capitulo 2- the handbook rationality

8/8/2019 Capitulo 2- The Handbook Rationality

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YL]W OWED CLWT]D @B ]LWO@CLHOW_

W}lgtnnoc c` ltw`}o{lgl }dlho{lgl y`} Awd}# W`}}d~ Ktlc Daoho` G}# E`}lno`Bll~ yl}l t~` dunht~or` gd hl Nwdg}l Ocw}`gtnnoc l hl~ Nodcnol~ ^`nolhd~

NELYWD] = WED@]DWONLH ]LWO@CLHOW_

Ow~ ^`t}nd~( ^w}tnwt}d( lcg ^n`yd]@MD]W LTGO

Dh n`cndyw` gd }lno`clhoglg ~d lyhonl l atnel~ nhl~d~ gobd}dcwd~ gd n`~l~# ^t t~à~ layho` a~ nàyhdk` d~w dc }dbd}dcnol l hl~ yd}~`cl~ ao~al~# Yd}` dhn`cndyw` wlamoc ~d lyhonl l hl~ lnno`cd~( n}ddcnol~( gd~d`~ l atne`~ `w}`~dhdadcw`~ gd hl rogl etalcl# El( y`} dkdayh`( ~`nodglgd~ }lno`clhd~( yhlcd~}lno`clhd~( ro~o`cd~ }lno`clhd~( }dlnno`cd~ }lno`clhd~ da`no`cd~ }lno`clhd~# Tclwd`}l nàyhdwl gd hl }lno`clhoglg gdmd wàl} dc ntdcwl d~wl dc`}ad gord}~oglg#< Tcocb`}ad l d~nlhl w`wlh gd hl }lno`clhoglg gd lc tc dhdadcw` dc d~wl ho~wl d~ tcl f}lc

day}d~l c` ~d ytdgd ocwdcwl} l|t# D~ y`~omhd( ~oc daml}f`( elnd} tcl m}drdn`cw}omtnoc lh wdal gd hl }lno`clhoglg ~o go~wocftoa`~( nà` h` eo{` L}o~wwdhd~( dcw}dhl }lno`clhoglg wd}onl hl y}nwonl c`~ n`cndcw}l} y}ocnoylhadcwd dc tcl gd dhhl~# Dcw}aoc`~ fdcd}lhd~( hl go~wocnoc ~d ndcw}l dc dh n`cw}l~wd dcw}d hl }lno`clhoglg gd hln`fconoc( wlhd~ nà` hl~ n}ddcnol~( dc ro}wtg gd hl ntlh ~à`~ ~d}d~ wd`}o{lg`}d~mt~nlcg` tcl }dy}d~dcwlnoc }dlh gd ctd~w}` atcg` ( y`} `w}` hlg`( hl }lno`clhoglggd h`~ dhdadcw`~( wlhd~ nà` hl~ lnno`cd~( dc ro}wtg gd hl ntlh ~à`~ ~d}d~ y}nwon`~|td ocwdcwlc elnd}n`~l~( yl}wonthl}adcwd ~lwo~blnd} ctd~w}l~ cdnd~oglgd~ gd~d`~#D~wl~ g`~ goadc~o`cd~ gd hl }lno`clhoglg ~`c n`c~ogd}lgl~ layholadcwd nàòcwd}n`cdnwlgl~ gdmda`~ n`c~ogd}l} lhftcl~ gd hl~ }dhlno`cd~ dcw}d dhhl~( yd}`ctd~w}` b`n` y}ocnoylh d~wl} dc hl }lno`clhoglg wd}onl#

Hl n}ddcnol d~ ndcw}lh yl}l hl }lno`clhoglg wd}onl# Ctd~w}` ~o~wdal gd n}ddcnol~ c`~}dy}d~dcwl dh atcg` ! ocnhtdcg` dh atcg` ocwd}c` gd hl duyd}odcnol y}orlgl# Y`}`w}l yl}wd( ^`c d~l~ n}ddcnol~ |td( ntlcg` ~`c nod}wl~ kt~wobonlgl~ ly}`yolgladcwd(n`c~wowtdc n`c`noaodcw`# Dh n`c`noaodcw`( l ~t rd{( ~d wàl ~oc n`cw}`rd}~ol~ yl}l~d} tc `mkdwor` gd hl }l{c wd}onl# Ltc|td hl }dy}d~dcwlnoc gd hl }l{c wd}onlnà` mt~nlcg` tc `mkdwor` d~ adwlb}onl( dh h`f}` gd n`c`noaodcw` d~ layholadcwdro~tlho{lg` nà` tc nl~` gd uow` dc dh dkd}nono` gd hl }l{c wd}onl# ô( ~oc daml}f`(nà` h`~ d~nywon`~ elc l}ftadcwlg`( ctd~w}` n`c`noaodcw` d~ y`} hdk`~ a~ hoaowlg`|td hl~ lw}omtno`cd~ gd ~dcwog` nàc ocgonlc gd h( hl }l{c wd}onl }dy}d~dcwl tcl

nlylnoglg nt` dkd}nono` duow`~` d~w n`}}d~y`cgodcwdadcwd hoaowlg`#

Hl y}dftcwl gd ~o tc` t `w}` woy` gd d~ndywono~a` ~`m}d n`c`noaodcw` d~ ~`~wdcomhd d~f}lcgd gobnoh# Lb`}wtclgladcwd( ytdgd ~d} drowlgl dc tc m}drd w}lwlaodcw` gd hl}lno`clhoglg wd}onl# Lc ~o ocnht~` tcl n}ddcnol c` n`c~wowtl n`c`noaodcw`( ytdgd~d} }lno`clh# Y}`y`cf`( dcw`cnd~( n`cndcw}l}c`~ dc hl~ n`cgono`cd~ yl}l hl}lno`clhoglg gd hl n}ddcnol#= ô ~wl~ ~d dcwodcgdc modc( y`gda`~ duyhonl} hl

# D~wd dcnlmd{laodcw` d~ n`crdcodcwd dcntlcw` ~tfod}d |td el lhftcl tcoglg dcw}d hl~ y}oad}l~ w}d~ btdcwd~ gd edne` hly`~omohoglg gd `w}l~ btdcwd~ duyd}oadcwlhd~ gd n}ddcnol }lno`clh: d~ dcfl`~` dcntlcw` ~tfod}d |td hl duyd}odcnol c` gd~daydl cocfc }`h dc hl `yd}lnoc gd hl}l{c nà` btdcwd gd n}ddcnol }lno`clh % gd kt~wobonlnoc n`c`noaodcw`/# Ntlh|tod}`yd}lnoc gd hl }l{c |td `nt}}l dc hl n`cnodcnol y`} dkdayh`( `ntyl}~d dc }l{`cl}!~d ytdgd n`c~ogd}l} tcl nhl~d gd duyd}odcnol ocwdhdnwtlh# Hl }dbhduoc t `w}` dkd}nono`gd này}dc~oc }d|td}og` y`} hl }l{c yl}l ~d}ro} nà` btdcwd gd n}ddcnol }lno`clhd~ nod}wladcwd tcl nhl~d gd duyd}odcnol#

Y}oad}` duyh`}l}da`~ |td d~ yl}l |td tcl btdcwd ~dl m~onl lhftcl~ gd hl~n`cgono`cd~ mlk` hl~ ntlhd~ hl~ n}ddcnol y}`gtnogl~ ~dlc }lno`clhd~# Y`gda`~dcw`cnd~ n`c~ogd}l} |td woy` gd btdcwd ytdgd c` ~d} m~onl ~o hl~ ntlw}` btdcwd~m~onl~ d~wcgl}d~ ~`c hl~ conl~ btdcwd~ m~onl~ gd hl }lno`clhoglg wd}onl#

tcl nhl~d gd lnnoc# ô d~ l~( gdmd ~d} f`md}clgl y`} d~wcgl}d~ gd hl }l{c y}nwonl: ~o c`( dcw`cnd~ d~l}ftadcwlworladcwd }lno`cl ntlcg` hl yd}~`cl wodcd tcl adk`} }l{c yl}l wdcd} tcl ctdrl n}ddcnol |td l|tdhhl |td}ddayhl{l}# Hdro


