car 66 module 5.6 basic computer structure
DESCRIPTION
CAR 66 Module 5.6 Basic Computer StructureTRANSCRIPT
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5.6 BASIC COMPUTER STRUCTURE
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AIM
a. Computer terminology - CPU, ALU, IC and control unit
- Software and hardware - Bit and byte - Memory devices such as RAM, ROM, PROMb. Computer technology in aircraft systems
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AIRPLANE COMPUTER
• What computer can do :– To detect fault – To monitor aircraft performance– To help pilot do their work– Aircraft does not overstress through excessive
control– Aircraft can be operate efficiently
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DEFINITION
• Electronic device• Accept and process data by carrying out of set
of store instructions in sequence. • Using mathematical and logic operation is
know as PROGRAM.
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DIGITAL COMPUTER
INPUT CPU / PROCESSOR OUTPUT
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INPUT DEVICE
• Keyboard• Keypad• Pointing Devices• Touch pad• Mouse• Joysticks• Paddle• Microphone
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OUTPUT DEVICE
• CRT monitor (cathod ray tube)• LCD monitor (liquid crystal display)• LED monitor (light emiting diode)• Sound Output• Light• Aircraft Control Surface• Printer
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HARDWARE
• Physical parts of a computer.• Internal hardware device include motherboards, • Hard drives and graphic card, RAM, etc.• External hardware devices include monitors,
keyboards, mouse, printers, etc.• Internal hardware called components, external
hardware devices called peripherals.
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SOFTWARE
• Software cannot be touch• Provides the instructions to hardware or serve
as input to another software.• Can be programs, procedures, algorithms and
its documentation.• Binary number as a language.• Type of software : System software & Application software
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CPU/PROCESSORS
• Brain of computer• To process data• Microprocessor is a central processing
unit (CPU) that fits on one microchip.• Fabricated by silicon.• Small zap of high voltage current (static
electricity) can destroy the chip.
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COMPUTER
CONTROL
ARITHMETIC
MEMORYINPUT
CENTRAL PROCESSOR UNIT (CPU)
OUTPUT
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CONTROL UNIT
• Responsible for overall action of computer to perform correct sequence and at the right time.
• Determine by software.• Will control the timing and electronic
switching throughout the computer by clock (synchronous operation).
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ALU – ARITHMATIC LOGIC UNIT
• Perform mathematic and basic logical operations.
• Required power processor to perform variable task of division, multiplication, fixed and floating point arithmetic and employ parallel operation for high speed.
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Simple example of ALU
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REGISTER
• Temporary storage units within CPU.• Can store data or program information.• Store limit amount of temporary basis.
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BUSES• As a medium for transfer data from one part to
other part of computer.• Computer highway use large number of parallel
connected wires.• 3 type of buses which is data bus, address bus
and control bus. - Control bus : medium for communicating - Address bus : carry information - Data Bus : Carry actual data being process
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MEMORYINPUT/OUTPUT
UNIT
CONTROL BUS
DATA BUS
CENTRALPROCESSING
UNIT
ADDRESS BUS
I/P
O/P
Control bus : medium for communicating Address bus : carry information Data Bus : Carry actual data being process
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BIT AND BYTE
• A bit is a binary digit, the smallest increment of data on a computer
• Bits are usually assembled into a group of eight to form a byte.
• Used for measuring the amount of data that is transferred in a second between two telecommunication points
• 1 byte = 8 bits• 1 kilobyte (K / Kb) = 2^10 bytes = 1,024 bytes• 1 megabyte (M / MB) = 2^20 bytes = 1,048,576 bytes• 1 gigabyte (G / GB) = 2^30 bytes = 1,073,741,824 bytes
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MEMORY
• Physical devices used to store information which is instructions and data.
• Using binary digit.• Can store data temporary and permanently.
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VOLATILE MEMORY
• Lost data when power off.• Volatile memory requires power to maintain
the stored information.
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NON-VOLATILE MEMORY
• Permanent store• Non-volatile computer memory that can retain
the stored information even when not powered.
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PERMANENT STORAGE• ROM : Read Only Memory
- Use to store permanent data (FIRMWARE)- Cannot be reprogram or change the data - Eg : PROM( for BIOS), CD-ROM
• EPROM : Erasable Program Read Only Memory- Can erase by expose in strong UV light in 10min - Use by military
• EAROM : Electrical Altered Read Only Memory- Combine non-volatility of ROM with electrically alterable of RAM. Considered non volatile RAM.
• Flash Memories- Eg : Hard Disc, Thumb drive
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TEMPERORY STORAGE
• RAM : Random Access Memory– Primary Memory (fast but limited capacity)– takes the form of integrated circuits– Allow data to be read quickly – Used to run programs.– Eg : SRAM, DRAM, DDR RAM etc
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MEMORY APPLICATION
POWER ON
BIOS
HD
RAM
LOAD
LOAD OSCPU
Only critical part of OS maintain in RAM
When opening Operating System
When opening Application
RAMCPU HD
Application conserve in RAM,
Saved in HD
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MICROPROCESSOR
• central processing part of a computer contained within an IC.
• small, lightweight, and relatively cheap when compared to any CPU
• Use for simple application• Can incorporate all the elements of a total
computing system: I/O, ROM, RAM and CPU
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ELEMENTARY MICROCOMPUTER
MICROPROCESSOR(CPU) COMPUTER HIGHWAY
ROM
RAM
OUTPUT
INPUT
INPUT/OUTPUTPORTS
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AIRBORNE DIGITAL COMPUTER APPLICATION
REGISTERSSEQUENCING
&ADDRESSING
SENSORS:
VOR/DME - OMEGADOPPLER - COMPASS
ETC
MAGNETIC TAPECASSETTE/CARTRIDGE
PUSH BUTTONCONTROLLER
ALPHANUMERICDEDICATED
MAGNETIC CARD READER
TO CONTROL
FROM CONTROLTO
STORE
FROM CONTROL
AD
Signal convert from analog to digital
COMPUTER INPUT
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FMS - FLIGHT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
DISPLAYSCREEN
1 2 3
4 5 6
7 8 9
0
EXEC
MSG
CLEAR
A B C D E F G
H I J K L M N
O P Q R S T U
V W X Y Z /
PPOS NEXTPHASE PERF
FUEL AIRPORTS
DATA FIX
START
DIR
HDGSEL
ENGOUT
SPECF-PLN
ALPHANUMERICKEYPADFUNCTION
SELECTKEYS
LINESELECT
KEYS
DISPLAYBRIGHTNESS
CONTROL
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FMS - FLIGHT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
• Have 2 FMC (Flight Management Computer) in aircraft for redundancy
• Four main functions of FMS:– Automatic Flight Control– Performance Management– Navigation and Guidance– Status and Warning Displays
• Receive input from sub system computer– Flight Control Computer (FCC).– Thrust Management Computer (TMC).– Digital Air Data Computer (DADC)– Engine Indicating & Crew Alerting System (EICAS).