case work 04-01-2012
TRANSCRIPT
-
7/29/2019 case work 04-01-2012
1/9
OUTLINEIntroduction.
Meaning of social case work process.
Case illustration.
Process of social case work.
Introduction.
Social case work is a method of helping people individually through a one-to-one relationship.
It is used by professionally-trained social workers in social work agencies or organizations to help
people with their problems of social functioning.
It is based on knowledge of human behaviour and various tested approaches.
Meaning of social case work process. Social case work process is a ongoing movement of the continuing development of the case
involving several activities.
Some steps of the social case work are carried out by the social worker alone and some by the
client alone and some by the worker and the client together.
Case illustration.
Process of social case work.
Intake
Study
Diagnosis
Treatment
Evaluation
Termination
Follow up
Intake It is an administrative procedure and not a process of case work.
To take-in the person with problem, enroll him as a client of the agency then starts seconds
interview with the intake worker.
During one or two skillful interviews case worker is able to assess the following:
1. What are the needs/problems of applicant?
2. How and where his needs can be best met?
Areas of Probing:
1. The stage of the problem.
2. The nature of request.
3. His adjustment to his social functioning.4. The state of his physical and mental health.
5.His appearance including dress.
6.Appropriateness and intensity of feelings.
7.Nature of defense mechanisms.
8.Level of motivation.
9.Nature of family, its status, values, relationship pattern within the family.
Psycho Social Study
An exhaustive and systematic collection of facts about the client and his situation is called study.
Psycho-social study involves exploration, observation and documentation.
Information is collected and organized with regard to the following:
Age, sex marital status. Education.
Employment and income.
Health conditions.
-
7/29/2019 case work 04-01-2012
2/9
Personality features.
Attitudes and behaviors.
Home and neighborhood.
Family constellation.
Family history.
Cultural practices.
Developmental stages.
Values and beliefs.
Multidimensional interactions.
Diagnosis (assessment)
Social diagnosis is aimed at finding answers to major three questions:
1. What is the problem?
1. How has it arisen?
1. What can be done to solve it?
According to Lowry (1936) diagnosis consists of:
1. Shifting the relevant from irrelevant data .
1. Organizing the facts and getting them into relatedness.1. Grasping the way in which the facts fit together .
1. Perceiving the configuration of meaning as a whole.
Treatment (intervention/ execution/action)
Treatment is the fourth step in the social case work process which aims at restoring, maintaining or
enhancing social functioning of an individual in need of help.
Clients are helped through following ways.
1. Emotional support .
2. Material things like money, articles, medicines, etc.
3. Non material resources like information and knowledge.
4. Changes in the human and physical environment.
5. Provision of counseling.
Evaluation
It is social workers reviewing of all the other components of the case work process to make an
appraisal of the result.
Here case worker need to evaluate outcome of efforts, and goals are being achieved or not.
If goals are not achieved that situations in case work practice are crisis and non motivated clients
who pose challenge to the practitioners. Dealing with such situations requires specialized
knowledge and approach. This process is known as crisis intervention.
Termination
The worker should discuss the original as well as revised goals helpful or obstructive in achieving
the objectives. Once the client has reached the level of achievement and improved positive feeling then
termination can be planned.
Follow up
Follow up is done to help the client maintain the improvement.
During follow-up the client is helped to discuss the problems he faces in maintaining the
improvement.
Work is done with the people significant for his improved social functioning.
If any problem, may also refer to proper source for needed services and help.
Social Work Code of Ethics
s Confidentiality
s Clients right to self-determination
s Respecting the dignity and worth of every client and every cultural group
-
7/29/2019 case work 04-01-2012
3/9
s Advocacy for social and economic justice
s Developing scientific social work knowledge
s Protection of clients and society from harm (abuse, violence)
s Treating ones colleagues with respect
What is Case Work An overview of Helping Process
Phase I
Intial Stages
Exploration
Assesment
Planning
Enhancing Motivation
Illustrations
SOCIAL CASE WORK
According to Richmond(1915) case work may be defined as,art of doing different things for different
people by cooperating with them to achieve at one,at same time,their own and society betterment
-
7/29/2019 case work 04-01-2012
4/9
Initial Stages
Creating a Climate Conducive to Effective Communication.