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Dcwodcg` |td tcl btdcwdgd }lno`clhoglg %wd}onl/ %` kt~wobonlnoc/ d~ ly}ùoalgladcwdlhf` dc hl rogl gd hl yd}~`cl dc ntd~woc ! wlh nà` yd}ndynoc ` }dbhduoc! |tdnl}lnwd}~wonladcwd y}`gtnd n}ddcnol~ }lno`clhd~# Wlamoc dcwodcg` |td hhlal} l tclbtdcwd gd }lno`clhoglg wd}onl %` gd kt~wobonlnoc/ m~onl d~ elnd} tcl gdnhl}lnocnàyl}lworl# C` d~ gd~nl}wl} nlgl woy` gd gdydcgdcnol y`} ntlh|tod} n`~l( ~oc` gdno}

~oayhdadcwd |td hl btdcwd y}`gtnd n}ddcnol }lno`clh ~oc gdydcgdcnol y`~oworl gd hl`yd}lnoc gd lhftcl `w}l btdcwd gd }lno`clhoglg %` gd kt~wobonlnoc/# Nàdcnda`~ n`chl yd}ndynoc#

Yd}ndynoc

^`m}d hl ml~d gd yd}ndynoc( tc` ytdgd }lno`clhadcwd n}dd} dc dbdnw` n`c`nd} |tddh }dh`k gond god{: n`c`{n` d~w` dc ro}wtg gd rd} ~t nl}l dueomodcg` d~l e`}l# ^`m}d hlml~d gd d~wl m}drd }dbhduoc( ytdg` }lno`clhadcwd n}dd} % n`c`nd}/ |td ~o tcly}`y`~onoc ~ty`cd tcl ~dftcgl hl ~dftcgl ~ty`cd tcl wd}nd}l( dcw`cnd~ ~o hl

wd}nd}l d~ blh~l( wlamoc h` d~ hl y}oad}l# Yl}l d~wl} ~dft}`( d~wl n}ddcnol c` d~y`~omhd ~o c` wdcf` h`~ n`cndyw`~ }d|td}og`~ yl}l dcwdcgd} h` |td n}d`( yd}` d~wd}d|td}oaodcw` n`cndywtlh c` wodcd tcl gdydcgdcnol y`~oworl gd tcl btdcwd gd}lno`clhoglg#

Ytdgd yl}dnd} |td hl n}ddcnol yd}ndywtlh ytdgd ~d} }lno`clh ~`hladcwd ~o }dntd}g`na` hdd} tc }dh`k |td y`} h` wlcw` hl yd}ndynoc c` ytdgd y}`gtno} tcl n}ddcnol}lno`clh ocgdydcgodcwdadcwd gd hl ada`}ol( |td d~ wlamoc tcl btdcwd gd n}ddcnol~}lno`clhd~# D~ rd}glg |td hl n}ddcnol yd}ndyworl }lno`clh ytdgd gdydcgd} gd hlada`}ol gd nod}wl alcd}l# Yd}` n`c~ogd}d d~w`# Tc ~d} y`g}l lg|to}o} h`~ n`cndyw`~cdnd~l}o`~ yl}l hdd} tc }dh`k lh ao~a` woday` gd rd} tc`( y`} h` wlcw` c` cdnd~owl}l}dn`}gl}ntlh|tod} n`~l yl}l b`}al} hl n}ddcnol %lh ao~a` woday`/ gd |td dh }dh`k gondgod{# Tcl y`~omohoglg d~ hl n}dlnoc gd tc gtyhonlg` gd lhftodc nà` `; hl hdnwt}l gdtc }dh`k ~d}l y`~omhd dc ~t y}oad} aàdcw` gd n}dlnoc# Lyl}dnd( dcw`cnd~( |tdltc|td d~w hl n}ddcnol }lno`clh ml~lgl yd}ndyworladcwd gdydcgd `}gocl}oladcwd gdnod}wl b`}al gd hl ada`}ol( co dh n`cndyw`gd yd}ndynoc co dh gd n}ddcnol yd}ndyworl}lno`clh %` n`c`noaodcw` yd}ndywor`/ d~ eo~w}on`# Hl ada`}ol( ~oc daml}f`( d~eo~w}onl( lh adc`~ dc d~wd ~dcwog`; tc` c` ytdgd }dn`}gl} lhf` l adc`~ |td tc` hèll }dwdcog`dc hl ada`}ol gt}lcwd tc nod}w` yd}o`g` gd woday`#

Tc` ytdgd ydc~l} |td hl yd}ndynoc c` d~ tcl btdcwd m~onl gd }lno`clhoglg wd}onl

gdmog` l hl alcd}l |td gdydcgd gd hl n`cnodcnol# Hl ogdl ~d}l |td tc` c` ytdgdyd}nomo} ~oc ~d} n`c~nodcwd: y`} h` wlcw`( hl yd}ndynoc c` ytdgd y}`gtno} n}ddcnol}lno`clh %` n`c`noaodcw`/ lyl}wd gd hl `yd}lnoc gd `w}l btdcwd gd dhhl# N`cndgla`~|td hl yd}ndynoc }d|tod}d n`cnodcnol#7 ô d~ l~( d~` c` d~ y`}|td hl n`cnodcnol d~tcl n`cgonoc y}drol ` tc }d|to~ow` nlt~lh yl}l hl yd}ndynoc( yd}` y`}|td hlyd}ndynoc d~ tcl nhl~d gd n`cnodcnol; n`cnodcnol gd tc `mkdw` duwd}c`# Hlgdydcgdcnol ~d}l n`c~wowtworl al~ |td `yd}lno`clh# Ytdgd dcw`cnd~ ~d} |tdn`cndgla`~ ~oayhdadcwd |td hl yd}ndynoc d~ n`cnodcnol yd}ndywtlh w}lwl

7 ô hl ro~wl nodfl d~ tc nl~` gd yd}ndynoc( d~w` ytdgd ~d} c` ~d} l~ %ltc|td d~ go~ntwomhd |td dh ~tkdw`~oayhdadcwd c` n}dl |td el ~dc~lno`cd~ ro~tlhd~ ` ntlh|tod} `w}` dhdadcw` duyd}oadcwlh |td n`}}d~y`cgd l hlyd}ndynoc/#


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~`hladcwd n`cnodcnol ocwd}cl %~dcwog` gd h` |td d~ ocwd}c` gd hl adcwd/ nà` btdcwdgd n}ddcnol }lno`clh %` gd n`c`noaodcw`/ go~wocwl gd hl yd}ndynoc#

Hl n`cnodcnol ocwd}cl( dcwdcgog` d~w}onwladcwd( `nt}}d ~`h` g`cgd ~t~ `mkdw`~ ~`cwlcw` ocwd}c` dc hl b`}al gd oafdcd~ ~`c ydc~laodcw`~ %ly}ùoalg`~( bdcàdclh/

` lm~w}lnw`~( nà` dc dh nl~` gd n`cndyw`~ %y}`mlmhdadcwd/ gd cad}`~# Dc tclocwd}y}dwlnoc a~ layhol( hl n`cnodcnol ocwd}cl ytdgd wdcd} d~wlg`~ gd go~y`~onocadcwlhd~( wlhd~ nà` n}ddcnol~( gd~d`~ da`no`cd~( dcw}d ~t~ `mkdw`~# Yd}` ocnht~`ntlcg` d~w` `nt}}d( yl}dnd ~d} l w}lr~gd hl n`cnodcnol gd ~t~ alcobd~wlno`cd~ |td~à`~ n`c~nodcwd~ gd wlhd~ d~wlg`~( nà` ntlcg` ~à`~ n`c~nodcwd~ gd hl lc~odglgl w}lr~ gd d~wl} lgrd}wog`~ gd ydc~laodcw`~ gd~lf}lglmhd~ gd b}lnl~`#

H`~ boh~`b`~ dc hl w}lgonoc gd ~dcwo} h`~ glw`~ elc ~`~wdcog` |td hl yd}ndynoc`}gocl}ol gd `mkdw`~ b~on`~ d~ wlamoc dc nod}w` a`g` ocgo}dnwl( d~wlcg` n`cn`c`noaodcw` n`c ogdl~ gd dhh`~ |td ~d c`~ }dy}d~dcwlc# Yd}` tc ocb`}ad gd hl

}lno`clhoglg wd}onl c` cdnd~owl ~d} n`cbolgl l wlh }dy}d~dcwlno`clho~a`# Tc` ytdgdyhlt~omhdadcwd wdcd} wlcw` d~l yd}ndynoc |td }d|tod}d tcl duyd}odcnol ~dc~`}olhnà` |td h`~ `mkdw`~ duwd}c`~ ~dlc go}dnwladcwd yd}nomog`~ ! |td dc d~d ~dcwog`~à`~ go}dnwladcwd n`c~nodcwd~ gd dhh`~( nà` `ytd~w` ~ ~d} n`c~nodcwd~ gd tc nod}w``mkdw` ocwd}o`} |td ~d c`~ }dy}d~dcwl#4

