cases in health services management, fifth edition (rakich 5e excerpt)

7/23/2019 Cases in Health Services Management, Fifth Edition (Rakich 5e excerpt)

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Eogtngts

Miout tcn Nabtors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xv Eogtrbiutors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xbxVrn`men . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxbbb Melgowhnadkngts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxvbb

Bgtroauetbog . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxbx

VMYQ B VÎHBE VOHBER MGA QCN NGPBYOGKNGQO@ CNMHQC UNYPBENU ANHBPNYR

= Emrbhbog Ehbgbe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

Mhnxmgarm Vbrbz mga Lurt Amrr

^ganr tcn hnmanrscbp o` m gnw ENO, tcn n`òrts o` m kba-

Mthmgtbe meutn-emrn cospbtmh systnk to anvnhop m vnrtbemhhy bgtn-drmtna ehbgbe cnmhtc systnk rnsuht bg mhhndmtbogs o` mgtbtrust,nxenssbvn cnmhtcemrn eosts, absruptbog o` pcysbebmg rn`nrrmh pmt-tnrgs, mga usn o` cmrsc eohhnetbog prmetbens, mhh o` wcbec emusnm gndmtbvn rnmetbog bg tcn eokkugbty.

9 Utmtn Cnmhtc Anpmrtkngt:Euttbgd Iuadnts bg Qbkns o` Ynvngun Ucort`mhh . . . . . . . . 55

Dmry N. ErukUtmtn cnmhtc anpmrtkngt kmgmdnrs kust maarnss `bgmgebmh, pohbtb-emh, prodrmkkmtbe, mga ntcbemh bssuns bg mttnkptbgd to rnauencnmhtc mdngey iuadnts, bgehuabgd tcn spnebmh ecmhhngdns posna iy mdngey nkphoynns wco mrn prbkmrbhy ebvbh snrvmgts, mga tcn gnnaòr hndbshmtbvn mpprovmh òr rnauetbogs.

5 @hu Pmeebgn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

Kmry L. @nngny

@hu vmeebgn scortmdns bg 9661―966> mrn emusna iy m kmjor kmgu-`meturnr‒s proihnks wbtc qumhbty eogtroh. @nanrmh mga stmtn n`òrts



to sneurn tcn vmeebgn rmbsn puihbe pohbey mga rnsouren-mhhoemtbogbssuns. Qcrnn stuangt rohn-phmy sengmrbos `mebhbtmtn abseussbog.

1 Knabemrn mga Arud-Nhutbgd Utngts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 05

Amvba K. Eurrbn mga Kmrl Mrugabgn

@AM mpprovmh o` cbdc-eost, arud-eomtna stngts òr mgdbophmsty proenaurns ms mhtnrgmtbvns to ugeomtna stngts mga eorogmry iypmss surdnry rmbsns bssuns o` m trman-o`` intwnng qumhbty bkprovnkngt mga eosts o` knabemh trnmtkngt. Utuangts wbhhmhso nxmkbgn tcn n``net og stmlncohanrs‑pmtbngts, cospbtmhs,mga bgsurnrs.

> Knrel‒s Erbxbvmg . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4>

Lbkinrhy M. Yuelnr mga Lurt Amrr

M pcmrkmenutbemh kmgu`meturnr ngeougtnrs sbdgb`bemgt gndmtbvnstmlncohanr rnmetbog to bts bgtroauetbog o` m gnw knabemtbogòr cukmg bkkugoan`bebngey vbrus (CBP) anspbtn cmvbgd knt nxpnetmtbogs òr ehbgbemh rbdor mga emrnùhhy mssnssbgd stmln-

cohanrs mga tcn nxtnrgmh ngvbrogkngt.

VMYQ BB UQYMQNDBE KMGMDNKNGQ

0 Ybvbnrm Knabemh Engtnr: Ybvbnrm Tnhhgnss Unrvbens . . . . . . 2=

Kbecmnh J. Lbgd mga Yoinrt E. Kyrthn

Qcn ENO o` m 5>6-ina cospbtmh nxphorns strmtndbe mhtnrgmtbvns tongcmgen bts `bgmgebmh sbtumtbog mga rnputmtbog iy mslbgd tcn cos-

pbtmh‒s iomra o` abrnetors to mpprovn m worlsbtn wnhhgnss pro-drmk. Qcn prodrmk bs to in kmrlntna to mrnm eokpmgbns òr tcnpurposn o` bkprovbgd worlnrs‒ cnmhtc mga anernmsbgd nkphoynrs‒cnmhtcemrn eosts. Bgehuans pro òrkm `bgmgebmh stmtnkngts.

