Case Study: Nepal Earthquake

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Hurricane Katrina

70-80% of New

Orleans evacuated

$50 billion in aid

given by US

Government .

1million people

homeless

159mph winds as a

category 5 storm

5m storm surge

overtopped levees

Aircraft delivery 25

tonnes of relief

supplies

90% of buildings

destroyed

Drinking water was

contaminated by

sewage for 5 months.

1800 killed The superdome was

used as an

emergency shelter.

Oil facilities were

damaged and

petrol prices rose

3 million left without

electricity

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UK Extreme Weather Event: UK 2003 Heatwave

Cause

Response

Effects

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Case Study – Cockermouth Flooding

Date:____________________________ Location: _________________________________

Causes: _________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________________

Categorise the effects, social, economic or environmental.

Over 1300 homes

were flooded and

contaminated with

sewage

Stagnant water

needed treating

before it could be

pumped into rivers.

Huge amount of

debris needed to be

cleared.

1 death

Many people lost

power for almost a

month.

Local roads cut off by

flood water.

Over 14000ha of

agricultural land

under water for 4

weeks.

Damage of the flood

estimated to be over

£100 million.

16 farms evacuated. 50 people

evacuated via

helicopter.

The cost of putting

right the damage

was an average

of £28,000 per house

Over 1000 livestock

evacuated

Exam Question: Using an example of a recent extreme weather event in the UK, to what extent

were the economic effects more significant than the social effects. (9 marks)

Are these statements about Nepal or New

Zealand? What were the differences between the

two earthquakes?

181 people killed and 2000 injured.

9000 people died and 20000 people injured.

7000 schools destroyed, 50% of shops

destroyed.

Chemical Toilets were provided for 30,000

people

3 million people were made homeless

80% of roads repaired in 6 months.

Cost of damage estimated to be $11 billion.

Cost of damaged estimated at over $5 billion.

KEY

ITALY

NEPAL

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Thar Desert

Animals need to be able

to tolerate a range of

temperatures

Tourism includes desert

tourism and an annual

desert festival

Over extraction of water

from underground

aquifers

Mineral Extraction

(gypsum for road

building)

The Jaisalmer Wind Park

provides renewable wind

energy

The geology makes the

cliffs very unstable and

they slope toward the sea

Temperature can reach

50 degrees

Lack of roads mean

limited access

Farming using water from

the Ghandi canal

Plants have thin leaves to

reduce water loss

The river Luni only flows in

winter

Lack of rain means limit

on plant growth

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Annotate the Shell logo with the ways in

which the company helps develop Nigeria

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Example of Coastal Management Scheme: Lyme Regis

Location : __________________________________________________________________________________

Identify REASONS / MANAGEMENT / POSITIVES / NEGATIVES

People in Lyme Regis can

now get building insurance

170 buildings are at risk from

landslide

Coast is hit by a large

4000km fetch

1000 Steel pins were drilled

into the cliffs to stabilise

The beach will need to be

replenished every 3 years

The geology makes the

cliffs very unstable and they

slope toward the sea

The scheme cost £30 Million The sea wall will last only 30

years before it needs to be

replaced

75,000 tons of sand added

to the beach (beach

nourishment) to absorb

wave energy

Flooding on the sea front

has been prevented

500 metre sea wall was

added with a rock armour

in front

New sea wall acted as a

walk way increasing tourism

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Case Study – Birmingham’s Importance

Location: _________________________________

Categorise into National or International importance.

Direct rail links to

many UK cities. Used

by over 34 million

people per year

Over 300 companies

from outside of the

UK are based in

Birmingham.

Birmingham has over

9 million users in 2014.

Rated in the top 15

best cities in Europe in

2009

New Street Station is

the busiest station

outside of London

Birmingham airport

connects the city to

Africa, South America

as well as US and

China.

Excellent job

opportunities

including 200 UK law

firms

Damage of the flood

estimated to be over

£100 million.

£13 billion invested in

infrastructure over the

next decade to

make it a city of

global importance

Birmingham is one of

the greenest UK cities

with over 8,000 acres

of parks

Birmingham’s

hippodrome is the

busiest theatre in the

UK with over 500K

visitors per year

Major companies

such as Cadbury and

Jaguar are located in

Birmingham

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Compare the

relationship between

distance from source

and depth of river for

the two rivers.

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TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT Each picture shows a different solution to manage traffic in an urban area. Annotate

each image to describe what each method is and explain how it can reduce traffic congestion. Task: Each picture shows a different solution to manage traffic in an urban area. Annotate each image to describe what each method is and explain how it can reduce traffic congestion.

Secure knowledge – to describe methods to reduce traffic congestion in major cities.

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TRANSATIONAL COMPANIES What are the advantages and disadvantages of TNCs?

TNCs can help countries

develop by investing

moneyENCOURAGING

DEVELOPMENT. Shell have

spent $12 billion in LICs for

example

TNCs often have charities to

help people in the country

they work in. Shall have the

Shell foundation to help

sustainability and biodiversity

and help local communities.

TNCs pay tax which can be

used by the governments of

countries to help their people.

Shell paid £20billion in

corporation tax in 2013 for

example.

TNCs have been accused of

human rights abuses in the

past. Shell have been

accused of crimes against

the Ogoni people in the

Niger Delta for example

The Jobs in the LEDC’s are

not secure. They could lose

their jobs without warning if

company decide to set up

somewhere cheaper.

TNCs activities have polluted

the environment in the past.

Shell has had many incidents

involving oil spills for example

Employees in LIC’s are working

for long hours (e.g. 12+ hours) in

poor conditions. (These are

known as “Sweat Shops”)

Oil refineries like those in

Nigeria use lots of local

companies to help them

run. This creates a multiplier

effect

Some TNCs have been

known to use child labour in

their factories

TNCs allow the import of new

technologies into a country,

improving it.