Yl}l d~wl} ~dft}`( tc` ytdgd wlamoc w}lwl} hl n`cnodcnol nà` tc woy` gd yd}ndynoc;yd}ndynoc duwd}cl g`cgd dh `mkdw` yd}nomog` d~w btd}l gd hl adcwd( ocwd}cl g`cgdd~w lgdcw}`# Yd}` h`~ `mkdw`~ lm~w}lnw`~ c` d~wc dc hl adcwd( lh adc`~ dc hl b`}aldc |td d~wc h`~ ydc~laodcw`~ hl~ ~dc~lno`cd~# Dc w`g` nl~`( d~ y}dbd}omhd c`n`c~ogd}l} hl n`cnodcnol gd `mkdw`~ lm~w}lnw`~ nà` nà` tc woy` gd yd}ndynoc# Tcl}l{c yl}l d~w` d~ |td lyl}dcwdadcwd el tcl }dhlnoc nlt~lh dcw}d dh `mkdw` gdyd}ndynoc ntlh|tod} ~dc~lnoc t `w}` dhdadcw` adcwlh |td n`c~wowtd tcl }d~ytd~wlyd}ndyworl l h y`} h` adc`~ c` d~w nhl}` |td hl~ dcwoglgd~ lm~w}lnwl~ wodcdc y`gd}nlt~lh( ` gd w`g`~ a`g`~ d~wl nhl~d gd }d|to~ow`#2 D~wl wdal d~ gdal~olg` f}lcgdyl}l ~d} yd}~dftog` l|t( yd}` ytdgd ~d} ~tbonodcwd `m~d}rl} |td c` w`g`~ h`~bdcadc`~ adcwlhd~ yl}dndc ~d} wlcw` yd}ndywor`~ dc ntlh|tod} ~dcwog` nà` ~d}go}ofog`~ elnol `mkdw`~ lm~w}lnw`~# N`c~ogd}d( dc dh hlg` yl~or` gd hl rogl adcwlh( dh`no` gd ~`l} gd~yod}w`( `( dc dh hlg` lnwor`( dh yhlcdlaodcw`# Co d~ cdnd~l}o`y}d`ntyl}~d y`} h` lm~w}lnw`( co gdmda`~ ~ty`cd} |td el `mkdw`~ dc hl adcwd |tdwodcdc nl}lnwd}~wonl~ y`} gd}dne` y}`yo`#6 ~d}l oay}tgdcwd ~ty`cd} |td hl yd}ndynoc

lf`wl hl lnworoglg gd hl n`cnodcnol#

Yl}dnd( ~oc daml}f`( |td y`gda`~ wàl} dh n`cndyw` gd yd}ndynoc ~odcg` tclc`noc yl}nolhadcwd nlt~lh# ô t~wdg rd( `d( w`nl( gdft~wl ` etdhd lhf`( gd~yt~ hd

4Tcl y}dftcwl ocwd}d~lcwd |td ~d y}d~dcwl l|t d~ ~o hl n`cnodcnol yd}ndywtlh( |td wodcd tc `mkdw` duwd}c`( ytdgd ~d}(

dundyw` gd tcl alcd}l em}ogl( tc d~wlg` adcwlh# Yl}l d~d nl~` % gd edne` dh n`c`noaodcw` dc fdcd}lh/ ytdgd ~d}tc d~wlg` adcwlh( rd} Vohhola~`c =999# H` |t ~d gond ~`m}d }lno`clhoglg dc d~wd dc~l` d~ dc f}lc yl}wd cdtw}lh n`c}d~ydnw` l d~d wdal: yd}` wà` hl ro~oc gd |td lhf` ocwd}c` l hl adcwd d~ |t btcgladcwl |td hl }lno`clhoglg ~dln`c~o~wdcwd n`c hl ro~oc gd hl n`cnodcnol gd `mkdw`~ duwd}c`~ d~ go}dnwl( l ~dl |td tc d~wlg` ~dl yt}ladcwd adcwlh `c`#2Dh lyl}dcwd nl}nwd} c` nlt~lh gd hl~ dcwoglgd~ lm~w}lnwl~ d~ tcl gd hl~ }l{`cd~ y}ocnoylhd~ gd |td dh n`c`noaodcw`

gd dhhl~! gd edne` ~t rd}glgd}l duo~wdcnol!b}dntdcwdadcwd d~ n`c~ogd}lgl y}`mhdawonl# Yl}l tcl nhl~d gd gd~lb` lh}dnhla` gd hl ocd}nol nlt~lh( rd} Yhlcwocfl l(


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lbdnwl gd nod}wl alcd}l# _ ~o t~wdg ytdgd gdno} |td yd}nomd ~t y}`yo` hlwog` gdn`}l{c ` lc ~t y}`yol lc~odglg( d~w` d~ gdmog` l |td hd nlt~l l t~wdg lhftcloay}d~oc duyd}oadcwlh lch`fl l tcl d~woathlnoc |td t~wdg ytdgd elmd} wdcog` n`ch`~ nocn` ~dcwog`~# N`cndmogl gd d~wl alcd}l( hl yd}ndynoc c` d~ tc n`cndyw`nd}}lg`; dh gdkl d~ylno` yl}l nhl~d~ el~wl le`}l gd~n`c`nogl~ gd }d~ytd~wl

duyd}oadcwlh dcwdcgogl nà` dh hlg` adcwlh! dh hlg` gd hl }d~ytd~wl ~tmkdworl ! tc`ytdgd gdno} ! yd}nomo} tc `mkdw` gd edne` yl}l ctdr`~ ` woy`~ oct~tlhd~ gd `mkdw`~ l~d} yd}ndywomhd~#5 D~wd c` d~ dh htfl}( ~oc daml}f`( gd y}d~dcwl} tc ocb`}ad gd h`~ |tddulnwladcwd d~ hl yd}ndynoc# Ao ytcw` d~ |td ytdgd elmd} btdcwd~ yd}ndyworl~ gd}lno`clhoglg wd}onl go~wocwl~ l hl~ blaohol}d~# Dh n`cndyw` gd }lno`clhoglg wd}onl d~~dft}ladcwd c` a~ nd}}lg` |td h` d~ hl c`noc gd btdcwd yd}ndyworl gd n}ddcnol#

Ada`}ol

ô( lh elmhl} gd yd}ndynoc( d~wla`~ elmhlcg` gd tcl nlylnoglg gd yd}nomo}( lh elmhl}

gd hl ada`}ol d~wla`~ elmhlcg` gd hl nlylnoglg gd ln`}gl}~d# Yd}` dh ln`}gl}~d( dcdh ~dcwog` gd wdcd} tcl ada`}ol rd}gonl gd lhf`( c` lf`wl hl `yd}lnoc gd ctd~w}lnlylnoglg gd ada`}ol el~wl dh ytcw` gd hl yd}ndynoc( dc dh ~dcwog` |td wdcd} tclyd}ndynoc rd}gonl gd lhf`( lf`wl hl `yd}lnoc gd hl nlylnoglg yd}ndyworl# Duo~wdwlamoc }dn`}gl}( |td duofd yd}` c` d~ duofogl y`} ln`}gl}~d: dh }dn`}glcg`( |td d~~oaohl} l }dn`}gl} yd}` wodcgd l oayhonl} ln`}gl}~d gd tc dyo~`go` %l rdnd~ n`cd~btd}{`/( fdcd}lhadcwd gd tcl ~dntdcnol ` gd tc n`cktcw` gd gdwlhhd~ d ocr`htn}lcg`b}dntdcwdadcwd oafdcd~ n}ddcnolgd hl ada`}ol( |td ytdgd ~d} d|tor`nlgl c`duofo} co ln`}gl}~d co }dntd}g`# Yl}dnd( ~oc daml}f`( |td ln`}gl}~d |td y%g`cgd yd~tc lhftcl y}`y`~onoc ~dhdnno`clgl l}mow}l}oladcwd/ duofd n`c`nd}hl wlamocelmhla`~ gd n`c`nd} n`~l~ gd~gd hl ada`}ol# Ntlcg` n`c`nda`~ n ~l~ gd d~wlalcd}l %dcwd}ladcwd/( c` d~ ~`m}d hl ml~d gd `w}l~ n`~l~ |td n`c`nda`~# Tc`ytdgd n`c`nd} tc wd`}dal gd~gd hl ada`}ol dc ml~d gd tcl y}tdml ~oayhd gd tcluoàl# Yd}` ntlcg` tc` n`c`nd ydcwd}ladcwd gd~gd hl ada`}ol ~oayhdadcwd y`}ro}wtg gd ln`}gl}~d !tc` c` h` n`c`nd dc d~d aàdcw` dc ml~d gdh n`c`nd} ` gd n}dd}ntlh|tod} n`~l#