4 Knabemh Engtnr o` Uoutcnrg Bgabmgm:Eokkugbty Eokkbtkngt mga Ordmgbzmtbog Ynvbvmh . . . =64

Jogmtcog U. Ymlbec mga Mhmg U. Togd

Qcn ordmgbzmtbog hb`n eyehn o` m 20-ina cospbtmh bs trmena `rokbgenptbog iy eokkugbty hnmanrs, `mebhbty anehbgn, mga smhn to mòr-pro`bt systnk, ms wnhh ms rndngnrmtbog wbtc tcn ebty‒s mequbsb-

vbbb Eogtngts



tbog mga ecmgdn to got-òr-pro`bt stmtus. Qcn ENO rn`hnets ogstrmtndbns tcmt rnturgna tcn cospbtmh to pro`btmibhbty mga poganrsbts ùturn abrnetbog.

3 Qcn Emsn o` tcn ^gcnmhtcy Cospbtmh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . =5>

Mgtcogy Y. Lovgnr

M dngnrmh meutn-emrn, got-òr-pro`bt, 5>6-ina cospbtmh bg mg neo-gokbemhhy anprnssna snetbog o` tcn ebty struddhns wbtc rbsbgd eostsmga antnrbormtbgd qumhbty o` emrn. Qwo kmjor bssuns mrn tcn gnnaòr bgvnstkngt bg `mebhbtbns mga tnecgohody ms wnhh ms eogtbgubgdsupport òr sbx o``-sbtn ehbgbes pmrtbmhhy ùgana iy tcn ebty.

2 Nadnwooa Hmln Cospbtmh:Hnmanrscbp bg m Yurmh Cnmhtcemrn @mebhbtyAurbgd Ecmhhngdbgd Neogokbe Qbkns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . =1=

Irngt E. Vottngdnr, Aoudhms Mrecnr, Utnpcng Ecnugd,mga Yoinrt E. Kyrthn

Qcn gnw ENO o` m 56-ina, got-òr-pro`bt rurmh cospbtmh `mens m

turgmrouga sbtumtbog to kmln tcn cospbtmh pro`btmihn m`tnr 5 ynmrso` hossns. Vroihnks bgehuan ecmhhngdbgd pmynr kbx, too kmgy ùhh-tbkn nqubvmhngt stm`` knkinrs pnr oeeupbna ina, mga ab``b-euhty rnerubtbgd pcysbebmgs.

=6 Kunhhnr-O‒Lnn`n Knkorbmh Cokn mgaYntbrnkngt Pbhhmdn: Utrmtndbe Vhmggbgdbg m Eogtbgubgd Emrn Yntbrnkngt Eokkugbty . . . . . . . . =>=

Tbhhbmk N. Mmrogsog

M got-òr-pro`bt, `mbtc-imsna eogtbgubgd emrn rntbrnkngt eokku-gbty snnls cnhp wbtc hogd-rmgdn phmggbgd. M eogsuhtmgt ngeoug-tnrs rnsbstmgen to ecmgdn, qunstbogmihn `bgmgebmh kmgmdnkngt prmetbens, mga m hmel o` iusbgnss meukng bg tcn iomra o` abrnetors.

== Emrndbvnrs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . =02

Ymgab Vrbhuel

M got-òr-pro`bt cokn cnmhtc mdngey nxphorns strmtndbns tobgernmsn rnvngun tcroudc òr-pro`bt vngturns wbtcout jnopmrabz-bgd bts ecmrbtmihn euhturn. Qcn iusbgnss phmggbgd droup eogsbanrs

Eogtngts bx



mg mssbstna-hbvbgd `mebhbty, m prbvmtn-pmy cokn emrn prodrmk, mgamg nhanremrn snrvbens prodrmk to in kmrlntna to iubhabgd owgnrs wbtc m cbdc pnrengtmdn o` nhanrhy rnsbangts.

VMYQ BBB KMGMDNKNGQ, KNABEMH UQM@@, MGA DOPNYGBGD IOAR

=9 Dovnrgmgen Ecmhhngdns mt Dooa CmgasCnmhtcemrn (M) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . =3=

Mky J. Cbhhkmg mga Kmrbhyg Unykmgg

M gursbgd cokn ecmbg o` ovnr 166 `mebhbtbns cms dovnrgmgen

ecmhhngdns bg rnphmebgd tcn ENO wco òugana mga iubht tcneokpmgy< iomra eog`hbet eokphbemtns sohvbgd proihnks o` poor`bgmgebmh pnròrkmgen mga kbssna opportugbtbns.

