caribbean meteorological organizationmet & hydromet services in cmo member states (nmhs) weather...
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CARIBBEAN METEOROLOGICAL CARIBBEAN METEOROLOGICAL ORGANIZATIONORGANIZATION
AGROMETEOROLOGY IN THE MEMBER STATES OF THE CMO
The Role of the National Meteorological and Hydrometeorological Services
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Long history of regional cooperation in Meteorology & Allied Sciences
1951 – British Caribbean Met. Service (BCMS) HQ in T&T
1958 – BCMS became Federated WI Met. Service (WIMS)
1962 – Caribbean Met. Council (CMC) formed1962 – Dissolution of the WI Federation1963 – WIMS replaced by Caribbean Met.
Service (CMS)
WHO or WHAT is the CMO?WHO or WHAT is the CMO?
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1967 – Caribbean Met. Institute (CMI) established 1973 – CARICOM established (August)1973 – CMO established (October)
replaces CMS & integrates CMC & CMI1982 – CMO establishes Caribbean Operational
Hydrological Institute (COHI)Mid-1980s – CMI and COHI merged1999 – Name change → Caribbean Institute
for Meteorology and Hydrology (CIMH)
1967 – Caribbean Met. Institute (CMI) established 1973 – CARICOM established (August)1973 – CMO established (October)
replaces CMS & integrates CMC & CMI1982 – CMO establishes Caribbean Operational
Hydrological Institute (COHI)Mid-1980s – CMI and COHI merged1999 – Name change → Caribbean Institute
for Meteorology and Hydrology (CIMH)
WHO or WHAT is the CMO?WHO or WHAT is the CMO?
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Reason for EstablishmentReason for Establishment
After Federation:Many National Met. Services established
Caribbean Met. Service less and less a practical entity
Gov’ts recognized need for expansion of regional cooperation in meteorology & allied sciences, such as agriculture
After Federation:Many National Met. Services established
Caribbean Met. Service less and less a practical entity
Gov’ts recognized need for expansion of regional cooperation in meteorology & allied sciences, such as agriculture
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Organizational Structure of Organizational Structure of the CMOthe CMO
The Caribbean Meteorological Council(CMC) - Supreme Organ (Ministerial level)The Headquarters Unit – based in Trinidad & TobagoThe Caribbean Institute for Meteorology and Hydrology (CIMH) – based in BarbadosCaribbean Meteorological Foundation(CMF)
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CMO MembershipCMO Membership
• 16 Member States:□ Anguilla, Antigua and Barbuda□ Barbados, Belize, British Virgin Islands□ Cayman Islands, Dominica, Grenada□ Guyana, Jamaica, Montserrat□ St. Kitts/Nevis, St. Lucia, St. Vincent □ Trinidad & Tobago, Turks & Caicos Islands
• CMO’s membership different to CARICOM’s
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Role & Mandate of the CMORole & Mandate of the CMO
Regional & International Cooperation in Meteorology, Hydrology, Agrometeorology etc(Int’l difficulty in dealing with so many small islands individually)Coordinate Joint Scientific Activities of National Met. ServicesEstablish/upgrade Technical Facilities and SystemsPromote a Regional Severe Weather Warning System
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Role & Mandate of the CMORole & Mandate of the CMO
Regional & International Cooperation in Meteorology, Hydrology, Agrometeorology etc
Advice to Governments in development of Met. Services & on int’l weather & climate issues
Represent regional met. interests in relation to World Met. Org (WMO) & Int’l Civil Aviation Org(ICAO), regional & int’l disaster-relatedagencies
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Role & Mandate of the CMORole & Mandate of the CMO
Through the CIMH…Provide Joint Training Facilities
Multi-level courses from technician to post –graduate in meteorology & related sciences
Research in applied meteorology, agro-meteorology, hydrology (weather, climate & water)
Disaster-related studies- flood forecasting, drought forecasting- storm surge forecasting & mapping- hydrogeological studies- climate variability & climate change impact studies