D~w`~ ytcw`~ elndc clwt}lh ydc~l} hl ada`}ol nà` btdcwd m~onl gd n`c`noaodcw`l~ nà` gd n}ddcnol~ }lno`clhd~ |td c` hhdflc l n`c`noaodcw` %gofla`~ y`}|td ~`cblh~l~ ` ml~lgl~ dc tcl oay}d~oc at gmoh gd hl ada`}ol/# Yd}` gtg` gd |td hlada`}ol ~dl tcl btdcwd m~onl gd n`c`noaodcw`# D~ tcl btdcwd d~dcnolh

dyo~waonladcwd: d~ gdno}( hl ydc~la`~ nà` ctd~w}` n`c`noaodcw`( dc tc ~dcwog`fh`mlh( ~d gd}}taml}l ~o hl ada`}ol c` h` ~`~wodcd; y`g}la`~ n`c`nd} ~`hladcwd h`|td `ntyl ctd~w}l n`cnodcnol dc d~d aàdcw` %lh` adc`~ d~ l~ ~oh` |t n`c`nda`~y`} y}dgo~y`~onoc dc dh aàdcw` l hl rd{ ~d gdmd n`cndmo} ~dfc h` ~`~wdcog` y`} hlada`}ol dc d~d aàdcw`( ltc|td ~o d~ nod}w` dcw`cnd~ ~o ocwdcw}la`~ w}ld}ntlh|tod}l gd hl~ y}`y`~ono`cd~ l hl n`cnodcnol( dcw`cnd~ c`}alhadcwd c`~`w}`~ hlwdcg}la`~ lhh/?# Dc ro}wtg gd gd~daydl} d~wd }`h( hl ada`}ol d~ tcl btdcwd

5 Rd} G}dw~jd


6/25

dyo~waonl dc tc oay`}wlcwd ~dcwog`# Yd}` ~dft}ladcwd tc` c` ytdgd n`c`nd}ntlh|tod} n`~l gd~gd hl ada`}ol ~oc r`hrd} l n`c`nd}h` l w}lr~ gd lhftcl `w}lbtdcwd#^o h` }dn`}gla`~ gd wlh a`g` h` |td n`c`nda`~( h` n`c`noa`~: gdmda`~ elmd}rtdhw` l n`c`nd}h` l w}lr~ gofla`~( y`} dkdayh`( hl yd}ndynoc ` dh }l{`claodcw`#


7/25

h`~ boh~`b`~ |td wàl}`c dh g`h`} gcg`hd dh gdmog` d~ndywono~a`( wlh nà` GlrogEtad( c` codflc |td wdcda`~ n`c`noaodcw` ! y}`mlmhdadcwd n`c`noaodcw` còcbd}dcnolh ! gd ctd~w}l y}`yol rogl adcwlh lnwtlh#


8/25

cdnd~owlc y}`wdnnoc ! ytdgd y`} ~tytd~w` ~d} n`c`nogl dcwd}ladcwd ~`m}d hl ml~d gdh}l{`cl} gd~gd hl~ y}dao~l~# Dh n`c`noaodcw` gd tc` gdydcgd dcw`cnd~ gdhn`c`noaodcw` |td tc` wdcfl gd dhh`~( gd |td d~d n`c`noaodcw` }d|tod}d~dft}ladcwd n`cbolc{l ~`m}d tcl btdcwd m~onl gobd}dcwd# Yd}` hl y}`y`~onoc dcntd~woc d~ dh n`cgono`clh |td n`cdnwl hl~ y}dao~l~ n`c hl n`cnht~oc dh

n`c`noaodcw` gd |tdc` ~d }d|tod}d n`c`noaodcw` gdh y}oad}` co gdh hwoa`/

]l{`claodcw`

]d~thwl dcw`cnd~( |td dh }l{`claodcw` c` d~ tc mtdc w}aoc` yl}l hl btdcwd m~onlgdh }l{`claodcw` hfon` |td d~wla`~ n`c~ogd}lcg`# Gd edne`( ~o go~wocftoa`~}l{`claodcw` gd }dbhduoc gd tc woy` |td y}`gtnd n`c`noaodcw` |td y lyl}wd gdgd~nlc~d ~`m}d y}dao~l~ ocgdydcgodcwd~( d~ adk`} c` twoho{l} }l{`claodcw` dc hlgd~n}oynoc gd d~wl btdcwd# H` |td yl}dnd btcgladcwlh ~`m}d hl btdcwd d~ |td ntlcg`dh n`c`noaodcw` gd( ` hl kt~wobonlnoc yl}l n}dd}( tcl y}`y`~onoc y}`rodcd gd d~w`( d~w`

gd}orl gd tc dkd}nono` gd hl }l{c n`c }d~ydnw` l hl y}`y`~onoc# D~w` c` ytdgd wl}gl}a~ woday` |td dh }d|td}og` yl}l dcwdcgd} tcl ~dcwdcnol |td duy}d~l hl y}`y`~onoc%hl |td c` ytdgd ~d} ro}wtlhadcwd cocftcl: c` cdnd~owla`~ ~ty`cd} |td w`gln`c~ogd}lnoc gd y}`y`~ono`cd~ d~wc adgolgl~ hocf~wonladcwd( nà` `ytd~wl dclhfc ~dcwog` n`c h` n`cndywtlh/# L|t d~ clwt}lh elmhl} gd ocwtonoc# Yd}` hly}`y`~onoc ytdgd c` ~d} bnohadcwd này}dc~omhd( nà` %yl}l lhftcl~ yd}~`cl~/ d~dh nl~` n`c hl y}`y`~onoc |td ~o yduofd | |duofd }( wlcw` c`!|` c`!}d~ dh nl~`(dcw`cnd~ d~ blh~` y# dc d~wd nl~` d~ a~ clwt}lh elmhl} gd }dbhduoc# Dc ntlh|tod}nl~` hl btdcwd yl}dnd `yd}l} y}`gtnodcg` tc f}lg` lgdntlg` gd này}dc~oc gd hly}`y`~onoc dc ntd~woc gd wlh a`g` n`c`noaodcw`# C` yl}dnd gdydcgd}%y`~oworladcwd/ gd cocftcl `w}l btdcwd d~wl yhlt~omhdadcwd d~ n`c~ogd}lgl m~onl#

Wlamoc yl}dnd nhl}` |td hl }l{c d~ tcl btdcwd m~onl gd n}ddcnol }lno`clh %nà` gdkt~wobonlnoc n`c`noaodcw`/# Wlhd~ ~oayhd~ rd}glgd~ hfonl~ nà` l|tdhhl~ n`c hlb`}al gd ô w`g` L~~`c oftlh M~ w`gl~ hl~ M~~`c N~( dcw`cnd~ w`gl~ hl~ L~ ~`coftlhd~ |td N~ ytdgdc ~d} laml~ n}dgl~ kt~wobonlgladcwd ~oayhdadcwd n`c`nogldc ml~d gd này}dcgd}hl~ %lgdntlgladcwd/# Lh adc`~ dc hl f}lc al`}l gd h`~nl~`~ dc h`~ ntlhd~ hl }l{c y}`gtnd n`c`noaodcw`( lyl}dcwdadcwd wlamoc y}`gtndkt~wobonlnoc# Ytdgd( ~oc daml}f`( y}`gtno} kt~wobonlnoc yl}l tcl n}ddcnol ~oc ml~l}d~l n}ddcnol gd tcl alcd}l |td h` elfl tc nl~` gd n`c`noaodcw`# D~w` ytdgd `nt}}o}ocnht~` ntlcg` hl n}ddcnol d~ nod}wl