=5 Qcn Amy M`tnr . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . =24

Ybecmra H. Jocgsog

M `brna ENO rn`hnets og tcn iomra‒s hmel o` uganrstmgabgd o` knabemh stm`` mga bgabvbaumh pcysbebmg rnhmtbogscbps wbtc tcn cos-pbtmh. Eog`bangt tcmt cn cma iomra support bg m eogtrmet absputn wbtc cospbtmh-imsna rmabohodbsts snnlbgd to iubha m eokpntbgdo``-sbtn bkmdbgd engtnr, cn wms surprbsna wcng cn wms `brna< cn`mbhna to mpprnebmtn tcn pownr o` tcn knabemh stm`` mga tcn òurpcysbebmg iomra knkinrs.

=1 Cmrthmga Knkorbmh Cospbtmh: Bg-Iox mgaVrborbty-Unttbgd Nxnrebsn, Vmrt = (YNPBUNA) . . . . . . . . . . 964

Lngt P. Yoganmu, Jocg N. Vmuh, mga Jogmtcog U. Ymlbec

Pben prnsbangt òr gursbgd snrvbens mt m 93>-ina òr-pro`bt cospb-tmh anebans wcmt metbog to tmln rndmrabgd cnr bg-iox, wcbecbgehuans n-kmbhs, eorrnspogangen, pcogn knssmdns, mga ecmh-hngdns (n.d., two mgdry gursns, m wmganrbgd pmtbngt, stm`` scort-mdns, bgernmsbgd OY bg`netbogs). Nkpcmsbzns prborbty snttbgd,anebsbog kmlbgd, mga anhndmtbog.

=> Qcn Ima Bkmdn Ymabohody Anpmrtkngt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95= Lurt Amrr

Kmgmdnkngt o` m eokkugbty cospbtmh bs ugwbhhbgd to rneodgbznmga maarnss tcn kmjor proihnks bg bts rmabohody anpmrtkngt,

x Eogtngts



wcbec bs abrnetna iy m rmabohodbst wcosn absruptbvn incmvbor mgaprnoeeupmtbog wbtc bgeokn mga stoel kmrlnt spneuhmtbog cmvnabkbgbscna tcn qumhbty o` rmabodrmpc rnmabgds wbtc trmdbe rnsuhts.

=0 Tnstkougt Gursbgd Cokns, Bge.:Bkphnkngtbgd m Eogtbguous ]umhbtyBkprovnkngt Bgbtbmtbvn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91>

Lngt P. Yoganmu

Qcn ENO cms ab``beuhty ovnreokbgd imrrbnrs mga pbt`mhhs bgbkphnkngtbgd Q]K bg m ecmbg o` snvng gursbgd cokns. Qcnnkirobhkngt o` tcn Q]K bgbtbmtbvn bg gndotbmtbogs wbtc tcnugbog rnprnsngtbgd gursns tcrnmtngs tcn bgbtbmtbvn‒s `uturn.

=4 Abstrbet Cospbtmh: M Hnssog bg Dovnrgmgen . . . . . . . . . . . 9>4

Eygtcbm Hnvbg mga Lurt Amrr

M tmx abstrbet eokkugbty cospbtmh cms kmjor proihnks wbtc btsdovnrgmgen strueturn inemusn o` cbstorbemh mgbkosbtbns mkogdbgtnrgmh stmlncohanrs, knabemh stm`` pohbtbes, wnml mga mkibvmhngt

sngbor kmgmdnkngt, mga m absruptbvn knkinr o` tcn knabemhstm`` wbtc mkibtbogs to mttmbg kmjor pownr bg tcn cospbtmh.

VMYQ BP YNUO^YEN ^QBHBZMQBOG MGA EOGQYOH

=3 Yndbogmh Cnmhtc Uystnk: Qcn Umtnhhbtn Cnmhtc Vmrl Utrmtndy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 945

Jogmtcog U. Ymlbec mga Kbecmnh @. Yohpc

Qcn E@O mssnssns tcn `bgmgebmh `nmsbibhbty o` nstmihbscbgd m smtnh-hbtn cnmhtc pmrl eogsbstbgd o` mg opctcmhkbe surdnry engtnr, mabmdgostbe `mebhbty, mga m rncmibhbtmtbog `mebhbty. Amtm og bgvnst-kngt, eost, mga projnetna rnvngun imsna og pmtbngt kbx mrn pro- vbana `or nmec proposna cnmhtc pmrl snrvben. Qcn E@O antnr-kbgns prnsngt vmhun o` emsc `how mga eogauets pmyimel mgmhysbs.

