Carrying on from yesterdayCarrying on from yesterday•Sharing your state position Sharing your state position statements…statements…You are representatives from the state of Maine You are representatives from the state of Maine & Missouri. You are meeting to discuss the & Missouri. You are meeting to discuss the issue of slavery and to elect 2 senators to issue of slavery and to elect 2 senators to represent your state’s views in Congress. represent your state’s views in Congress.

Meet with your fellow state representatives:Meet with your fellow state representatives: Elect 2 senators to go to Congress Elect 2 senators to go to Congress Share your position statements with one another and Share your position statements with one another and decide how best to present your argument on slave v. decide how best to present your argument on slave v. free states (try to anticipate what the other state will free states (try to anticipate what the other state will say) say)

In a few moments, the 2 senators from each In a few moments, the 2 senators from each state will engage in a “Yeah, but…” debate on state will engage in a “Yeah, but…” debate on the issue.the issue.

Why are Jefferson’s words “prophetic”?Why are Jefferson’s words “prophetic”?

““This momentous question, like a This momentous question, like a firebell in the night, awakened and firebell in the night, awakened and filled me with terror. I considered it filled me with terror. I considered it at once as the knell of the Union. It is at once as the knell of the Union. It is hushed, indeed, for the moment. But hushed, indeed, for the moment. But this is a reprieve only, not a final this is a reprieve only, not a final sentence.”sentence.”

-Thomas Jefferson in a letter to John Holmes, April 22, 1820-Thomas Jefferson in a letter to John Holmes, April 22, 1820

Do-NowDo-NowMeet with a partner.

Quickly brainstorm, discuss, and record your ideas:

* What is “foreign policy”?

* How does foreign policy vary from one president to another?

* Provide an example of different foreign policies from different presidents.

Thursday, March 12Thursday, March 12thth

AgendaAgenda• Do-Now• Notes and discussion on Nationalism, Foreign Policy, and the Monroe Doctrine• M.Doctrine Cartoon WS

HomeworkHomework• Monroe Doctrine cartoon worksheet• Review for your quiz tomorrow

What is “foreign policy”?What is “foreign policy”?A government’s stance on international relations. A government’s stance on international relations. A set of goals which determine how a government A set of goals which determine how a government will deal with foreign countries. will deal with foreign countries.

Ex. Treaties, trading, alliances, etc.Ex. Treaties, trading, alliances, etc.

How does foreign policy How does foreign policy vary from president to vary from president to president?president?Presidents vary widely on their foreign policy views Presidents vary widely on their foreign policy views based on circumstances, past experience, etc.based on circumstances, past experience, etc.

What is an example of What is an example of foreign policy?foreign policy?

What is Foreign Policy?What is Foreign Policy? A government’s stance on A government’s stance on

international relationsinternational relations Different presidents vary widely Different presidents vary widely

on their foreign policy viewson their foreign policy viewsEXAMPLE:EXAMPLE:

Two responses to the same issue:Two responses to the same issue: Jefferson’s 1807 Jefferson’s 1807

embargo embargo

(a very “hands off” policy)(a very “hands off” policy)

vs.vs. Madison declares war on Madison declares war on

GBGB

(a very direct, engaging (a very direct, engaging policy)policy)

The Monroe The Monroe DoctrineDoctrine

Nationalism Shapes Foreign PolicyNationalism Shapes Foreign PolicyAnd Monroe Draws a Line in the SandAnd Monroe Draws a Line in the Sand

President James MonroePresident James Monroe 1817-18251817-1825, two terms , two terms

Democratic-Republican, VADemocratic-Republican, VA ““Era of Good FeelingsEra of Good Feelings””

falsefalse term, many problems in the term, many problems in the US after the warUS after the war

well-chosen cabinet of advisorswell-chosen cabinet of advisors Rules over a period of Rules over a period of

NationalismNationalism Focused on unifying & improving Focused on unifying & improving

United States as a wholeUnited States as a whole remembered for “The Monroe remembered for “The Monroe