9/25

yl}lg`kl gd ]t~~dhh#


10/25

}lno`clh %Ltc|td wlay`n` ~d cdnd~owl ~d} nhl}ladcwd o}}lno`clh! d~w` ydc~lcg` dcnl~`~ gd gdklgd{ ` gd blhwl gd lwdcnoc |td `nt}}dc ~oc tcl `bdc~l drogdcwd n`cw}l hl}l{c/# Hhlal} l tcl btdcwd m~onl d~ lbo}al} tcl adgogl gd ltw`c`al dyo~waonl:c` d~ gl} tcl layhol fl}lcwl dyo~waonl# \to{~ c` d~ `mro` |td nlgl homd}lnocn`fcoworl gd tcl btdcwd m~onl wodcd y}oal blnod }lno`clhoglg %` kt~wobonlnoc y}oal

blnod/: yd}` d~wl d~ tcl ro~oc yhlt~omhd( ~o %


11/25

lh ydc~laodcw` d~ dyo~waonladcwd btcgladcwlh dc hl alcd}l gd f}lc lhnlcnd |tdd~w oayhonlgl y`} hl nàmoclnoc gd ~d} m~onl conl#

Wd~woa`co`

Hl~ ntlw}` btdcwd~ m~onl~ d~wcgl} c` ocnhtdc dh wd~woa`co`# Yd}` ed ocgonlg` tcoay`}wlcwd }`h dyo~wda`hfon` gd h# D~ n`}}dnwladcwd wàlg` nà` tcl btdcwd gd tcf}lc cad}` gd ctd~w}l~ n}ddcnol~ }lno`clhd~# Dc hl rogl etalcl nà` hln`c`nda`~( dh wd~woa`co` %dc dh ~dcwog` layho` gd hl~ n`~l~ |td c`~ gondc hl~yd}~`cl~/ d~ d~dcnolh yl}l hl }lno`clhoglg gd tcl dc`}ad y}`y`}noc gd ctd~w}l~n}ddcnol~ lnd}nl gdh atcg`# C` d~( ~oc daml}f`( tcl btdcwd m~onl gd }lno`clhoglgwd}onl# Yl}l lhftcl~ n`~l~( ytdgd y}`gtno} n}ddcnol~ kt~wobonlgl~ %` n`c`noaodcw`/ dcdh }dnoyodcwd ~`hladcwd ~o d~ yd}nomog` y`} d~l yd}~`cl( gofla`~ `g` ` hdg`# Hl~btdcwd~ m~onl~( y`} dh n`cw}l}o`( btcno`clc ltwcàladcwd dc ~t~ gàoco`~}d~ydnwor`~# El atne` yl}l gdno} ~`m}d na` dh wd~woa`co` boft}l dc h`~ btcgladcw`~

gd hl }lno`clhoglg wd}onl# Gdno} |td c` d~ m~on` d~ yl}l gd~n}omo} na` btcno`cl:d~w` c` d~ dc lm~`htw` go~aocto} dh lhnlcnd ` hl oay`}wlcnol gd ~t }`h# D~ e`}l( ~ocdaml}f`( gd n`c~ogd}l} tcl woy` gobd}dcwd gd btdcwd#

OO# N@ED]DCNOL

Tcl lhwd}clworl l hl y`~onoc gd~l}}`hhlgl el~wl le`}l d~ |td tcl btdcwd oay`}wlcwd gd}lno`clhoglg wd}onl |to{~ hlbtdcwd m~onl gd dhhl ! yl}wonthl}adcwd mlk` hl b`}al gdkt~wobonlnoc gd n}ddcnol ! d~ hl nèd}dcnol dcw}d hl~ y}`yol~ n}ddcnol~# N`c~ogd}d aon}ddcnol gd |td dh d|toy` h`nlh el flclg` tc yl}wog` gd bwm`h( ml~lg` dc d~ntnel} llhftc`~ |td bd~wdklmlc ntlcg` dh ktdf` d~wlml y`} boclho{l}# C` d~w ao n}ddcnol gd|td elc flclg` kt~wobonlgl y`} ~t nèd}dcnoln`c hl n}ddcnol |td hl fdcwd ndhdm}l}tog`~ladcwd hl~ ronw`}ol~ gd btwm`h0( C` el `w}l duyhonlnoc gd h`~ }tog`~ gdndhdm}lnoc( gd |td ed c`wlg` lcwd~ wlh ylw}c dc nl~`~ gd ronw`}ol0 _ ~ty`cfl |tdyod}g` hl kt~wobonlnoc( gdmog` l drogdcnol |td hl gdmohowl( ntlcg` }dydcwocladcwd rd`}dydcwocladcwd tcl bod~wl gd m`gl# C` d~ gdmohowlgl hl kt~wobonlnoc gd ao n}ddcnol gd|td dh d|toy` h`nlh flc y}ocnoylhadcwd y`} ~t ocnèd}dcnol n`c ao lnwtlh n}ddcnol|td gd |td dh }tog` d~ gd tcl bod~wl gd m`gl0 Duyh`}da`~ dh }`h gd hl nèd}dcnol dc hlkt~wobonlnoc#

Nèd}dcnol( ocnèd}dcnol blhwl gd nèd}dcnol %C`cnèd}dcnd/

D~ gobnoh gdno} |t n`c~wowtd nèd}dcnol# Hl c`noc d~ drl~orl el ocb`}ad~ n`cf}lcgd~ rl}olno`cd~#


12/25

lhf` n`c tc nl}nwd} gdbocowor` cdflwor`; g`~ n}ddcnol~ |td ~`c hfonl ~dacwonladcwd o}}dhdrlcwd~ tcl n`c hl `w}l( wlh nà` ao n}ddcnol gd |td dh ~`h d~m}ohhlcwd gd |td d~w` ydc~lcg` lnd}nl gd hl~ btdcwd~ gd n`c`noaodcw`( c` ~`c coatwtladcwd nèd}dcwd~ co atwtladcwd ocnèd}dcwd~# ^`c ~oayhdadcwd ~ocnèd}dcnol %c`cnèd}dcnd/# Dh yl}lgofal gd ocnèd}dcnol d~ gd tcl ocn`c~o~wdcnol

hfonl drogdcwd: hl nèd}dcnol y`~oworl d~ layholadcwd wàlgl nà` atne` a~ |tdhl |td n`c~o~wdcnol atwtl( yd}` atne` adc`~ |td rocnthlnoc atwtl#

Nhl}ladcwd( |td hl ocnèd}dcnol ytdgd }dnel{l} hl kt~wobonlnoc c` oayhonl |td hlnèd}dcnol ytdgd n}dl}hl# ô hl n}dl %h` |td d~w hdk`~ gd ~d} `mro`/( d~wd ytcw` yl}dndnàyhonlg` gdmog` l |td ntlh|tod} nèd}dcnol yhlt~omhd ~d ocr`nl nà` btdcwd gdkt~wobonlnoc( tcl ` a~ gd hl~ ntlw}` btdcwd~ d~wcgl} btcno`clc lyl}dcwdadcwd gdtcl alcd}l |td y}`rdd tcl duyhonlnoc gd lntd}g` hl ntlh wlcw`hl nèd}dcnol nà`hl kt~wobonlnoc ~t}fdc gd h`~ ao~a`~ dhdadcw`~ }d~y`c~lmhd~ y`} c`~`w}`~ gd h` |tdy`gda`~ hhlal} modc btcgladcwlg` %vdhh!f}`tcgdgcd~~/ gd hl n}ddcnol dc ntd~woc#


13/25

gd ocf}d~`~ gdydcgl gd dhhl~# Hl ogdl gd gdydcgdcnol %y`~oworl/ d~ ndcw}lh dc hlnày}dc~oc gd tcl btdcwd#

Gdmd n`cndgd}~d |td el tc ~dcwog` cdflwor` dc dh nth dh w}lmlk` gd tc` gdydcgd gdhl lt~dcnol gd tcl gdy}d~oc: yd}` d~l nhl~d gd gdydcgdcnol! tc woy` gd

rthcd}lmohoglg ! d~ tcl n`cgonoc gdal~olg` cdflworl yl}l n`cwl} nà` btdcwd %atneàdc`~ tcl ml~d/ gd ocf}d~`~# Ocnht~` tcl mtdcl dn`càl c` hd gl l tc` tc ocf}d~`#Co duyhonl y`}|t tc` wodcd dh ocf}d~`# Gd alcd}l ~oaohl}( ytdgd ~d} |td gofla`~ |tdhl kt~wobonlnoc gd tc` gdydcgd cdflworladcwd gd hl lt~dcnol gd }dbtwlnoc gdydcgdy`~oworladcwd gd hl~ y}`yol~ btdcwd~# Yd}` hl gdydcgdcnol cdflworl gd hl ocnèd}dcnolc` oayhonl gdydcgdcnol y`~oworl gd ntlh|tod} n`~l dc yl}wonthl}( ocnhtdcg` hlnèd}dcnol( nà` btdcwd( c` a~ |td tcl gdydcgdcnol cdflworl gd h`~ ocf}d~`~ gd hllt~dcnol gd tcl gdy}d~oc oayhonl ntlh|tod} btdcwd yl}wonthl} gd d~d ocf}d~`#