=2 Qcn NY tcmt Inemkn tcn Nknrdngey: Kmgmdbgd tcn Aouihn Ibga . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 932

Nmrh Ubkngabgdnr, Kmry Mggn Tmtsog, Kbln Jmspnrsog,mga Irymg Iohbmra

M eokkugbty cospbtmh nxpnrbngens tcn gndmtbvn `bgmgebmh bkpmet o` m ebty cospbtmh‒s anebsbog to abvnrt knabemhhy bgabdngt NY

Eogtngts xb



pmtbngts. Hn`t ugecnelna, tcn prmetben wbhh ernmtn m hmrdn an`bebt. Qurgbgd tcn pmtbngts mwmy wbhh mhso ernmtn tcn aouihn ibga o` snrbous puihbe rnhmtbogs proihnks òr tcn cospbtmh.

96 Mttbem Knkorbmh Cospbtmh: Qcn Bgdnhsog Iurg Engtnr . . 922

Ioggbn Ngd-Uunss mga Yoinrt E. Kyrthn

M`tnr tcn knrdnr o` two cospbtmhs, phmggbgd bgehuana cow toeogsohbamtn auphbemtn snrvbens mga rnmhbdg otcnr ugbts. Qcn iurgengtnr rnenbvna spnebmh mttngtbog. Qcn anebsbog eogsbanrs `bgmg-ebmh n``nets ms wnhh ms eokkugbty mga ordmgbzmtbogmh bkpmet.

9= Tnst @horbam Yndbogmh Knabemh Engtnr (M) . . . . . . . . . . . . 5=4

Eurtbs V. KeHmudchbg

Qcn ENO o` m hmrdn òr-pro`bt knabemh engtnr bg m snrvben mrnm wbtc bgtngsn eokpntbtbog nvmhumtns tcn cospbtmh‒s E]B prodrmkto maarnss bssuns o` bkprovnkngt bg outeokns.

99 Irugswbel Eokkugbty Cospbtmh Emsc @how Erbsbs . . . . . 552

Kbecmnh Tbhtògd, Dmry Y. Tnhhs, mga Tbhhbmk N. Utrmttog

Qcn gnw E@O o` m eougty-owgna, >1-ina meutn emrn cospbtmh wbtc mg mttmecna >3-ina slbhhna gursbgd `mebhbty eogsbanrs optbogsto rnsohvn m emsc `how erbsbs, wcbec bgehuan sneurbgd hogd-tnrk`bgmgebgd, iorrowbgd `rok an`nrrna eokpngsmtbog ùgas, mgarnauebgd worlbgd empbtmh gnnas, suec ms meeougts rnenbvmihns.Bgehuans `bgmgebmh stmtnkngts.

VMYQ P C^KMG YNUO^YEN KMGMDNKNGQ MGA OYDMGBZMQBOGMH ARGMKBEU

95 Umgtorbgb Cospbtmh: Emg Euhturn Ecmgdn Umvn Bt? . . . . . . 5>>

Yoggbn Yoarbdo Ioogdmhbgd mga Yoinrt E. Kyrthn

M gnw ENO o` m >3>-ina cospbtmh snnls to ecmgdn tcn gndmtbvnordmgbzmtbogmh euhturn emusna iy prnvbous makbgbstrmtbogs. Bssunsbgehuan costbhn hmior rnhmtbogs mga rnùsmh to rneodgbzn m ugbog

enrtb`bna iy tcn Gmtbogmh Hmior Ynhmtbogs Iomra< pcysbebmg eog-`hbets, bgehuabgd m hoss o` spnebmhbsts< gndmtbvn bgspnetbog rnports<mga bgtnrruptbog o` m iubhabgd prodrmk.

xbb Eogtngts



91 Cospbtmh Uo`twmrn Uohutbogs (M) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50>

Nhbzmintc K. M. Drmsiy mga Jmsog Utorgnhhb

M so`twmrn eokpmgy supphybgd bgtndrmtna tnecgohody snrvbens toOgtmrbo cospbtmhs cms bhh-an`bgna strueturn mga eogtrohs. M gnw nkphoynn bs `rustrmtna wbtc eog`hbetbgd ankmgas `rok tcn `brk‒ssupnrbors mga nxpnetmtbogs bgeogsbstngt wbtc cnr joi anserbptbog.

9> M Gnw ‘Irmga‛ ̀ or Ungbor Cnmhtc Vhus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 542

Yosmhbn Tmecskutc mga Yoinrt E. Kyrthn

Bgtnranpmrtkngtmh eog`hbet oeeurs intwnng kmrlntbgd mgacukmg rnsourens (CY) bg m Knabemrn CKO wcng kmrlntbgdanvnhops m irmgabgd emkpmbdg wbtcout bgvohvbgd CY, nvngtcoudc CY kust kmgmdn tcn euhturn ecmgdn gnnana to support tcn irmga‒s bkphnkngtmtbog.

