiam Castle is a quadrangular castle located near Robertsbridge in East Sussex, England. It is said to be a perfect example of a late medieval moated castle. While not large enough to garrison many soldiers, the castle was ideally suited for defense against a militant rural populace after the English Peasants’ Revolt and for the entertainment of foreign merchants or dignitaries.

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• It was built in 1385 by Sir Edward Dalyngrigge, a former knight of Edward III, supposedly at the request of Richard II in order to defend the surrounding area from French invasion

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Windsor Castle

• Windsor Castle, in Windsor in the English county of Berkshire, is the largest inhabited castle in the world and, dating back to the time of William the Conqueror, is the oldest in continuous occupation. The castle’s floor area is approximately 484,000 square feet (44,965 square metres).

• Most of the Kings and Queens of England, later Kings and Queens of Great Britain, and later still kings and queens of the Common wealth realms, have had a direct influence on the construction and evolution of the castle, which has been their garrison fortress, home, official palace, and sometimes their prison.

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• When the country has been at peace, the castle has been expanded by the additions of large and grand apartments; when the country has been at war, the castle has been more heavily fortified.

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Scottish castles

1. Caerlaverock Castle

2. Edinburgh Castle

3. Urquhart Castle

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Caerlaverock Castle

• Caerlaverock Castle is a moated triangular castle first built in the 13th century. It is located on the southern coast of Scotland, 11 kilometres (6.8 mi) south of Dumfries, on the edge of the Caerlaverock National Nature Reserve. Caerlaverock was a stronghold of the Maxwell family from the 13th century until the 17th century when the castle was abandoned.

• It was besieged by the English during the Wars of Scottish Independence, and underwent several partial demolitions and reconstructions over the 14th and 15th centuries. In the 17th century, the Maxwells were created Earls of Nithsdale, and built a new lodging within the walls, described as among "the most ambitious early classical domestic architecture in Scotland"

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• The new ranges were completed around 1634, but further religious turmoil soon turned against the Catholic Maxwells. In 1640 the Protestant Covenanter army besieged Caerlaverock for 13 weeks, eventually forcing its surrender. The south wall and tower were demolished, and the castle was never repaired or reoccupied.

• Caerlaverock Castle is within the Nith Estuary  National Scenic Area, protected for its scenic qualities, with the castle recognised as a landmark of the area. The castle is at the northern edge of the Caerlaverock National NatureReserve, which extends to 55 square kilometres and consists of saltmarsh, mudflats and grazing land. It is an internationally important wintering site for waterfowl and wading birds, including the Barnacle Goose.

• Today, the castle is in the care of Historic Scotland and is a popular tourist attraction. It is protected as a schedule monument, and as a category A listed building.

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Edinburgh Castle

• Edinburgh Castle is a historic fortress which dominates the skyline of the city of Edinburgh, Scotland from its position on the Castle Rock. Archaeologists have established human occupation of the rock since at least the Iron Age (2nd century AD), although the nature of the early settlement is unclear.

• The castle has become a recognisable symbol of Edinburgh, and of Scotland. It appears, in stylised form, on the coats of arm of the City of Edinburgh and the University of Edinburgh.

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Urquhart Castle

• Urquhart Castle sits beside Loch Ness in the Highlands of Scotland. The castle is on the A82 Road, 21 kilometres (13 mi) south-west of Invernes and 2 kilometres (1.2 mi) east of the village of Drumnadrochit.

• The present ruins date from the 13th to the 16th centuries, though built on the site of an early medieval fortification

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• The castle, situated on a headland overlooking Loch Ness, is one of the largest in Scotland in area

• The name Urquhart derives from the 7th-century form Airdchartdan, itself a mix of Gaelic air (by) and Old Welsh cardden (thicket or wood). Pieces of vitrified stone, subjected to intense heat and characteristic of early medieval fortification, had been

discovered at Urquhart from the early 20th century. 

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Castles of Northern Ireland

1. Belfast Castle

2. Shane's Castle in Ireland

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Belfast Castle

• Belfast Castle is set on the slopes of Cavehill Country Park, Belfast,Northen IIrleand in a prominent position 400 feet (120 m) above sea level. Its location provides unobstructed views of the city of Belfast and Belfast Lough.

• It is a 19th Century Scottish Baronial style mansion sitting in a prominent position in Cavehill Country Park. It has spectacular views out across Belfast Lough and the city.

• Belfast Castle was built in 1862 to replace an earlier castle in the city centre which was destroyed by fire.

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• The castle sits in its own formally

landscaped gardens, including the

Cat Garden. Tradition has it that good

fortune will come to those who visit

the castle, as long as the castle has

a resident white cat. The Cat Garden

celebrates that will no fewer than nine depictions of the cat in paving, sculpture

and garden furniture.

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Shane's Castle in Ireland

• Shane's Castle was named after the grandfather of Brian O'Neill, whose name was Shane McBrien O'Neill, the Castle is currently occupied by Lord O'Neill near Randalstown, on Lough Neagh, County Antrim, Northern Ireland.

• The Story of Shane's Castles BANSHEE! So it goes in legendery olden times an O'Neill assisted McQuillan in a raid, and found a white heifer whose horns were tangled in a tree with thorns

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“Stones in the road?

I save every single one,

and one day I`ll build a castle.”

Fernando Pessoa