Y`~omohowlg`}d~ Dyo~waon`~ rd}~t~ Ml~d~ Dyo~waonl~

Clgl ytdgd ~d}ro} nà` btdcwd yl}l ntlh|tod} n`~l ~oc hl duo~wdcnol ocgdbocogl gdatnel~ n`cgono`cd~ y`~omohowlg`}l~# Lhftcl~ gd ~wl~ ~`c n`cndywtlhd~# Tc` ytdgd(y`} dkdayh`( ~d} ocnlyl{ gd n}dd} tcl y}`y`~onoc ocnht~` ntlcg` hl drogdcnol gd dhhld~w lh b}dcwd gd tc`# ô tc co` c` wodcd cocfc n`cndyw` gd tc }dfo~w}lg`} gd rtdh`(rd} tc` |towlg` gd h`~ }d~w`~ gd tc ld}`yhlc` c` btcno`cl} nà` tcl btdcwd gdkt~wobonlnoc yl}l hl y}`y`~onoc gd |td btd }dntyd}lg`# @w}l~ n`cgono`cd~y`~omohowlg`}l~ ~`c y~on`hfonl~( }dbd}dcwd~ l ctd~w}l~ go~y`~ono`cd~ }dhdrlcwd~ yl}lb`}al} n}ddcnol~# ô ao~ }dndyw`}d~ ~dc~`}olhd~ d~wc btcno`clcg` ocn`}}dnwladcwd( `c` }d~y`cg` l ~t~ ocgonlno`cd~ b`}alcg` n}ddcnol~ gd hl alcd}l c`}alh( dcw`cnd~ytdg` b}lnl~l} dc d~wl} kt~wobonlg` dc nod}wl~ n}ddcnol~ yd}ndyworl~# Gd d~wl alcd}l(hl~ rl}olmhd~ n`cwduwtlhd~~`c n}tnolhd~ yl}l gdwd}aocl} ~o tcl n}ddcnol d~ }lno`clh dctc nl~` glg` %` kt~wobonlgl/: yd}` d~wd ytcw` d~ tc` dc |td wlcw` hl~ ro~o`cd~ modcbtcgladcwlgl~ %vdhhf}`tcgdgcd~~/ % dc d~d ~dcwog` btcglno`clho~wl%b`tcglwo`clho~a =


14/25

wyonladcwd `w}l~ n}ddcnol~ kt~wobonlgl~# Nod}wladcwd( g`cgd|tod}l |td ell tclkt~wobonlnoc yl}l n}dd} lhf`( lh adc`~ wodcgd l elmd} kt~wobonlnoc yl}l n}dd} tclnlcwoglg gd y}`y`~ono`cd~ }dhlno`clgl~ gd edne` yl}l n}dd} tc n`cktcw` nèd}dcwdgd dhhl~# D~w` ~d rd bnohadcwd }dbhduo`clcg` ~`m}d dh ytcw` |td tcl ~oayhdduyd}odcnol yd}ndyworl y}`y`}no`cl ocb`}alnoc ~tbonodcwd yl}l kt~wobonl} atnel~

n}ddcnol~; el lhh lcwd a tc nlaoc`( |td lhftodc elnd ~`cl} hl m`nocl dc h( |td d~wl~d}dclwl d~ a~ }tog`~l |td ao }lgo`( atne` a~#

Dh n`cndyw` gd btdcwd~ gd n}ddcnol }lno`clh % gdh n`c`noaodcw` gd hl kt~wobonlnoc/|td ed m`~|tdklg` y}`y`}no`cl tcl alcd}l gd duyhonl} y`}|t hl nèd}dcnollyl}dcwdadcwd lnàyll hl~ n}ddcnol~ }lno`clhd~ kt~wobonlgl~ ! }dlhd~ d eoy`wwonl~ l ~lmd} hl }lno`clhoglg hl kt~wobonlnoc d~wc dc hwoal oc~wlcnol ml~lgl~ dc hl~ao~al~ btdcwd~ m~onl~# Dc b`}al~ ~tbonodcwdadcwd }onl~( hl nèd}dcnol ytdgd( wdcf`|td gdno} |td yl}l w`g`~( nàcadcwd ~d} tcl ~dlhgd }lno`clhoglg gd kt~wobonlnoc;tcl ocgonlnoc gd ~t y}d~dcnol# ôc daml}f`( hl n`cndynoc gd nèd}dcnol gd hl

}lno`clhoglg gd hl kt~wobonlnoc( c` duyhonl modc y`}|t lyl}dcwdadcwd gdydcgdc gdhl~ btdcwd~ d~wcgl}# Gd edne`( nà` tcl }dhlnoc ocwd}cl dcw}d n}ddcnol~( hlnèd}dcnol ytdgd ~d} oalfoclgl bnohadcwd dc ~owtlno`cd~ l}wobonolhd~ g`cgd hlnèd}dcnol gd hl~ n}ddcnol~ c` d~w }d~w}ocfogl y`} ctd~w}l~ wdcgdcnol~ clwt}lhd~# Dcy}ocnoyo`( hl~ oht~o`cd~ y`g}lc y}`gtno} tcl }dg gd n}ddcnol wlc nèd}dcwd nà` hldrlhtlnoc gd drogdcnol gd atne`~ d~wtgo`~#==

Nèd}dcwo~a` =>n`cndywtlh

Tc woy` gd nèd}dcnol( ~dft}ladcwd( d~ w`wlhadcwd n`c~o~wdcwd n`c dh n`cndyw` gd hladk`} ml~d %vdhhf}`tcgdgcd~~/ gd hl }lno`clhoglg wd}onl |td rodcd wàlg` gd gd}orl}btdcwd~ m~onl~ gd hl~ b`}al~ |td ed ~tfd}og`# Yl}l rd} d~w`( `m~d}rd y}oad}` |tdtc` c` ytdgd n}dd} tcl y}`y`~onoc ~oc wdcd} h`~ n`cndyw`~ |td d~dcnolhadcwd boft}lcdc dhhl# H` |td tc` c` ytdgd dcwdcgd}( wlay`n` ytdgd n}dd}# Y`} `w}l yl}wd( h`~n`cndyw`~ rodcdc( w}lmlklc( dc blaohol~# C` btcno`clc lwào{lg`~# D~wd ytcw` d~ dhndcw}` gd tcl wd`}l gd hl nèd}dcnol gd hl btcnoc n`cndywtlh; gd hl lg|to~onoc gd

==ô ~d wàl nà` tcl }dhlnoc ocwd}cl dcw}d n}ddcnol~( ~t n`cwdcog` c` oay`}wl( co ~d lkt~wl n`c hl duyd}odcnol# D~wl

nhl~d gd n`~l~ el ~og` layholadcwd `m~d}rlgl: rd} A`~d} Mdcgd}


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n`cndyw`~ gd ~t `yd}lnoc( c`wlmhdadcwd dc go~nt}~`( go~nd}coaodcw` %ktgfdadcw/ docbd}dcnol# D~wl wd`}l! lm}drolcg ( nèd}dcwo~a` n`cndywtlh! d~ wlcw` yhlt~omhd nà`bnohadcwd nàmoclgl n`c hl ro~oc y}d~dcwlgl l|t# Y`} dkdayh`( c` ytdg` n}dd}( y`}h` wlcw` c` ytdg` n}dd} }lno`clhadcwd( |td tcl ~o}dcl d~w ~`clcg` l adc`~ |tdwdcfl n`cndyw`~ gd hl ~o}dcl gdh ~`cog`# C` ytdg` wdcd} ~w`~ l adc`~ |td wdcfl