90 Mutukg Vmrl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 532

Emrm Qcokmsog mga Yoinrt E. Kyrthn

Qcn nxneutbvn abrnetor mga tcn abrnetor o` mssbstna hbvbgd bg meokkugbty òr bganpngangt mga mssbstna hbvbgd rnsbangts `menproihnks bg rnsohvbgd m absmdrnnkngt rndmrabgd tcn propnr hnvnho` emrn òr m ab``beuht rnsbangt.

94 Mppmhmecbmg Cokn Cnmhtc Unrvbens . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 522

Lmtcryg C. Amgsly

M got-òr-pro`bt cnmhtc mdngey `mens m eogtrovnrsbmh ecobeninemusn bts inst gursn mpphbemgt bs m eogvbetna `nhog. M rnvbnw scows uganrhybgd proihnks bg rnerubtkngt mga stm``bgd, dngnrmhhy.

93 Uuiurimg Cnmhtc Engtnr . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16>

Iruen A. Nvmgs mga Dnordn U. Eoohny

Qcn supnrvbsor o` tcn suiurimg irmgec o` m ebty cnmhtc anpmrt-kngt `mens proihnks o` mg bgsuiorabgmtn mga possbihy bgeokpn-

tngt gursn. Hmel o` mutcorbty mga bgmanqumtn support `roksupnrbors mrn eokphbemtna iy tcn hmel o` nkphoynn pnròrkmgennvmhumtbogs.

Eogtngts xbbb



VMYQ PB NQCBEU BGEBANGQU

92 Ntcbes Bgebangts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1==

Lurt Amrr

Qng kbgb―emsn stuabns eovnr tcn spnetruk o` makbgbstrmtbvn mgaehbgbemh ntcbemh bssuns, `rok eog`hbets o` bgtnrnst to abscognst eog-trmetors mga `rok bg`netbog eogtroh to mavmgen abrnetbvns.

Makbgbstrmtbvn NtcbesBgebangt =: Iorrowna QbknBgebangt 9: Nknrdngey Anpmrtkngt Ynpnmt Makbssbogs:

M ]unstbog o` Ynsouren ^sn

Bgebangt 5: Qcn Makbgbstrmtbvn Bgstbtutbogmh NtcbesEokkbttnn

Bgebangt 1: Ibts mga VbnensBgebangt >: M Votngtbmhhy Ucoelbgd Ynvnhmtbog

Ehbgbemh NtcbesBgebangt 0: Vrotnetbgd tcn Eokkugbty Bgebangt 4: AnebsbogsBgebangt 3: Qcn Kbssbgd Gnnahn VrotnetorBgebangt 2: Ankmrlntbgd to Mvoba Imglruptey Bgebangt =6: Uokntcbgd Kust In Aogn, Iut Tcmt?

xbv Eogtngts



xxbbb

Vrn`men

Hbln bts prnanenssors, tcn `b`tc nabtbog o` Emsns bg Cnmhtc Unrvbens Kmgmdn-kngt anserbins kmgmdnkngt proihnks mga bssuns bg m vmrbnty o` cnmhtcemrnsnttbgds. Qcn prbkmry erbtnrbog usna òr snhnetbgd tcn emsns wms tcmt nmec

cma to in rbec bg mpphbna hnssogs. Qcn rnsuht bs m eokprncngsbvn snt o` cnmhtc snrvbens kmgmdnkngt emsns bg ogn vohukn, 50% o` tcnk gnw.Unhnetbog wms tnkpnrna iy tcn nabtors‒ 26 ynmrs o` eokibgna nxpnrbngentnmecbgd wbtc tcn emsn kntcoa.

Qcn emsns bg tcbs nabtbog mrn o` vmrbous hngdtcs mga eokphnxbtbns mgamrn droupna bgto sbx pmrts. O` tcn 93 emsns, =6 mrn gnw. Ogn emrryovnr emsn,Cmrthmga Knkorbmh Cospbtmh, cms inng eokphntnhy rnvbsna. Emsns tcmt cmvnstooa tcn tnst o` tbkn mrn rntmbgna bg tcbs nabtbog. Mhkost cmh` o` tcn emsns`nmturn snttbgds outsban meutn emrn cospbtmhs, bgehuabgd hogd-tnrk emrn

`mebhbtbns, cnmhtc gntworls, m eogtbgubgd emrn rntbrnkngt eokkugbty, mgnknrdngey anpmrtkngt, m cospbtmh iurg ugbt, m pcmrkmenutbemh eokpmgy, mebty cnmhtc anpmrtkngt, m cokn cnmhtc mdngey, mga m so`twmrn eokpmgy.Vmrt B bs gnw mga òeusns og puihbe pohbey mga tcn ngvbrogkngt o` cnmhtcsnrvbens anhbvnry.

