carbohydrates, lipids and proteins chemistry s.w.b.a.t.: determine what a carbohydrate, protein and...
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CARBOHYDRATES, LIPIDS AND PROTEINS
CHEMISTRY
S.W.B.A.T.: Determine what a carbohydrate, protein and
Lipid are and how they affect the body
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The link between inorganic and organic compounds are plants. Why?
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Organic Compounds:
• Compounds which are formed by the processes of living organisms
• They are macromolecules essential for life: carbohydrates, lipids (fats, oils & waxes), proteins and nucleic acids
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Carbhodyrates• Furnish the body with its main source of
energy glucose (blood sugar)A. In our diets we get three types:1. Refined or processed sugars (sucrose)
Examples: candy, soda, tastycakes2. Naturally occurring sugars Examples: fruits,
veggies, milk products3. Complex carbohydrates Example: Pasta,
bread, cereal
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• We want to decrease #1 and increase #2 and #3 Why?
a. Complex carbs, can help reduce weight
b. Satisfy the appetite longer-digested slower
c. Complex carbs. Are good sources of vitamins and minerals
d. Complex carbs. Are good source of energy
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Processed vs. Unprocessed• ProcessedCanned fruit &
veggiesPotato chipsWhite breadInstant riceCold cereal
• UnprocessedFresh fruit and
veggiesBaked potatoWhole wheat breadBrown riceHot cereal
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Chemistry of Carbohydrates
• Monosaccharides – simple sugars (building blocks of other carbs.)
C6H12O6a. Glucoseb. Fructosec. Galactose
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• Disaccharide – two monosacs joined together by dehydration synthesis
C12H22O11
Dehydration synthesis – the removal of watera. Maltose=glucose +glucoseb. Sucrose= glucose + fructose (table sugar)c. Lactose= glucose + galactose (milk sugar)
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• Polysaccharides – many monosacs joined together by dehydration synthesis
a. Starch – plantb. Glycogen – animal starchc. Cellulose – plant fiber in cell wallsWhen we consume complex carbs., we
break them down by adding water - Hydrolysis
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Lipids (stored energy)
• Found in fats, oils and waxes• Needed for: stored energy
Insulator Protects organs Stores some vitamins (fat soluble)
• Building Blocks – glycerol + 3 fatty acids
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A. Saturated fats – found in red meat, bacon
- Solid at room temperatureB. Unsaturated fats – found in
chicken, fish - Liquid at room temperature - Lower our cholesterol
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• Only need 1 tablespoon of polyunsaturated oil/day
1. Use more fish, turkey, chicken2. Limit hamburger, beef, pork – What could
you do before cooking? Cut the fat out.3. Try to cut out lunchmeats, hotdogs,
sausages4. Use skim milk5. Bake, broil, BBQ avoid frying6. Eggs – should only have 3 yolks/week
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Proteins
• Proteins are the body’s building materials
• Our cells are primarily made of protein (skin, organs, hair, muscle, nails, etc.)
• Essential for growth and repair• Found in: steak, chicken, fish, eggs,
beans and tofu• Building Blocks: amino acids
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Enzymes:
• Are proteins which act as a catalyst• Catalyst- start or speed up a chemical
reaction1. Enzymes are specific in their actions
Example: saliva acts on starch Idea: cheeseburger-bun dissolves in mouth2. Enzymes are not used up in the reaction
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http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AEsQxzeAry8