carbon fiber what’s in the windwindpower.sandia.gov/2004bladeworkshop/pdfs/tomlemire.pdf ·...
TRANSCRIPT
Carbon Fiber
What’s in the Wind ?February, 2004
Wind Turbine Blade Workshopin Albuquerque, NM
Presented byToho Carbon Fibers Inc.
Tom LemireH. Jin Onodera
Toho Tenax Co., Ltd., Toho Carbon Fibers, Inc.Tenax Fibers, GmbH
Table of Contents
What is Carbon FiberHow is it Made
Where the industry Came FromWho is Toho
Carbon Fiber Production CapacityWhat is the Demand Growth
How is Carbon Fiber Supplied
Why Carbon FibersC/F Performance RangeTypical Fiber Properties
Where is it Used TodayWind Energy – EuropeComposite Mechanical Properties
Toho Tenax Co., Ltd., Toho Carbon Fibers, Inc.Tenax Fibers, GmbH
What is Carbon FiberWhat is Carbon FiberHow is it Made
Precursor Oxidization Carbonization
Surface Treatment Sizing Winding
Toho Tenax Co., Ltd., Toho Carbon Fibers, Inc.Tenax Fibers, GmbH
Where We Came FromPAN based Carbon Fiber Manufacturers
Earlier Suppliers 2004 Suppliers
Toray (Soficar) Toray
Toho Rayon (Tenax) Toho TenaxBASF
Celanese Union Carbide BP Amoco Cytec Carbon Fibers
Hercules Hexcel
Courtaul Hysol Grafil MitsubishiAsahi
Great Lakes Fortafil Accordis
Stackpole Zoltek
RK Carbon SGLAldila Carbon Fiber Technologies
Formosa Plastics
Toho Tenax Co., Ltd., Toho Carbon Fibers, Inc.Tenax Fibers, GmbH
Who is Toho ?Who is Toho ?
Asia TOHO TENAX
• Production Sites
• R&D, Test Laboratory
• Sales Offices
North AmericaTOHO CARBON FIBERS
• Sales Offices
EuropeTENAX FIBERS
• Production Site
• Test Laboratory
• Sales Office
TOHO TENAX Group is Global Player
in the Carbon Fiber Market.
Toho Tenax Co., Ltd., Toho Carbon Fibers, Inc.Tenax Fibers, GmbH
18%
23%15%
6%
6%5%
TohoTorayMitsubishiHexcelCytecF.P.C.Heavy Tow
Carbon Fiber Production Capacity
• Total Capacity: 31,800 ton per Year
Toho Tenax Group has 5600ton per year, second largest capacity.
11% 7% 6% 3%
Toho Tenax Co., Ltd., Toho Carbon Fibers, Inc.Tenax Fibers, GmbH
Demand Growth of Carbon FiberDemand Growth of Carbon Fiber
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14000
16000
18000
20000
Ton
per Y
ear
'01 '02 '03 '04 '05
IndustrialRecreatioanalAerospace
Toho Tenax Co., Ltd., Toho Carbon Fibers, Inc.Tenax Fibers, GmbH
How is Carbon Fiber SuppliedConventional Tows
Standard Modulus 34 MSI3K, 6K, 12K, 24K
Intermediate Modulus 40 MSI6K, 12K, 24K
High Modulus 50 MSI6K, 12K, 24K
Large TowsStandard Modulus 34 MSI
45K, 48K, 80K
Fabric, Dry Tapes, Assembled Preforms,
Unidirectional Prepreg Tapes, Prepreg Tow,
Continuous Pultrusions, Filament Wound Parts, etc.
Toho Tenax Co., Ltd., Toho Carbon Fibers, Inc.Tenax Fibers, GmbH
Why Carbon Fiber ?
Able to Make Light Weight Parts
High Performance(Strength, Modulus)
10
Toho Tenax Co., Ltd., Toho Carbon Fibers, Inc.Tenax Fibers, GmbH
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90Tensile Modulus [MSI]
Tens
ile S
tren
gth
[KSI
]
CF / Performance Range
E-Glass
Twaron
Steel
G30-500
G40-800
G50-300
G55-700 G60-600
G80-600
G30-700
Carbon Fiber (BESFIGHT®) Glass Fiber Aramid Fiber (Twaron) Steel
Carbon Fiber (BESFIGHT®) Glass Fiber Aramid Fiber (Twaron) Steel
STS 24K
Fiber Test Method: Based on JIS R7601
Toho Tenax Co., Ltd., Toho Carbon Fibers, Inc.Tenax Fibers, GmbH
Fiber PropertiesBesfight STS 24K F301
1.6 g/mYield
1.75 g/ccDensity
34.6 MSITensile Modulus
570 KSITensile Strength
1.7%Elongation
Typical data
Toho Tenax Co., Ltd., Toho Carbon Fibers, Inc.Tenax Fibers, GmbH
Where is Carbon Fiber Used ?
Wind Turbines of 2 –5 MW Capacity
Composite Blade of Greater than 35 m length
Toho Tenax Co., Ltd., Toho Carbon Fibers, Inc.Tenax Fibers, GmbH
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
Ton
per Y
ear
Demand Forecast
Carbon Fiber Usage for Wind Blade
Toho Tenax Co., Ltd., Toho Carbon Fibers, Inc.Tenax Fibers, GmbH
Composite Mechanical Properties
Carbon Fiber: STS 24K F301 (STS 5631 1600tex f2400 t0)Resin Matrix: 120 ℃ cure Epoxy Resin System
0.71070915055Stitched0゜/90゜
1.0151401825055Woven
0゜/90゜1.0990915055 – 60Bonded
1.0990915055 – 60Stitched
1.0151501726055 – 60Woven
0.9
0.9
0.9
1.2
1.4
Elongation [%]
15
15
15
17
22
Modulus [MSI]Strength [KSI]
1301731055 – 60Bonded
1301731055 – 60Stitched
18
22
25
Modulus [MSI]Strength [KSI]
150
200
270
Max. Value Compression 0゜
290
340
380
Max. value Tensile 0゜
55
60
65-70
Max. Vf.
Stitched
None
None
FiberFixture
0゜
0゜
0゜
FiberDirection
RTM
Prepreg(Also Semipreg and RFI)
Pultrusion
ManufacturingProcess
Tested by Tenax Fibers
Toho Tenax Co., Ltd., Toho Carbon Fibers, Inc.Tenax Fibers, GmbH
Wind Energy - EuropeManufacturing Technologies
LM, DeWind, A&RDevold,BTI, Saertex
Vacuum resinInfusion moulding
LM - tip shaftsNEG – tip shafts
LM GlasfiberCompoTech/CZ
Filament winding
Abeking & R.ATV / Euros
Tow wet lay-up
NEG Micon Rotors(Aero Laminates)
Fibre Force/UKExcel/FINEpsilon/FR
Pultrusion
VestasVestasNordex, DeWind
HexcelSP SystemEPO
Semipreg
Power Station Manufacturer/Blade Manufacturer
SupplierProcess