TNCs create jobs for people Many TNCs do try to clean

up after they accidently

damage the environment.

Employees in LEDC’s might be

paid much less than

Employees in MEDC’s for

doing higher intensity jobs

The profits from the production

go straight to the headquarters

in the HIC. They aren’t

reinvested in the LIC.

TNCs can try to develop

new sustainable products –

Shell has been investing in

renewable energy for

example

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Traffic management strategy

Freiburg has an integrated traffic plan which is updated every 10 years. The main area is the

tram network which provides efficient, cheap and accessible public transport. Compared to

other German cities, Freiburg has a low car density with less than 500 cars per 1000

inhabitants. In the space of 1 year, tram journeys have increased by 25000 whilst car journeys

reduced by nearly 30000.

400km of cycle paths with 9000 parking spaces for bikes

Restrictions on car parking with one district charging £20,000 per space

The tram network covers 30km and is connected by 170km of city bus routes

70% of the population live within 500m of a tram stop with a tram every 8 mins

Any ticket for a concert, sports or other event is valid for use on public transport

RANK THE STRATEGIES

In your opinion, explain which is the most important strategy for improving transport?

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

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Effects of Deforestation Look at the information blocks below. Shade the key with four different

colours and then sort the information below into the correct four categories:

Why is deforestation happening?

Resources of the Amazon Rainforest

Local effects Global effects

One third of the world’s trees still grow in the Amazon Rainforest.

Minerals provide the region with a vast natural resource. They include diamonds and gold.

Resource: land covered in rainforest is cleared for settlement.

Deforestation has a direct effect on global climates, contributing to the Greenhouse effect.

Deforestation has an impact on the worlds oxygen supply, as one third is stored in the Rainforests.

Large multi-national companies use the land to run cattle farms, to sell beef to developed countries.

Timber, mainly hardwoods, is taken for markets in developed countries. This is a valuable source of income for Brazil.

A typical patch of Rainforest, holds 1500 species of plant, 750 species of trees, 700 species of animals

One quarter of the world’s fresh water is stored in the Amazon Basin and this store will be reduced if the Rainforest is cut down.

Some of the cattle ranchers and settlements have been abandoned, due to poor soil quality on the previous Rainforest area

Reduction in the number of tribes’ people, a decrease by 96%. Land taken from them.

Soil becomes infertile (not as nutrient rich) as the canopy layer is removed and the rainfall can remove more of the soil.

As large areas of the Rainforest are cut down there is a loss in biodiversity.

There are 25 million landless people in Brazil – new land is needed for settlements

Hydro-electric power is an important renewable resource.

To develop all of Brazil, the government has developed a series of roads into the Amazon Rainforest.

There is a growing need for land to be used for farming – cattle and agriculture.

The Rainforest is used as a world tourist site and is protected as a world heritage site.

of Birmingham

Annotate the image to suggest ways that

international migration has affected the character of Birmingham.

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Read through the statements below about Human uses of the Amazon Rainforest. Complete the key to

show which you think are positive impacts and which are negative:

Profits Selling resources can be used to

improve a country's infrastructure

Infrastructure Hospitals and education can be

improved from the money gained from selling natural resources

Roads These divide up parts of the forest

and can cut off connections between different systems.

Large-Scale Farming Brings money into the country and

provides food and jobs for the country’s growing population

Transportation Better transportation means easier

access to raw materials like minerals and timber. Forest

resources can be transported away and sold

Land Clearance Farming, transportation and mining can lead to deforestation. Hardwood tree

take many years to grow so can be difficult to replace

Fertile Soils That make farming possible are quickly washed away when the

forest is cleared. If soil ends up in rivers it can lead to flooding

Profits From large-scale farming and

selling resources often go back to rich country’s or large companies and don’t benefit the rainforest

Raw Materials

Tropical hardwoods such as ebony and mahogany, can be sold for a

good price abroad

Loss Of Animals Habitat This occurs when trees are cut down.

Deforestation can result in endangering animals and plant life, or even lead to

them becoming extinct

Mineral Deposits The Amazon includes bauxite, iron

ore, manages, gold, silver and diamonds

Amazonian Indians Five years ago there were an

estimated ten million tribesmen living in the rainforest, today there

is estimated only 200,000

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The strength of the earthquake

doesn’t always mean it is going to

cause the most damage: What do

you think is the most important.

Rank the statements opposite in

order.

Most

Least

1. The size of the earthquake on the Richter scale - the higher it

is on the scale, the more destruction it can cause.

2. Level of development - whether it occurs in a rich or a poor

country. Richer countries will be more likely to be able to

predict, protect and prepare themselves from the effects of

an earthquake.

3. The depth of the focus - if it's shallow, it can be more

destructive.

4. Distance from epicentre - the effects of an earthquake are

more severe at its centre.

5. Population density - the more people living in an area, the

more likely that more deaths and casualties may arise.

6. The time of day - whether people are in their homes, work or

travelling.

Case Study – New Zealand Earthquake

Location: __________________________________________________________________________________

Date: ________________ Number of deaths: ________________ Richter scale: ________________

Primary effects Secondary effects Immediate responses Long term responses

Colour code the physical and human causes of climate

change.

Orbital changes (the way the earth moves around the

sun).

Solar output (the amount of energy from the sun).

Burning fossil fuels – releasing CO2 into the atmosphere.

Volcanic eruptions can cause short-term changes to

climate.

Deforestation – cutting down trees.

How are buildings modified to

protect against earthquakes?

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