Meutn emrn cospbtmh emsns bgehuan m rmgdn o` sbzns, typns, owgnrscbps,mga dnodrmpcbe hoemtbogs, bgehuabgd rurmh mga bggnr-ebty snttbgds. Ogn cos-pbtmh emsn bs snt bg m kuhtb-bgstbtutbogmh systnk< mgotcnr mpphbns tcn prbgeb-phns o` eogtbguous qumhbty bkprovnkngt. Mg bg-iox nxnrebsn snt bg m cospb-

tmh sbkuhmtns tcn tbkn prnssurns mga bkportmgen o` prborbtbzbgd bssuns tcmt eog`rogt kmgmdnrs.

Anpngabgd og anptc o` mgmhysbs mga tcn mkougt o` tbkn mvmbhmihn òrout-o`-ehmss prnpmrmtbog, kost emsns emg in maarnssna manqumtnhy bg ognor two ehmss cours. M `nw emsns mrn scort mga prnsngt sbgdhn bssuns. Kost,cownvnr, mrn bgtndrmtbvn mga eokphnx, mga bgvohvn kuhtbphn proihnks mgabssuns. Mgmhysns wbhh rnqubrn mpphybgd snvnrmh abserntn absebphbgns mgalgowhnadn mrnms. ^snrs kust sygtcnsbzn mga mpphy lgowhnadn, slbhhs, mganxpnrbngen `rok tcn soebmh-incmvbormh sebngens< makbgbstrmtbvn mga ehbgbemh

ntcbes< bgabvbaumh, soebmh, mga ngvbrogkngtmh antnrkbgmgts o` cnmhtc< kmg-mdnkngt mga makbgbstrmtbog (n.d., strmtndbe phmggbgd mga pohbey òrkuhm-tbog, kmrlntbgd, ordmgbzmtbogmh mga makbgbstrmtbvn rnhmtbogscbps, proihnksohvbgd, rnsouren mhhoemtbog mga utbhbzmtbog, eogtroh, `bgmgebmh kmgmdn-



kngt, cukmg rnsourens kmgmdnkngt)< mga cnmhtc snrvbens ordmgbzmtbog,`bgmgebgd, mga anhbvnry.

Qcn prbkmry muabngen òr tcbs iool bs stuangts bg cnmhtc snrvbens

kmgmdnkngt prodrmks. Emsns mrn nspnebmhhy n``netbvn bg bgtndrmtbgd tcneurrbeuhuk, mga kmgy stuangts wbhh usn tcbs iool bg m empstogn eoursn.Emsn mgmhysbs irbadns tcnory mga prmetben. Bg tcbs rndmra, gnw mga nxpnrb-ngena kmgmdnrs wbhh `bga tcn emsns bgòrkmtbvn ms tcny cogn mgmhytbemh mgaproihnk-sohvbgd slbhhs. Qcnsn emsns emg mhso in usna bg eogtbgubgd pro`ns-sbogmh anvnhopkngt snkbgmrs òr prmetbebgd kmgmdnrs. (M iroma an`bgbtbogo` kmgmdnrs bs mpproprbmtn cnrn inemusn anpmrtkngt cnmas mga kba- mgasngbor-hnvnh kmgmdnrs pnròrk sbkbhmr dngnrbe kmgmdnkngt metbvbtbns.)

Iy tcnbr gmturn, emsns prnsngt nvngts, sbtumtbogs, proihnks, mga bssuns.

Bt bs tcn aygmkbes o` tcn mgmhysbs, nspnebmhhy tcn droup abseussbog, tcmt kmln tcn emsn kntcoa suec m pownrùh mga rbec tooh òr hnmrgbgd. Qcnrn-òrn, usnrs mrn urdna to rnvbnw tcn Bgtroauetbog, wcbec anserbins tcn emsnkntcoa mga emsn mgmhysbs.

Qcn emsns bgehuana bg tcbs vohukn mrn bgtngana to stbkuhmtn ehmss abs-eussbog mga mgmhysbs. Bg kost bgstmgens, tcn gmkns o` ordmgbzmtbogs mgabgabvbaumhs mrn absdubsna. Bg mhh bgstmgens mutcors o` tcn emsns cmvn prn-pmrna wnhh-wrbttng, `metumh sbtumtbogs tcmt mrn imsna og `bnha rnsnmrec bg mspneb`be ordmgbzmtbog, or m eokposbtn emsn imsna og nxpnrbngen wbtc snvnrmh

ordmgbzmtbogs. Gogn o` tcnsn emsns bs knmgt to rn`hnet posbtbvnhy or gndm-tbvnhy og metumh pnrsogs or ordmgbzmtbogs, or to anpbet nbtcnr n``netbvn orbgn``netbvn cmgahbgd o` makbgbstrmtbvn sbtumtbogs.

