cardiorespiratory assessments health and fitness unit
TRANSCRIPT
What is Cardiorespiratory Exercise?
Exercise that overloads the Oxygen-Transport System Increase in Cardiorespiratory endurance Increase in muscular strength Increase in muscular endurance in larger
muscle groups
Types of Cardiorespiratory Exercise
AerobicAny physical activity that last 3 minutes or
moreWith oxygen
AnaerobicShort Burst exercises < 3 minutesWithout Oxygen
VO2 Max
Maximal Oxygen Consumption (VO2 Max) Male VO2 Max >
Female VO2 Max
Male VO2 Max 3.5 – 6 l/min.
Female VO2 Max 2.5 – 4.5 l/min
Age Males Females
20-29 4.0 3.1
30-39 3.7 3.0
40-49 3.6 2.8
50-59 3.36 2.57
Over 60 3.0 2.29
VO2 Max
Highest VO2 Max are recorded in endurance sportsCyclingRunningSwimmingRowing – (6 to 8 Litres/min)X – Country skiing
Measuring VO2 Max
Employ at least 50% of the total muscle mass.
Activities include running, cycling, and rowing.
The most common laboratory method is the treadmill running test. A motorized treadmill with variable
speed and variable incline is employed.
6 – 12 Minutes in length
Women vs. Men
Why do women have lower VO2 Max?Stroke Volume: is the amount of blood pumped by the
right/left ventricle that you hear in one contraction. Smaller HeartMaximal heart rate is lower in women
regardless of ageCardiac Output or “Q”:
A lower number of beats per minute (bpm)Smaller amount of blood pumped by the heart w/
each beat
Cardiac Output or “Q”
The output of the heart per beat is about 140 ml (4 tbs)
@ HR of 72 bpm = 10 l/min In a trained athlete the total
cardiac output is about 20 l/min
Average “Q” of a 70 year old over a life time = 1 million liters or 250,000 gallons
Women vs. Men Cont.
Why do women have lower VO2 Max?Lower Hemoglobin levels in total blood
volumeHemoglobin concentration is also lower in
women. Smaller muscles = smaller capacity for
absorptionActual consumption of oxygen per unit of
muscle is equivalent b/w men and women
Human Heart
• One of Most important organ• Just a pump made of muscle that pumps
blood throughout the body• Delivers vital materials and removes waste
products• Failure of this pump will result in death• Examples:
• Brain requires oxygen and glucose \• Muscles: oxygen, glucose, and amino
acids as well as proper ratios of sodium, calcium, and potassium salts
• Glands: specific and sufficient supplies of raw materials
Heart Facts
• A little larger than the fist• It contracts and expands• "All -or-Nothing Law“• Cardiac Cycle:
• averages 72 bpm• Active .8 of a second• Rests .4 of a second
Blood Pathway 4 Chambers
Upper Chambers: Right and Left Atria
Lower Chambers: Right and Left Ventricles
Blood Pathway Superior and Inferior Vena
Cava Right Atrium
Larger & thin walls
Tricuspid Valve Allows for one way flow
Right Ventricle Pulmonary Valve Pulmonary Artery
Lungs Pulmonary Vein Left Atrium
Smaller & thick walls
Mitral Valve (bicuspid valve) Left Ventricle Aortic Valve Aorta Largest Artery Body
Harvard Step Test
The Harvard Step Test is conducted as follows: Step up on to a standard gym bench once
every two seconds for five minutes (150 steps)
Have someone to help you keep to the required pace
One minute after finishing the test take your pulse rate (bpm)- Pulse 1
Two minutes after finishing the test take your pulse rate (bpm) - Pulse 2
Three minutes after finishing the test take your pulse rate (bpm) - Pulse 3
Result = 30000 ÷ (pulse1 + pulse2 + pulse3)