Engaging
Rapport
Attitudes & Skills
Empathetic Communication
Rapport:
Purposeful time bound professional relationship established with the client.
Skill:It is a capacity to perform a job effectively.
Empathy:
The ability of case worker to get in to the mind of other person and feel with the client, with out
getting emotionally involved or percive any thing about the client and he should come out
successfully.
Exploration the Problematic Situatation
Relationship Building & Problem Solving Activities occur Concurrently
Assessment
Assessing and formulate a working assessment .
Prioritize
Behavioral patterns
Analysis
Drawing conclusions
Planning
Manageability of the problem
Immediacy of the problem
Tentative diagnosis
Making contract or referral to expert
Enhancing Motivation
Acknowledgment Involuntary Clients & Challenging tasks
INTERACTION
-
7/29/2019 case work 04-01-2012
5/9
Motivation is influenced by the nature of interaction between clients and case worker.
Illustrations
Outcome of the illustration
Outcome Of the Illustration
Track of the client
-
7/29/2019 case work 04-01-2012
6/9
Outcome Of the Illustration
Creating conducive atmosphere
Outcome Of the Illustration
Creating conducive atmosphere
-
7/29/2019 case work 04-01-2012
7/9
Outcome Of the Illustration
Further depth of the problem
CASE WORK
It is practiced in an agency
Concrete help is given
Problem is seen as a whole
Focus on activities
Client Centered Help
Case work depends on the agency
COUNSELLING
Agency is not required
Choice is given, client has to chose
Concern with one type of problem
Focus on Discussions
Problem Centered Help
Counsellor is independent
-
7/29/2019 case work 04-01-2012
8/9
Values vs. Ethics Values are the implicit and explicit ideas about what we cherish as ideal or preferable values determines
which goals and actions we evaluate as good. Our values shapes our beliefs and attitude and vise versa.
Ethics relates to what people consider correct or right ethics generates standards that direct ones conduct.
Ethics represents values in action
Universal Declaration of Human Rights
Ultimate Values: Universal Declaration of Human Rights December 10, 1948
30 Articles (http://www.un.org)
ALL HUMAN BEINGS ARE BORN FREE AND EQUAL IN DIGNITY AND RIGHTS.
Protection of life
Right to equality
Right to autonomy
Right to hava decent quality of life
Right to privacy
How Our Personal Values Influence Practice
Influence forming of relationships
Influence views of situations
Influence selection of options
Diversity often signals value differences
Self-Awareness
Life experiences
Shape perceptions
Affect behavior
Self-awareness distinguishes
Personal issues
Professional responses
NASW Ethical Standards1. social workers ethical responsibilities to clients
2. social workers ethical responsibilities to colleagues
3. social workers ethical responsibilities in practice settings
4. social workers ethical responsibilities as professionals
-
7/29/2019 case work 04-01-2012
9/9
5. social workers ethical responsibilities to the social work profession, and
6. social workers ethical responsibilities to the broader society
NASW Ethical Principles1. Service: SWers primary goal is to help people in need and to address social problems
2. Social Justice: SWers challenge social injustice
3. Dignity and Worth of the Person: SWers respect the inherent dignity and worth of the person
4. Importance of Human Relationships: SWers recognize the central importance of human relationships.
5. Integrity: SWers behave in a trustworthy manner.
6. Competence: SWers practice within their areas of competence and develop and enhance their professionalexpertise.
NASW Social Work Practice Principles
Empathy (vs. emotional contagion)
Individualization : Affirms each clients unique and distinctive characteristics
Nonjudgmentalism : Maintains unbiased attitudes toward clients
Objectivity : Promotes professional caring, concerns, and commitment in working with clients
Self-determination : Upholds clients rights to exercise their own decision-making:
Felt need not they need
Access to resources : Promotes and fosters access to resources and opportunities
Confidentiality* :Respects clients rights to privacy Accountability : Ensures competent professional conduct and comportment
Confidentiality
Absolute confidentiality is seldom achieved. It is more precise to indicate that a system of relative
confidentiality is being used in social work practice
Tarasoff v. Regents of the University of California, 19743 (University of Pittsburgh Law Review, 1975) a
helping professionals obligation to inform the intended victim.