Qcn 93 emsns mga =6 ntcbes bgebangts mrn ordmgbzna bg sbx pmrts:

Vmrt B: Vuihbe Vohbey mga tcn Ngvbrogkngt o` Cnmhtc Unrvbens Anhbvnry (`bvn emsns)

Vmrt BB: Utrmtndbe Kmgmdnkngt (sbx emsns)

Vmrt BBB: Kmgmdnkngt, Knabemh Utm`̀ , mga Dovnrgbgd Ioay (sbx emsns)Vmrt BP: Ynsouren ^tbhbzmtbog mga Eogtroh (`bvn emsns)

Vmrt P: Cukmg Ynsouren Kmgmdnkngt mga Ordmgbzmtbogmh Aygmkbes(sbx emsns)

Vmrt PB: Bgehuans =6 ntcbes bgebangts tcmt sngsbtbzn mga nauemtn stuangtsmiout tcn makbgbstrmtbvn mga ehbgbemh bssuns tcmt kmgmdnrs eog`rogt.

Qcn sygopsbs o` nmec emsn bg tcn tmihn o` eogtngts bangtb`bns tcn ordmgbzm-

tbogmh snttbgd, aokbgmgt tcnkns, mga bssuns. Ms nxpnrbngtbmh hnmrgbgd bg cnmhtc snrvbens kmgmdnkngt nauemtbog cmsdbvng wmy to korn absebphbgn-imsna abametbe nauemtbog, mga ms yougdnr,hnss-nxpnrbngena stuangts cmvn ngtnrna drmaumtn prodrmks, emsns tcmt

xxbv Vrn`men



mpphy abametbe worl cmvn tmlng og bgernmsna bkportmgen. Qcbs eohhnetbogo` emsns, eokibgna wbtc m sohba memankbe drougabgd bg cnmhtc snrvbens mgakmgmdnkngt absebphbgns, wbhh in o` drnmt mba bg prnpmrbgd stuangts òr sbt-

umtbogs tcny mrn enrtmbg to ngeougtnr ms cnmhtc snrvbens kmgmdnrs. Qcn eorn tmsl o` tnmecbgd otcnrs to kmgmdn n``netbvnhy bg tcn cnmhtc

snrvbens `bnha bs to provban tcn bgsbdct to bangtb`y mga an`bgn proihnks mgatcn juadkngt to mpphy tcn slbhhs mga kntcoas gnnana to sohvn tcnk. Tbtcbgstruetor or snkbgmr-hnmanr dubamgen, emsns suec ms tcosn bg tcbs vohuknemg kmln mg bkportmgt eogtrbiutbog to tcmt nga.

QNSQIOOL U^VVHNKNGQ

MGA BGUQYÊQOY‒U KMG^MH

M usnùh supphnkngt òr stuangts mga bgstruetors usbgd tcn emsn kntcoa bs Kmgmdbgd Cnmhtc Unrvbens Ordmgbzmtbogs mga Uystnks , @b`tc Nabtbog, puihbscnaiy Cnmhtc Vro`nssbogs Vrnss. Qcbs tnxtiool wbhh drouga stuangts bg tcncnmhtcemrn systnk mga dbvn tcnk tcn kmgmdnkngt lgowhnadn gnenssmry òr emsn mgmhysbs. Ecmptnr 0, ‘Kmgmdnrbmh Vroihnk Uohvbgd mga Anebsbog Kmlbgd,‛ bs nspnebmhhy cnhpùh bg prnpmrbgd to usn tcn emsn kntcoa.

Mg Bgstruetor‒s Kmgumh, mvmbhmihn og EA-YOK `rok CnmhtcVro`nssbogs Vrnss, meeokpmgbns Emsns bg Cnmhtc Unrvbens Kmgmdnkngt, @b`tc Nabtbog. Bt eogtmbgs tcn tnmecbgd gotns tcmt cmvn inng prnpmrna iy tcnmutcors o` tcn emsns. Bt bs mvmbhmihn wbtcout ecmrdn to bgstruetors wco maopt tcn emsniool.

Qcn Bgstruetor‒s Kmgumh mhso eogtmbgs òhhow-up emsn supphnkngts totcn òhhowbgd òur emsns bg tcn emsniool:

=. Dovnrgmgen Ecmhhngdns mt Dooa Cmgas Cnmhtcemrn (I, E, mga A)‑òhhow up to emsn #=9

9. Cmrthmga Knkorbmh Cospbtmh (Vmrt 9: Ordmgbzmtbogmh Abmdgosbs mgaUoebmh-Gntworlbgd Nxnrebsn)‑òhhow up to emsn #=1

5. Tnst @horbam Yndbogmh Knabemh Engtnr (I)‑òhhow up to emsn #9=

1. Cospbtmh Uo`twmrn Uohutbogs (I)‑òhhow up to emsn #91.

Bgstruetors wco usn tcn òhhow-up emsns mrn bgvbtna to rnproauen tcnk òrehmssrook usn.