Doctrine”Doctrine” Declared that America was no Declared that America was no

longer open to European gainslonger open to European gains

President James MonroePresident James MonroeRoad to the PresidencyRoad to the Presidency Member of the Virginia Governor’s Council (1782)Member of the Virginia Governor’s Council (1782) Representative to the Continental Congress (1783)Representative to the Continental Congress (1783) United States Senator (1790)United States Senator (1790) Ambassador to France (1794) Ambassador to France (1794) Governor of Virginia (1799)Governor of Virginia (1799) Negotiator for the purchase of Louisiana (1803)Negotiator for the purchase of Louisiana (1803) Ambassador to Britain(1803)Ambassador to Britain(1803) Secretary of State (1811)Secretary of State (1811) President (1816)President (1816)

What could you say about Monroe What could you say about Monroe based on his prior experience?based on his prior experience?

Essential Essential QuestionsQuestions

Think about it…Think about it…

What circumstances lead to the What circumstances lead to the Monroe Doctrine?Monroe Doctrine?

What was its main point?What was its main point? What contributions were made to American What contributions were made to American

foreign policy during Monroe’s terms as foreign policy during Monroe’s terms as president? president?

How did John Quincy Adams and Thomas How did John Quincy Adams and Thomas Jefferson contribute to the Monroe Doctrine?Jefferson contribute to the Monroe Doctrine?

Secretary of State Secretary of State John Quincy John Quincy AdamsAdams One of Monroe’s many well-qualified One of Monroe’s many well-qualified

cabinet advisorscabinet advisors Son of a presidentSon of a president Presidential ambitions of his ownPresidential ambitions of his own

Nationalist PrioritiesNationalist Priorities under Monroe: under Monroe: SecuritySecurity of the American nation of the American nation Expansion Expansion of its territoryof its territory

Established Established foreign policy guided by:foreign policy guided by: NationalismNationalism, the belief that national interests should be , the belief that national interests should be

placed ahead of regional concerns or the interests of placed ahead of regional concerns or the interests of other countries.other countries.

EXAMPLES OF EXAMPLES OF ADAMS ADAMS NATIONALISM:NATIONALISM:Convention of 1818 Convention of 1818 US-GB relationsUS-GB relations Fixed US border at the 49Fixed US border at the 49thth parallel parallel up to up to

the Rocky Mountainsthe Rocky Mountains

Rush-Bagot Treaty (1817)Rush-Bagot Treaty (1817) Friendship between Canada & USAFriendship between Canada & USA Demilitarized their common borderDemilitarized their common border Reduced military vessels on the Great Reduced military vessels on the Great

LakesLakes

4949thth Parallel & Friendship on the Great Parallel & Friendship on the Great LakesLakes

Monument Reads:Monument Reads: Peace through limitation of naval armament promoted between the dominion of Canada and the United States of America by the signing of the Rush-Bagot Agreement April 28 and 29, 1817. Promoting for the restriction of naval forces on the Great Lakes. This notable agreement was negotiated on behalf of Canada in the British legation which stood on this site (Canada didn't become self-governing until 1867) .

EXAMPLES OF ADAMS EXAMPLES OF ADAMS NATIONALISM:NATIONALISM:

The Oregon TerritoryThe Oregon Territory Negotiated Negotiated joint occupation of joint occupation of

OregonOregon Territory (land west of the Territory (land west of the Rockies) with GB for 10 yearsRockies) with GB for 10 years

Spain gave up its claims to Oregon in Spain gave up its claims to Oregon in the Adams-Onis Treatythe Adams-Onis Treaty

Sharing Oregon Territory for 10 YearsSharing Oregon Territory for 10 Years

EXAMPLES OF ADAMS EXAMPLES OF ADAMS NATIONALISM:NATIONALISM:Adams-Onis Treaty (1823)Adams-Onis Treaty (1823)

Most Americans believed Spanish Florida Most Americans believed Spanish Florida would eventually become part of the USwould eventually become part of the US

In 1819, Spain was too weak to police its In 1819, Spain was too weak to police its Florida Territory:Florida Territory: ceded Spanish Florida to the US ceded Spanish Florida to the US gave up Spanish claims to the Oregon Territory gave up Spanish claims to the Oregon Territory

(leaving them to GB and US) (leaving them to GB and US)

Spanish Give Up Claims to Florida & Spanish Give Up Claims to Florida & OregonOregon

Circumstances Leading to Circumstances Leading to The Monroe Doctrine…The Monroe Doctrine…

Why would president Monroe need Why would president Monroe need to threaten the rest of the world?to threaten the rest of the world?

