car manufacture how organizations use ict. objectives have an understanding of how organizations use...
TRANSCRIPT
Car Manufacture
How organizations use ICT
Objectives
• Have an understanding of how organizations use ICT.
• Be able to describe a number of uses, giving the hardware and software requirements.
• Be able to describe the applications that these uses can be put to.
• Robotic arms are used extensively in car manufacture
• Robotic arms generally have 7 sections with 6 joints
• Each joint is controlled by an actuator (a stepper motor)
Stepper Motors
• Normal DC motors spin either forwards or backwards when current is applied
• A stepper motor moves in very small steps instead
• It makes a precise number of stepped revolutions to move the robotic arm in very small increments to the correct position.
• Paint car bodies• Put on wheels• Drill holes in car
bodies• Fix rivets• Tighten bolts• Assemble electrical
circuits• Insert engines
• The computer controls the movement of the arm so that a variety of jobs can be carried out.
• The jobs carried out depend on the end effector attached to the arm.
Types of end effector
Gripper • To pick up parts & put
them somewhere else• Grippers usually have
pressure sensors built in to them
• These sensors tell the robot how hard it is gripping something so that the robot doesn’t drop or break it
Camera
– To inspect work– Quality control
purposes
Welding gun
• To weld parts of the car body together
• Welding can be hazardous to humans
Vacuum cups
• To pick up parts without obstructing the sides or bottom
• Small complex car parts
• Windscreens/ flat sheets of metal etc
Drills
– To make holes in the car body
Screwdrivers
• Also spanners and riveters
• To place and tighten screws, nuts, bolts and rivets
Spray guns
• To paint the car body
• Paint fumes are dangerous to humans
Sanders/polishers
• To produce a shiny finish after painting
End effectors
• A robot arm can have any of the previous end effectors
• If the end effector is changed, the programming must also be changed
Why use robots?
• Designed to perform the same task/ operation over and over again
• For a person, this would be repetitive & boring
• Greater accuracy than a human
• Lower running costs compared with paying a human
• Do not get tired
• Work is consistent standard
• Continuous process, no need for breaks or shift changes
• A programmer guides the arm through each step
– Either by remote control– Or by physically holding
the arm with sensors attached
• Computer stores exact sequence of movements in its memory