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Met & Met & HydrometHydromet Services in Services in CMO Member States (NMHS)CMO Member States (NMHS)
Two level of NMHS:Weather Forecast and Warning Offices:
Antigua & Barbuda, Barbados, Belize, Cayman, Grenada, Guyana, Jamaica, St. Lucia, Trinidad & Tobago24x7x365 operationsSurface Observations of Rainfall, Sunshine, Evaporation, Soil Temperature & Moisture, etcUpper Atmosphere Observations (selected NMHSs)Vast Regional & Int’l Exchange of Data & Products
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Met & Met & HydrometHydromet Services in Services in CMO Member States (NMHS)CMO Member States (NMHS)
Weather Forecast and Warning Offices:Preparation & Dissemination of Routine Weather Forecasts for the Public, Aviation, Marine usersWarnings of Severe Weather to Public, Decision-makers and NDOsSpecial Forecasts/Advice for Agriculture, Water-resources, Industrial Interests, etc (some NMHSs)
Seasonal or Inter-seasonal Climate Forecasts/Advice for Decision-makers & Special Interest Groups (depending on resources)
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Met & Met & HydrometHydromet Services in Services in CMO Member States (NMHS)CMO Member States (NMHS)
Aeronautical Meteorological Offices:Anguilla, British Virgin Islands, Dominica, Montserrat, St. Kitts/Nevis, St. Vincent & the Grenadines, Turks & CaicosHours based on Airport OperationsSurface Weather Observations mainly in support of the Public and Aviation IndustryClimate Data CollectionForecast & Warning Services provided by the larger NMHSs (by CMO agreements)
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NMHSsNMHSs with Agro Linkswith Agro Links
Barbados – Ministry of Agriculture
Guyana – Ministry of Agriculture
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Types of Types of AgrometAgromet Services Services by Some by Some NMHSsNMHSs
GUYANA HydroMet – Agromet SectionWeather Services to aid Food Production & Food SecurityFunctions with Climate Section to meet objectives
Operates two Agromet stationsAgromet Products to aid Farming, Land
Management, Selection of Climate-adaptable Plant Varieties & Animal BreedsMonthly Weather Bulletin for FarmersRegular Agromet Advisories by telephone
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Types of Types of AgrometAgromet Services Services by Some by Some NMHSsNMHSs
JAMAICA - Climate BranchMaintains Database of Rainfall and Climatological Stations
Archives & Analyses Data for Monitoring & Assessing the Island’s Climate
Applied Meteorology Section processes Client Needs, including Crop Water Requirements
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Types of Types of AgrometAgromet Services Services by Some by Some NMHSsNMHSs
BELIZE - Agromet Section Agromet Forecasts, including:
Precipitation Outlook for Caribbean & Central America, prepared by CIMH with contributions from NMHSs & UWI (Mona)
Ten Day Cumulative Report Data Request Agromet Station Location
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Types of Types of AgrometAgromet Services Services by Some by Some NMHSsNMHSs
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Types of Types of AgrometAgromet Services Services by Some by Some NMHSsNMHSs
Drought Alerts, when required:
Examples - Barbados, St. Lucia, Antigua, Grenada, Trinidad & Tobago
Barbados & Grenada– 2010 Drought Alerts issued by CIMH in consultation with NMHS
St. Lucia – 2009/10 Drought Watch – use of the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI)
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Types of Types of AgrometAgromet Services Services by Some by Some NMHSsNMHSs
Grenada
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Types of Types of AgrometAgromet Services Services by Some by Some NMHSsNMHSs
St. Lucia 2009 & 2010
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Heavy Heavy Rainfall & Flood Rainfall & Flood EventsEvents
Barbados Radar
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Heavy Heavy Rainfall & Flood Rainfall & Flood EventsEvents
Trinidad Radar
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Heavy Heavy Rainfall & Flood Rainfall & Flood EventsEvents
Trinidad Radar
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Heavy Heavy Rainfall & Flood Rainfall & Flood EventsEvents