atne`~ `w}`~ n`cndyw`~( wlhd~ nà` h`~ gd ~dlho{lnoc( `g` }d~ytd~wl~#N`cndgog`( cocfc n`cndyw` d~ydnbon` cdnd~owl ~d} w`wlhadcwd cdnd~l}o` rl}o`~n`cktcw`~ lhwd}clwor`~ h` ~d}c# Dc yl}wd( wdcd} tc n`cndyw` %gd lhf` yd}ndywomhd/ gdmd%y`} h` adc`~ yl}l hl~ yd}~`cl~ }da`wladcwd c`}alhd~/ d~wl} go~ytd~w` l b`}al}n}ddcnol~ mlk` d~wath`~ ~dc~`}olhd~ ly}`yolg`~( gofla`~ n}dd} dc tc d~ynoadc gdhl n`~l |td ~d y}d~dcwl ntlcg` tc` ytdgd rd}hl y}dftcwl} ~o el wlh n`~l nd}nl# L~(gdmd d~yd}l}~d gd ctdr` |td gd tcl ~`hl duyd}odcnol yd}ndyworl( atnel~y}`y`~ono`cd~ n`cdnwlgl~ d~wl}c kt~wobonlgl~ yl}l dh |td yd}nomd#Hl wd`}l gd hl nèd}dcnol gd btcnoc n`cndywtlh yd}wdcdnd a~ l hl ~dacwonl l hlboh`~`bl gd hl adcwd |td l hl dyo~wda`h`fl# Yd}` wodcd y}`btcgl~ oayhonlno`cd~

dyo~wda`hfonl~# \td h`~ n`cndyw`~ ~d lg|tod}dc dc }dhlno`cd~ atwtl~ ytdgd oayhonl}|td c` ~d y}d~dcwdc hl }lno`clhoglg hl kt~wobonlnoc gd b`}al lwào{lgl( dc tcln}ddcnol lo~hlgl nlgl rd{ %` gd~d` ` ocwdcnoc/# Gd d~l alcd}l acoal( ytdgdc d~wl}nl}flg`~ gd wd`}l ! ltc|td dh w}aoc` d~ dcfl`~` lh ~tfd}o} |td dh wdcd} tclblaohol gd n`cndyw`~ duofd wdcd} tcl wd`}l# Clgl gd d~w` oayhonl( ~oc daml}f`( |tdtcl rd{ |td tcl yd}~`cl lg|tod}d hl nlylnoglg n`cndywtlh cdnd~l}ol yl}l lhnlc{l} hlkt~wobonlnoc( hl kt~wobonlnoc c` ytdgd gd}orl} gd tcl btdcwd l hl rd{ %co cdnd~owla`~~ty`cd} |td hl b`}alnoc gd n`cndyw`~ ~d gd~l}}`hhl lcwd~ |td( ` ~oc wdcd} dc ntdcwl(hl b`}alnoc gd n}ddcnol }lno`clh/# D~wl wd`}l gd lg|to~onoc n`cndywtlh gdnàydwdcnol d~ wlamoc at n`c~o~wdcwd n`c hl ro~oc |td( hdk`~ gd hl gd}orlnoc gdnèd}dcnol( hl kt~wobonlnoc( dc ro}wtg gd hl alcd}l |td ~d ml~l dc ~t~ btdcwd~( w}ldnèd}dcnol n`c dhhl#

OOO# ]LNO@CLHOGLG WD]ONL _ HL D^W]TNWT]L GD HL N@FCONOC

Eda`~ ro~w` |t woy`~ gd btcgladcw`~ ml~lc hl }lno`clhoglg gd hl~ n}ddcnol~ ( ladctg`( wlamoc gd hl kt~wobonlnoc gdh n`c`noaodcw`# Yd}` tcl yd}~`cl c` lhnlc{l}lno`clhoglg wd}onl ~oayhdadcwd y`} wdcd} n}ddcnol~ ml~lgl~ ly}`yolgladcwd dc tcl` ocnht~` dc w`gl~ hl~ btdcwd~ m~onl~# L|tdhhl~ n}ddcnol~ ~`c( nà` roa`~( ~ococbd}dcnol~# ô ctcnl b`}a}la`~ n}ddcnol dc ml~d gd dhhl~( ~d}l nà` ~o yt~o}la`~~h` h`~ noaodcw`~ gd tc dgobono` ctcnl hdrlcw}la`~ co tcl ~`hl eo~w`}ol ~`m}d dhhl~#

Ocnht~` ~o tc` y`g}l ~oayhdadcwd ~`m}droro} dc hl wod}}l( el atne` |td c` ytdgd ~d}ro~w` ~oc l~ndcgd} l cordhd~ a~ lhw`~# Lhftcl~ n`~l~ c` y`gda`~ n`c`nd}hl~ òcnht~` n}dd}hl~ }lno`clhadcwd dundyw` y`} ocbd}dcnol %` l w}lr~ gd tc y}`nd~` gdn`c~w}tnnoc ~oaohl}/ gd h` |td n}dda`~ l w}lr~ gd hl~ btdcwd~ m~onl~# Hl yd}ndynoc~`hladcwd( y`} dkdayh`( c` y}`gtnd cocftcl wd`}l( hl ocwtonoc ~oc hl ltgl gd hlocbd}dcnol( ocnht~` ~o y}`y`}no`cl hl~ y}dao~l~ yl}l hl~ }lal~ gd hl~ alwdawonl~( c`y}`gtnd ltwàwonladcwd cocfc wd`}dal#

Ocbd}dcnol n`c`noaodcw` y}dro` ocbd}dcnolh

Y}ocnoylhadcwd gdmog` l |td hl ocbd}dcnol d~ wlc ydcdw}lcwd dc ctd~w}l~ rogl~ nà`~d}d~ }lno`clhd~ |td dh }l{`claodcw` d~ n`c~ogd}lg` wlc oay`}wlcwd yl}l ctd~w}l


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}lno`clhoglg# Hl ocbd}dcnol d~ tc nl~` ndcw}lh gdh }l{`claodcw` ( ~o dh hwoa` w}aoc`~d twoho{l d~w}onwladcwd ~d n`cw}l~wl n`c ydc~laodcw`( y`g}l gdno}~d |td d~ dhcon` nl~`# Ed ~tfd}og` l |td c` ~d }d|tod}d cocfc y}`nd~` gd }l{`claodcw` yl}ltcl n}ddcnol ml~lgl( gd tcl alcd}l ocbd}dcnolh( dc tcl ` atnel~ a~: yd}` gdedne` ~d}l dc dh adk`} gd h`~ nl~`~ lc`}alh yl}l ntlh|tod}l gd c`~`w}`~ c` }l{`cl}

ctcnl( ly}ùoalgladcwd n`cndmog` yl~lkd}`( mlk` hl ftl gd tc y}ocnoyo` ly}`yolg`(gd~gd n`c~ogd}l} tcl ` a~ y}`y`~ono`cd~ %y}dao~l~-/ elnol `w}l %hl n`cnht~oc-/#C` y`gda`~ gdno} y`} h` adc`~ tcl y}`y`~onoc n}dgl( gdmog` l |td el ocbd}dcnol~|td ~oayhdadcwd elnda`~ yl}l rd} |t ~oftd gd~gd lhf` ! l rdnd~ n`c dh `mkdw` gd}dbtwl}h` gd}orlcg` tcl n`cw}lgonnoc# L|t y`gda`~ elnd} tcl ocbd}dcnol ~ocb`}alnoc gd n}ddcnol; ocbd}oa`~ hl n`cw}lgonnoc ~h` yl}l }dnel{l}h` gd edne` gdwlh a`g` ocbd}o} % n}dd}/ hl cdflnoc gd hl y}`y`~onoc wd~wdlgl# _ c` y`gda`~ gdno}|td hl yd}~`cl gdmd n}dd}dh y}ocnoyo` ly}`yolg`( ytd~w` |td tc` ytdgd ~d} ftolg` y`}tc y}ocnoyo` |td lydcl~ d~w y`codcg` l y}tdml `( nà` d~ |td nàc n`c h`~ co`~lh ly}dcgd} l }l{`cl}( tc` ytdgd ~d} ftolg` y`} tc y}ocnoyo` |td tc` c` ytdgd

b`}athl} lcwd~ gd |td tc` h` ell ocwd}clho{lg` gd hl alcd}l }d|td}ogl yl}l n}dd}h`#

C` el tc haowd y}dno~` lh cad}` gd n}ddcnol~ |td ~d ytdgdc ml~l}ocbd}dcnolhadcwd ~`m}d n}ddcnol~ |td ~`c m~onl~ dc dh ~dcwog` gd ~oc ocbd}dcnol~( c` el haowd l hl h`cfowtg gd tcl nlgdcl gd ocbd}dcnol~# Tc` ytdgd ocbd}o}n`cnht~o`cd~ gd~gd n`cnht~o`cd~ y}`yol~( `w}l~ n`cnht~o`cd~ gd dhhl~ l~~tnd~orladcwd# Ctd~w}l }lno`clhoglg c` d~ go}dnwladcwd y}`y`}no`clh lh cad}` gdn}ddcnol~ |td wdcda`~( co ocnht~` l hl nlcwoglg yt}l gd ctd~w}l~ n}ddcnol~ }lno`clhd~` n`c`noaodcw`# Lhftcl~ n}ddcnol~ }lno`clhd~ n`c`noaodcw` ~`c w}orolhd~( gondc |tdel a~ gd tcl alcnel gd y`hr` dc d~wl elmowlnoc# Y`} `w}l yl}wd( tcl yd}~`cl|todc d~ wd}onladcwd }lno`clh gdmd wdcd} tc ~o~wdal gd n}ddcnol n`c nod}wl~nl}lnwd}~wonl~ d~w}tnwt}lhd~# Gkdcad gd~n}omo} d~|tdawonladcwd ~wl~#

