CARTOGRAPHY ILECTURE 1

CARTOGRAPHY I History of Cartography Map Scales and content Symbolisation Introduction to map production Thematic and topographic mapping Generalisation Map layout Relief representation

CARTOGRAPHY I- NON-BRIDGE Map projections- Trig+a little math Introduction to survey drawings Basic concepts and types; Basic drafting- construction of grid lines Lettering; plotting- Details(offset and polar

methods Longitudinal and cross sections Contouring; preparation of site(cadastral)

plans Inking. Use of ArcView Software Practicals- Using ArcView GIS.

CARTOGRAPHY

CARTOGRAPHYCartography means ‘the conveying of

spatial information by means of maps’Not only the manufacturing of mapsWith the advent of computers and

GIS(Geographical Information Systems) new definition:

‘the information transfer that is centred about a spatial database which can be considered in itself a multifaceted model of geographic reality’

CARTOGRAPHYCartography is a branch of graphicsEfficient at handling data 2d/3d

ManipulationAnalysisDisplay

With the advent of computers and cutting edge technology

Internet and multi-media- demandswww- 50m maps disseminated

through www daily!

CARTOGRAPHY

CARTOGRAPHY- DEFINITIONCartography is defined as ;the art, science and technology of

making maps. Cartography is much more than

that; it is the study and even the use of maps.

CARTOGRAPHY- DEFINITIONCartography as an art:SkillTasteaesthetics

CARTOGRAPHY- DEFINITIONScience=Accumulation and accepted

knowledge that is systematized and formulated wrt general truths and general laws

Technology=ExpertiseEquipmentsTools employed

CARTOGRAPHYRELATION BETWEEN GIS AND

CARTOGRAPHY

CARTOGRAPHYToday’s cartographyRelationship between Geographical Information

Systems (GIS) and Cartography

WHAT IS GIS GIS-Is a computer- based system that allows

georeferenced data to be input, managed(storage and retreival), manipulated and analysed, and output.

Visualisation- use of a computer to create visual displays, the goal of which is to facilitate thinking and problem solving.

CARTOGRAPHY

1. Maps existed before GISs1. Could handle input/output2. Transformation and analysis

2. Maps could be visualisation subset of GIS

3. Maps are an essential support of handling Geographic Information.

1. Maps are direct/

CARTOGRAPHIC GRAMMAR

HOW I SAY WHAT WHOM EFFECTIVE

HOW- METHODS AND TECHNIQUES I- CARTOGRAPHERSAY-COMMUNICATING I GRAPHICS

THE SEMANTICS OF SPATIAL DATAWHAT- SPATIAL DATA AND ITS

CHARACTERISTICS

TYPES OF CARTOGRAPHY1. Types of Cartography

1. Exploratory- visualise to stimulate2. Presentation-viz to present to

group3. Analytical-Falls between 1 and 2

TYPES OF CARTOGRAPHY1. Future of Cartography-prepare

a) Maps users need adaptationb) Map anything –sea bottom, other

planetsc) Keep up with technology

2. Who needs cartography?a) Where ‘here’ is from ‘there’b) How to get ‘there’ from ‘here’c) How ‘here and there’ look like.

CURRENT TRENDS OF CARTOGRAPHY1. Not much- User has to accept the

map as created by Cartographer2. Yet, Cartography is more than just

making maps today3. Digital world transformed not just

Carto. But Geomatics (geospatial techniques)

ADVANTAGES OF COMPUTERS IN CARTOGRAPHY

1. Integration of mapping Sciences- Remote Sensing, Photogrammetry, Surveying

2. Reduction of tedium of Production3. Computer Networks4. Flexibility in design- experimental

maps5. Updates/Easier revision (minor)6. Popularity of computer graphics- vizn7. Less training required to make maps

Carto in the hands of ‘Tom/Dick + Harry =’

Errors

Errors

Errors

Errors

^*&%!

^*&%!

C a r t o g r a p h I c d I s a s t e r

DISADVANTAGES OF COMPUTERS IN CARTOGRAPHY

1. Those not trained in Cartography making maps!

2. Cost of digital data3. Decline of trad. Carto4. Because data is digital- dubious data

unchallenged5. Need for higher training- databases,

OS and programming

WHAT IS A MAP?

QUESTIONS: ?