cardiopulmonary resuscitation ppt-0.pdf · performing cpr. as a result, organizations such as the...
TRANSCRIPT
CARDIOPULMONARY
RESUSCITATION
CPR
Knowing is half the battle...
• In an emergency, you
need to act quickly-the
first few minutes after
a medical crisis are
usually the most
crucial.
• The key is knowing
what to do, remaining
calm, and making the
decision to act.
Did you know?
• Sudden cardiac arrest
is the leading cause of
death in the U.S.
• CDC estimates that
330,000 people die
each year from
coronary heart disease
before reaching a
hospital or while in the
ER.
4 Major Life Threatening
Emergencies
• Cardiac arrest
• Heart attack
• Stroke
• Choking (foreign-
body airway
obstruction)
Life Threatening Emergencies
• If the victim is unresponsive, you must
begin immediately the chain of survival.
• The chain of survival is a sequence of
actions that maximize the victims chance of
survival.
• It consists of three actions: check, call and
care.
Adult Chain of Survival
• Early Access
• Early CPR
• Early defibrillation
• Early advanced care
Child Chain of Survival
• Prevention of arrest
• Early and effective
bystander CPR
• Rapid activation of
EMS system
• Early and effective
advanced life support
Check, Call, Care • Check the scene, then
check the person
• No response, Call 911
and get an AED ( use
as soon as it arrives)
• CARE- Open airway
(head-tilt chin lift),
look, listen, feel
breathing for no more
than 10 seconds.
Check, Call Care • If no adequate
breathing, give 2
breaths.
• Check victim’s pulse
for no more than 10
seconds.
• No pulse, begin 5
cycles of chest
compressions and
ventilations (30:2
ratio).
Understanding the ABCD’s...
• CPR consists of 4 main parts
• Airway
• Breathing
• Circulation
• Defibrillation
Opening the Airway
• Place one hand on the
victim’s forehead and
push with your palm
to tilt the head back.
• Place the fingers of the
other hand under the
bony part of the lower
jaw near the chin.
• Lift the jaw to bring
the chin forward.
Mouth-to-Mouth Breathing
• Pinch the nose closed
with thumb and index
finger.
• Take a regular (not
deep) breath and seal
your lips around your
victim’s mouth,
creating and air tight
seal.
Mouth-to-Mouth Breathing
• Give 1 breath (blow
for about 1 second).
Watch for the chest to
rise as you give the
breath.
• If the chest does not
rise, repeat head tilt-
chin lift.
• Give a second breath
(1 second). Watch for
chest to rise.
Choking Victim
• If the breath still does not go in,
there may be an obstruction in
the airway.
• Open the mouth and look to see
if you can see the obstruction.
If you can remove it, do not do
a blind finger sweep!
• If you do not see the object
begin CPR with chest
compressions.
Compressions for Circulation
• One important part of
CPR is chest
compressions, which
keep blood flowing to
the heart, brain, and
other vital organs.
• Compressions should
be delivered at a
smooth rate of 100 per
minute.
Chest Compression Technique
• Position yourself at victim’s side.
• Make sure the victim is lying on his/her
back on a firm, flat surface.
• Move or remove all clothing covering the
victims chest.
• Put the heel of one hand on the center of the
victim’s bare chest between the nipples.
Chest Compression Technique
• Put the heel of the
other hand on top of
the first hand.
• Straighten your arms
and position your
shoulders directly over
your hands.
Chest Compression Technique
• Push hard and fast.
Press down 1 1/2 to 2
inches with each
compression.
• At the end of each
compression make
sure you allow the
chest to recoil or re-
expand completely.
Chest Compression Technique
• Complete chest wall recoil
maximizes refilling of the heart
after each compression.
• Complete cycles of 30
compressions and 2 breaths,
until AED arrives.
• Minimize interruptions to 10
seconds or less.
Minimizing Interruptions • When a rescuer is not performing chest
compressions, there is no blood flow to
the brain and heart.
• Causes for not proving chest
compressions: prolonged pulse checks,
taking too long to give breaths, moving
the victim and using and AED.
• Exceptions: defibrillation, moving a
victim from danger (such as fire).
Review Questions
• The correct rate for giving
compressions?
• The correct compression-
ventilation ratio for an adult is?
• Rescuers should try to minimize
interruptions to less than?
Defibrillation • Automated external
defibrillators (AED’s) are
sophisticated computerized
devices that are reliable and
simple to operate.
• The interval from collapse
to defibrillation is one of
the most important
determinants of survival
from cardiac arrest.
Defibrillation • The earlier defibrillation occurs,
the higher the survival rate.
• Use AED’s only when victims
have the following 3 findings:
• no response
• no breathing
• no pulse
• AED’s give rescuers visual and
voice prompts to guide rescuer
actions.
Common Steps to Operate All
AED’s • Once the AED arrives put it at victim’s side, next
to rescuer who will operate it.
• 1. Power on the AED
• 2. Attach electrode pads to victim’s bare chest.
• 3. “Clear” the victim and Analyze the rhythm.
• 4. If the AED advises shock, it will tell you to be
sure to clear the victim and press the shock
button.
AED Operation
• As soon as the AED gives a
shock, begin CPR starting
with chest compressions.
• After 2 minutes of CPR, the
AED will prompt you to
repeat steps 3 and 4.
• You will repeat process until
help arrives or you become
to exhausted to continue.
Complete Sequence
• Check the scene and the victim (Hey, hey, are
you OK?).
• Call 911, and get an AED.
• Open airway, check breathing (look, listen, feel),
no more than 10 seconds.
• If not breathing give 2 slow breaths that make the
chest rise.
• If no response, check pulse (carotid), no more
than 10 seconds.
Complete Sequence • Give cycles of 30 compressions and 2 breaths
until AED arrives, professional health care
providers take over, or the victim starts to move.
• AED/defibrillator arrives.
• Check rhythm: if shock advised give 1 shock then
resume CPR immediately for 5 cycles; no shock,
resume CPR immediately for 5 cycles, check
rhythm every 5 cycles; continue until health care
provider takes over or victim starts to move.
Adult vs Child CPR
Compare and Contrast
• How do we determine who is a “child”?
• What do adult and child CPR have in
common?
• What differences do you notice?
• Can you explain why those certain things
are different?
Should Schools Require Teens to
Take a CPR Course? • Heart attacks are the most common medical
emergencies in the United States. Many deaths
could be prevented, however, by people
performing CPR. As a result, organizations such
as the American Heart Association have certified
thousands of people in CPR. To increase the
number of trained rescuers, many people think
CPR certification should be a high school
graduation requirement. What do you think?