carbon-based molecules part 2: lipids and proteins

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Carbon-based Molecules Part 2: Lipids and Proteins

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Page 1: Carbon-based Molecules Part 2: Lipids and Proteins

Carbon-based Molecules

Part 2: Lipids and Proteins

Page 2: Carbon-based Molecules Part 2: Lipids and Proteins

Starter

• We have talked about polymers at great length, I now what you to think about the polymers that you use on a daily basis.

• What are the polymers that you commonly use?

• You can discuss this with your neighbor.

Page 3: Carbon-based Molecules Part 2: Lipids and Proteins

A quick explanation of PH

• Some compounds form acids or bases.• An acid releases a hydrogen ion when it

dissolves in water.– high H+ concentration– pH less than 7

more acidic

stomach acid pH between 1 and 3

Page 4: Carbon-based Molecules Part 2: Lipids and Proteins

A quick explanation of PH

• A base removes hydrogen ions from a solution.– low H+ concentration

– pH greater than 7– Pure H2o is 7 (neutral)

– sea water is 7.4 to 8.4

bile pH between 8 and 9

more basic

Page 5: Carbon-based Molecules Part 2: Lipids and Proteins

Polarity of Molecules

• Polarity is a physical property of a molecule. – It contributes to physical properties such as boiling

and melting points (greater the polarity, higher the boiling and melting points).

Two polar molecules, ammonia on the left and water on the right

A polar molecule has one pole that is negative and one that is positive (in the water molecule, the red is negative – oxygen - while the purplish region is positive (hydrogen).

Page 6: Carbon-based Molecules Part 2: Lipids and Proteins

Lipids

• Lipids are nonpolar molecules that include fats, oils, and cholesterol.

– Nonpolar molecules do not have charged regions.

– Many contain carbon (C) chains, like carbohydrates, called fatty acids.

– The fatty acids are C atoms bonded to oxygen and hydrogen.

– Fats and oils contain fatty acids bonded to glycerol (which is hydrogen and oxygen bonded to the fatty acid – it is water soluble).

Page 7: Carbon-based Molecules Part 2: Lipids and Proteins

Fatty Acids

• A saturated fatty acid has no C-C bonds. Unsaturated does.

• Olive oil is unsaturated fat while butter is very high in saturated fat.

Page 8: Carbon-based Molecules Part 2: Lipids and Proteins

Lipid Functions

• Lipids have several different functions. They are:– broken down as a source of energy – make up cell membranes (phospholipids)– used to make hormones

Page 9: Carbon-based Molecules Part 2: Lipids and Proteins

Lipids make cell membrane

Page 10: Carbon-based Molecules Part 2: Lipids and Proteins

Cell Membrane - phospholipid

• Phospholipids make up all cell membranes.– Polar phosphate “head”– Nonpolar fatty acid “tails”

Page 11: Carbon-based Molecules Part 2: Lipids and Proteins

Proteins

• Proteins are polymers of amino acid monomers – the polymers are created in the cell as part of DNA translation process.

• Twenty different amino acids are used to build proteins in organisms.

Page 12: Carbon-based Molecules Part 2: Lipids and Proteins

Def. of Amino Acid• Amino acids are molecules that contain C, H,

O, N, and sometimes sulfur.– Our bodies are able to make 12 of the 20 amino acids, the

rest come from what you eat. – The amino acid monomers are linked together by peptide

bonds to form protein polymers.

Page 13: Carbon-based Molecules Part 2: Lipids and Proteins

Amino acids give proteins shape

• Proteins differ in the number and order of amino acids.

• Amino acids interact to give a protein its shape.

Page 14: Carbon-based Molecules Part 2: Lipids and Proteins

What is this?

Hint, it is a polymer made of monomers. I want you to tell me what

the monomers are and what

the polymer is

This is homework. It is

for your entrance ticket tomorrow.

It is worth five points and you will turn it in. Use your book

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