caroline fletcher advisor: dan karmgard. astrophysics compact muon solenoid
TRANSCRIPT
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RESEARCH EDUCATION FOR TEACHERS SUMMER 2013
Caroline Fletcher
Advisor: Dan Karmgard
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Projects
Astrophysics
Compact Muon Solenoid
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Astrophysics
Observational Astronomy Telescope alignment
Celestron 8-inch.
Image taking SBIG ST-8XECCD camera and attached it to the Celestron CPC800 11-inch Schmidt-Cassegrain telescope.
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Compact
Muon
Solenoid
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Cartoon Muon Solenoid Program: Components:
Image This is a three dimensional image of the Compact
Muon Solenoid (CMS) detector. Can rotate and view every inch of the detector
while studying the variety of events.
CMS
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Graphic Controls Controls the transparency of each detector part. Detectable Path
This is the actual physics. (The vector sum of Transverse momentum in the x-y plane)
CMS
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Event type EM: Electrons/Positrons/Photons
These stop in the Ecal HD: Charged pions/neutral kaons
These stop in the Hcal Mu: Muons/Neutrions
These travel through the entire detector. Charge
Determines the shape of the track. 0 = straight line -1/+1 bend in the opposite direction.
Px/Py/Pz
The charge determines the direction and the momentum determines the amount of curvature. This will only occur in the x-y plane due to the solenoid being
oriented along the z-axis. Vertex
Where the collision occurred (0 cm)
CMS
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Underlying Event This allows you to see EVERYTHING!! (HELP ME)
Avg Bkg The average background value is used as the average of a flat
distribution. Lower number = less realistic
PtCut This filter allows you to concentrate on the transverse momentum.
Higher momentum = less tracks Track
Number assigned to each track. Color
This enables you to “pin-point” the exact track you wish to study when concentrating on momentum.
Help and Home Self explanatory!
CMS
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Particle Identification Color Code
Since tracks are generated without your interaction, colors have been assigned to particle type Electrons = Green Photons = Light Blue Hadrons = Yellow Muons = Red Neutrinos = Dark Blue
CMS
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Track information Hold shift and left mouse together, and a box
will appear. pz = Momentum on the z-axis
pT = Transverse Momentum
φ = Angular displacement ɳ = Efficiency VTX = Vertex M = Mass E = Energy ID = Particle
CMS
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Select a
Process
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Hard Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) Hadron-Hadron collisions and predicted by the perturbation
theory. Fragment into jets.
pT Cut (MeV) = 0
pT Cut (GeV) = 5
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Top Quark The heaviest of all six which makes it very short lived.
The been has to be at least 7 TeV. Decay into W-boson and a bottom quark.
pT Cut (GeV) = 5
pT Cut (MeV) = 0
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LeptoQuark Hypothetical Particle (Do I need to say more?)
pp collisions with energies around 7 TeV. Being heavy, these particles decay very quickly into one of three generations.
pT Cut (GeV) = 5
pT Cut (MeV) = 0
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Standard Model (SM) Higgs This particle has no spin, electric charge, or color
change with mass around 125 GeV/c2. Unstable = Quick Decay Many believe that this particle explains why some
particles are massive and others mass-less. Most probable decays:
b-quark-b-antiquark, charmed quark-charmed antiquark, or tau-anti-tau.
Other possibilities: WW and ZZ, although these particles will also
undergo another stage of decay (lepton-anti-lepton, neutron-anti-neutron, quark-anti-quark)
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pT Cut (MeV) = 0
pT Cut (GeV) = 5
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Prompt Photons pp collisions and are detected in the eCal. Because they do not fragment into jets, we can
achieve a more accurate picture of these photons. Two processes
Low pT The quark gluon Compton Scattering process dominates.
High pT
Quark anti-quark annihilation dominates.
As the curves steepness decreases, the pT will increases.
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pT Cut (MeV) = 0
pT Cut (GeV) = 5
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Weak Boson Exchange W and Z particles that are the carrier of the
electromagnetic force. We only see the decay particles! There are 24 possibilities with only 21 that are
visible. Most common: quark-antiquark pair which you can see
as jets.
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pT Cut (MeV) = 0
pT Cut (GeV) = 5
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Single
pT Cut (MeV) = 0
pT Cut (GeV) = 5
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Boson Pair
pT Cut (MeV) = 0
pT Cut (GeV) = 5
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Boson + Jet
pT Cut (MeV) = 0
pT Cut (GeV) = 5
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CMS public data (The REAL thing!!!!) How to choose your data set
Select data file: Choose which type of event you would like to research.
Event: Public released data usually in sequential order.
Muon Filters: Tracker is the inner most part of the detector, and
the muons that are detected in this section produce ambiguous results in all other parts of the detector.
Stand Alone: This type of muon is detected in the spectrometer and has no detection in the tracker. These muons are more than likely produced from a decay and are also accompanied with a jet.
Global: This type of muon is measured in all sections of the detector.
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Jet cones: The cones indicate that there are many particles traveling together in the same direction away from the same source. This is also a sign that a quark collision may have just occurred. You may check this box for on/off view.
Jet Hadrons: Quarks or Gluons have been knocked out of the proton.
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I KNOW……. She is finally DONE!!!!
Thank You!