Vrn`men xxv



Qnst your cnmhtcemrn kmgmdnkngt meukng mdmbgst tcnsn 93 ecmhhngdbgd emsns mga

=6 ntcbes bgebangts tcmt rn`hnet tcn eokphnxbty o` toamy‒s cnmhtc snrvben systnks.

Nxphorn `brstcmga tcn ugbqun ihnga o` iusbgnss mga cnmhtc anhbvnry bssuns prnsngt bg

tcbs `bnha iy wrnsthbgd wbtc pbvotmh bssuns you wbhh ngeougtnr ms mg makbgbstrmtor or

kmgmdnr: qumhbty bkprovnkngt, strmtndbe phmggbgd, ntcbemh abhnkkms, ordmgbzmtbogmh

aygmkbes, eost―ingn`bt mgmhysns, rnsouren utbhbzmtbog, mga korn.

Qcn `b`tc nabtbog o` tcbs ehmssbe emsniool bgehuans =6 gnw emsns tcmt rn`hnet tcn

ecmgdbgd ankmgas o` our eogtnkpormry cnmhtcemrn ngvbrogkngt, bgehuabgd:

Tcng mg mavmgen bg knabemh tnecgohody sbdgb`bemgthy bkprovns tcn outeokns o`

m eokkog proenaurn iut trbphns bts eost, emg tcn gnnas o` pmtbngts, cospbtmhs, mga

bgsurnrs in rneogebhna?

M`tnr m eohhmpsn bg hnmanrscbp bg tcn `men o` ugrnst mkogd bgtnrgmh stm`` mga

nxtnrgmh snrvben provbanrs, emg m gnw cospbtmh makbgbstrmtor ecmgdn tcn euhturn

to bgtroauen drnmtnr trmgspmrngey mga m snh`-kmgmdna hnmrgbgd styhn?

Tbhh hmugecbgd m worlnr wnhhgnss prodrmk‑ansbdgna to cnhp mrnm iusbgnssns

bkprovn worlnr cnmhtc mga anernmsn cnmhtcemrn eosts‑ngcmgen tcn rnputmtbog

mga `bgmgebmh posbtbog o` m rndbogmh cospbtmh?

Emg tcn iomra o` abrnetors o` m gmtbogmh kuhtb-hnvnh hogd-tnrk emrn cnmhtc

systnk o` 166 `mebhbtbns ovnreokn bts bgtnrgmh eog`hbets to n``netbvnhy maarnss

tcn ecmhhngdns o` rnphmebgd tcn ENO wco òugana mga iubht tcn iusbgnss?

Vrovbabgd mg nxenptbogmh `rmknworl òr mgmhysbs, anebsbog kmlbgd, mga animtn, Emsns

bg Cnmhtc Unrvbens Kmgmdnkngt bs mg outstmgabgd emsniool òr empstogn mga bssuns

eoursns ms wnhh ms m vmhumihn supphnkngt òr cnmhtc snrvbens eoursns bg ordmgbzmtbog

mga kmgmdnkngt, strmtndbe phmggbgd, `bgmgen, mga kmrlntbgd.

QC

>NABQBOG

MIO^Q QCN NABQOYU: Jogmtcog U. Ymlbec, Vc.A., bs Vro`nssor o` Kmgmdnkngt, Uecooh o` Iusbgnss, Bgabmgm^gbvnrsbty Uoutcnmst< Inmuòrt I. Hogdnst, Jr., Vc.A., @MECN, bs tcn K. Mhhng Voga Vro`nssor o` Cnmhtc Vohbey &Kmgmdnkngt bg tcn Drmaumtn Uecooh o` Vuihbe Cnmhtc mga Abrnetor o` tcn Cnmhtc Vohbey Bgstbtutn mt tcn ^gbvnrsbty o`Vbttsiurdc< mga Lurt Amrr, J.A., Ue.A., @MECN, bs Vro`nssor o` Cospbtmh Makbgbstrmtbog, Uecooh o` Vuihbe Cnmhtc mgaCnmhtc Unrvbens, Qcn Dnordn Tmscbgdtog ^gbvnrsbty.

Eokpmgbog Qnxtiool: Kmgmdbgd Cnmhtc Unrvbens Ordmgbzmtbogs mga Uystnks, @b`tc Nabtbog, iy Hogdnst mga Amrr.

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cases in health services management, fifth edition (rakich 5e excerpt)

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