(Clue: think about U.S. Nationalist goals)(Clue: think about U.S. Nationalist goals)

Why would so boldly defend against Why would so boldly defend against colonization of Latin America?colonization of Latin America?

Answer:Answer:

International Interest in the International Interest in the AmericasAmericasSPAIN & PORTUGAL’SSPAIN & PORTUGAL’SLATIN AMERICAN LATIN AMERICAN COLONIESCOLONIES Spain & Portugal Spain & Portugal

had recently had recently defeated Napoleondefeated Napoleon

Now they wanted to Now they wanted to reclaim former reclaim former colonies in Latin colonies in Latin AmericaAmerica

International Interest in the International Interest in the AmericasAmericasSPAIN & PORTUGAL’S LATIN AMERICAN SPAIN & PORTUGAL’S LATIN AMERICAN COLONIESCOLONIES

Answer:Answer:

International Interest in the International Interest in the AmericasAmericasRUSSIA PUSHING INRUSSIA PUSHING INFROM NORTHWESTFROM NORTHWEST

Russia had been in Russia had been in Alaska since 1784Alaska since 1784

Started to set up Started to set up trading posts in trading posts in present day present day CaliforniaCalifornia

The Monroe DoctrineThe Monroe DoctrineCAUSES:CAUSES:

INTERNATIONAL INTEREST IN THE AMERICASINTERNATIONAL INTEREST IN THE AMERICAS Problems withProblems with Russia in the northern Pacific coast Russia in the northern Pacific coast European nationsEuropean nations seemed likely to attempt to seemed likely to attempt to

seize recently independent seize recently independent Latin American statesLatin American states President James Monroe announced a new President James Monroe announced a new

national policy:national policy: NO new colonies would be allowed in the Americas, NO new colonies would be allowed in the Americas,

and European powers were not to interfere in the and European powers were not to interfere in the affairs of the Western Hemisphereaffairs of the Western Hemisphere..

THE MONROE DOCTRINETHE MONROE DOCTRINEDecember 1823 December 1823

Considered “Monroe’s Considered “Monroe’s Greatest Moment”Greatest Moment”

The US is no longer open to The US is no longer open to European gains!European gains!

Actually written by John Actually written by John Quincy AdamsQuincy Adams

Cartoon Reads:Special Notice! All guests are

welcome but they must not bring their guns!

THE MONROE DOCTRINETHE MONROE DOCTRINEDecember 1823 December 1823

The US will not permit the following acts The US will not permit the following acts by foreign powers:by foreign powers: Interfering with affairs in the Western Hemisphere Interfering with affairs in the Western Hemisphere Attempts to create new colonies in the Western Attempts to create new colonies in the Western

Hemisphere Hemisphere Any move to overthrow newly independent republicsAny move to overthrow newly independent republics

And will consider these acts And will consider these acts “Dangerous to our peace “Dangerous to our peace

and safety.”and safety.”

THE MONROE DOCTRINETHE MONROE DOCTRINE

Depicts a discussion among the president & members of his cabinet; Left to right are President James Monroe, Secretary of State John Quincy Adams,

Attorney General William Wirt, Secretary of War John Calhoun, and Secretary of the Navy Samuel L. Southard

THE MONROE DOCTRINETHE MONROE DOCTRINE

How is Monroe depicted in this cartoon?How is Monroe depicted in this cartoon?

THE MONROE DOCTRINETHE MONROE DOCTRINE

Monroe’s Finest MomentMonroe’s Finest Moment

President James Monroe with his cabinet as he outlines the Monroe Doctrine, a new direction in U. S. foreign policy that demonstrated American determination and power in the hemisphere. THE LIBRARY OF CONGRESS

Check your understanding…Check your understanding…

How were the Monroe Doctrine How were the Monroe Doctrine and these other instances of and these other instances of foreign policy examples of foreign policy examples of Nationalism?Nationalism?

How were they examples of How were they examples of expansionism?expansionism?