Trinidad Radar
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Heavy Heavy Rainfall & Flood Rainfall & Flood EventsEvents
Trinidad Radar
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Heavy Heavy Rainfall & Flood Rainfall & Flood EventsEvents
Trinidad Radar
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Heavy Heavy Rainfall & Flood Rainfall & Flood EventsEvents
TrinidadRadar
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Types of Types of AgrometAgromet Services Services by Some by Some NMHSsNMHSs
Trinidad & Tobago
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NMHSsNMHSs and International and International AgroMetAgroMet ProgrammesProgrammes
WMO’s Agricultural Meteorology Programme (AGM) Supports Member States for: • Provision of Meteorological Services toAgricultural Community
• Improving Agricultural Production & Quality• increased Efficiency in Use of Water, Conservation of Natural Resources
• Decrease Pollution by Agricultural Chemicals toMinimize Environmental Degradation
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NMHSsNMHSs and International and International AgroMetAgroMet ProgrammesProgrammes
WMO’s Agricultural Meteorology Programme (AGM)
Fosters Transfer of Technology
Organizes Regional & International TrainingEvents
Provides Global Agromet information Service(WAMIS)
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NMHSsNMHSs and International and International AgroMetAgroMet ProgrammesProgrammes
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NMHSsNMHSs and International and International AgroMetAgroMet ProgrammesProgrammes
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NMHSsNMHSs and International and International AgroMetAgroMet ProgrammesProgrammes
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Examples of ExtraExamples of Extra--Regional Regional NMHSsNMHSs AgroMetAgroMet FocusFocus
ISRAEL• Irrigation is Critical to Agriculture• Evaporation - Important to Water Balance
Israel Meteorological Service (IMS) focuses onDaily Evaporation (several sites) for Plant Water Loss in a Variety of Crops
Observed Values from Class A Evaporation PansCalculated Potential Evapotranspiration
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Examples of ExtraExamples of Extra--Regional Regional NMHSsNMHSs AgroMetAgroMet FocusFocus
IRELAND - The Irish Meteorological Service• Daily Agricultural Forecasts with 3-day Outlook• Extended 4/5-day Forecast• Weekly 7-Day Farming Forecast & Farming Analysis
of Forecast
Focus on Agricultural Risk & WarningsSpread of Potato Blight from May to SeptemberForest Fire RiskFrost for Fruit Growers in SpringAdvice on the Risk of Animal Diseases
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Examples of ExtraExamples of Extra--Regional Regional NMHSsNMHSs AgroMetAgroMet FocusFocus
KENYA32 Agromet Stations operated by Kenya Met Dept., Agri Ministry, Universities & Agri Research Institutions
Wide Variety of Parameters
Focus on Prime Crops - Maize, Beans & Wheat
General Assessment of Crop Performance & Expected
Yield
Crop Damage by Pests, Diseases & Adverse Weather
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CONCLUSIONCONCLUSION
NMHSs in CMO Member States already provide varying levels of:Agricultural/Hydrological Services- Farmers Forecasts (some NMHSs)- Crop Dusting/Spraying Forecasts (some NMHSs)- Precipitation Forecasts- Drought & Flood Forecasts
Special Forecasts- Seasonal Predictions
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CAMI - To Help NMHSs in CMO States:
Improve Collaboration with Agro Services & Research Institutes in Product Development
Improve Provision of Forecasts/Information on Rainy Season & Drought Potential
Develop Products for Specific Crops & Agro Activities at National Level
CONCLUSIONCONCLUSION
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CAMI - To Help NMHSs in CMO States:
Develop Information for Pest & Disease Control
Improve the Provision of user-friendly Weather & Climate Information
Improve Understanding of Weather & ClimateInformation by Farming Community
CONCLUSIONCONCLUSION
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Tyrone SutherlandCoordinating Director
Caribbean Meteorological Organization
THANK YOU