Ed ocgonlg` l |td gdmd d~yd}l}~d tc nod}w` f}lg` gd nèd}dcnol dcw}d n}ddcnol~ dcyd}~`cl~ }lno`clhd~# Y`gda`~ lf}dfl} |td dc oftlhglg gd no}ntc~wlcnol~( tc n`cktcwà~ nèd}dcwd gd n}ddcnol~ wodcgdc l ~d} fh`mlhadcwd a~ }lno`clhd~ lctcnol}al`} }lno`clhoglg dc ~t y`~ddg`} |td tc n`cktcw` adc`~ nèd}dcwd# Yd}` el `w}`ytcw` gd al`} oay`}wlcnol# El tc ~dcwog` dc dh ntlh hl~ n}ddcnol~ }lno`clhd~ gdmdcn`cdnwl}~d n`c hl duyd}odcnol# ô ed duyd}oadcwlcg` ro~tlhadcwd hl oay}d~oc cdf}l~`m}d tc ylydh mhlcn`( gdm` %c`}alhadcwd/ n}dd} |td wlh oay}d~oc d~w lcwd~ a( lhadc`~ ~o n`c~ogd}` |td d~ l~: %c`}alhadcwd/ c` gdm` n}dd} |td d~w` rodcg` tcl

oay}d~oc }`kl# ô dh w}tdc` elnd rom}l} hl~ rdcwlcl~( c`}alhadcwd gdm` n}dd} |tdd~wc rom}lcg`( ` lhf` n`c d~d dbdnw`# Hl duyd}odcnol gdh atcg` ocwd}c` d~ ~dadklcwdl tcl ml~d n`c hl ntlh hl~ n}ddcnol~ }lno`clhd~ gdmdc c`}alhadcwd n`cdnwl}~d# ôd~w` }dnowlcg` ~ohdcno`~ladcwd lhftcl~ hcdl~ gd y`d~l( dcw`cnd~ %lh adc`~ ~on`c~ogd}` |td ocwd}d~l/ gdm` n}dd} c`}alhadcwd |td d~w` }dnowlcg` ~ohdcno`~ladcwdlhftcl~ hcdl~#

Lhftc`~ a`g`~ gd b`}alnoc gd n}ddcnol

Tcl b`}al a~ fdcd}lh gd duy`cd} d~wd ytcw` d~ gdno} |td hl b`}alnoc gd n}ddcnol

gd edne` hl }dwdcnoc gd n}ddcnol gdmd ~d} lgdntlgladcwd }dndyworl l hl duyd}odcnol#D~w` c` }d|tod}d |td dc dh nt}~` gd duyd}odcnol~ `}gocl}ol~ b`}ada`~ h`~ f}lcgd~


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cad}`~ gd n}ddcnol~ |td y`gda`~ b`}al}( gdno} y`} h` adc`~ tcl yl}l w`gl~ hl~rd}glgd~ lnd}nl gd tcl elmowlnoc |td dc lhfc ~dcwog` ~d c`~ }dy}d~dcwlyd}ndywtlhadcwd lh dcw}l} dc dhhl ! |td dh ~`b d~ l{th( |td el w}d~ lhbàm}l~go~yd}~l~( |td hl ~ohhl }dnwl d~ y`} h` adc`~ tc yod a~ lhwl |td dh ~`b( |td dhlhbàm}lg` d~ nàyhdw`#=7 Yd}` gdmda`~ d~wl} go~ytd~w`~l b`}al} n}ddcnol~ gd hl~

y}`y`~ono`cd~ |td ctd~w}l duyd}odcnol lnwtlh c`~ hl~ elnd drogdcwd~ c` b`}al}n}ddcnol~ gd n`cw}l}o`~ `mro`~ l l|tdhhl~ y}`y`~ono`cd~#

Hl nhl~d gd ~dc~omohoglg l hl duyd}odcnol |td d~w` gd~n}omodcg` ~d ytdgd rd} nà`tcl nhl~d gd nèd}dcnol: yd}` ~o d~ ro~tlho{lgl l~( c` gdmda`~ n`cnhto} |td ~toay`}wlcnol ly`l dh nèd}dcwo~a` dyo~wda`hfon`( ly}ùoalgladcwd n`cndmogl nà`hl ro~oc dc |td hl ml~dgd hl }lno`clhoglg n`fcoworl gd hl kt~wobonlnoc n`fcoworl d~ hlnèd}dcnol dcw}d n}ddcnol~# D~wl n}ddcnol }lno`clh gdmd dc fdcd}lh n`cdnwl}~d n`c hlduyd}odcnol( hdk`~ gd oayhonl} |td ~t nèd}dcnol atwtl y}`gtnd }lno`clhoglg( duy}d~ltcl }d~w}onnoc ~`m}d dh woy` gd n}ddcnol~ ntl nèd}dcnol atwtl d~ tcl }l{c yl}l

d~yd}l} |td ~dlc }lno`clhd~#=4

Yd}l ~o cocftcl gd ctd~w}l~ n}ddcnol~ ~d ml~l dc hlduyd}odcnol ! ocnhtdcg` dh woy` gd duyd}odcnol }dbhduorl |td y}`gtnd n}ddcnol~ gdy}`y`~ono`cd~ drogdcwd~ y`~ ~ ao~al~ ! dcw`cnd~ ntlh|tod} n`cktcw` nèd}dcwd ytdgd~d} n`c~ogd}lg` }lno`clh( ocnhtdcg` tc` |td d~ ocwd}cladcwd nèd}dcwd yd}òcn`c~o~wdcwd n`c h` |td d~ ly`lg` y`} hl duyd}odcnol gd hl yd}~`cl( nà` dc h`~nl~`~ wyon`~ dc h`~ ntlhd~ tcl dcbd}adglg adcwlh hhdrl l tc ~o~wdal dhlm`}lg` gdblh~l~ oht~o`cd~ %gdht~o`c~/#

Btcglno`clho~a`=2 %b`tcglwo`clho~a/

Dh }`h gd ml~d |td ktdfl hl duyd}odcnol dc hl gdwd}aoclnoc gd hl }lno`clhoglg wd}onld~ ndcw}lh yl}l hl~ wd`}l~ btcglno`clho~wl~ gd d~l c`noc# Tcl nhl~d a`gd}lgl gdwd`}l btcglno`clho~wl gd hl }lno`clhoglg |td yl}dnd lhwladcwd yhlt~omhd gond |td ~oel lhftcl n}ddcnol }lno`clh ntlh|tod}l( El lhftcl |td c` ~`c ocbd}dcnolhd~( |tdntlh|tod} `w}l n}ddcnol }lno`clh gd}orl ml~wlcwd gd ~t kt~wobonlnoc gdh ly`` |td}dnomd gd tcl ` a~ n}ddcnol~ btcglno`clhd~ gd a`g` |td ~o %hl~ `w}l~ n`~l~ ~dalcwodcdc oftlh/ yod}gdc ntlh|tod} ly`` |td wdcflc gd `w}l~ btdcwd~( ~dfto}lc~odcg` }lno`clhd~# Y`} dh n`cw}l}o`( tcl wd`}l nèd}dcwo~wl a`gd}lgl gd hl}lno`clhoglg cdfl}l |td hl }lno`clhoglg ~oc ocbd}dcnol~ d~ cdnd~l}ol gl}l l hlnèd}dcnol dcw}d n}ddcnol~ hl ao~al oay`}wlcnol |td dh btcglno`clhoa` gl l ~t ml~d

=7D~w` ~d gdbodcgd dc Ltgo


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19/25

duyhonl} t~lcg` h`~ alwd}olhd~ n}won`~ |td eda`~ d~wlg` n`c~ogd}lcg`#=5Alcwdcodcg` `w}l~ n`~l~ oftlhd~( ntlcw` adk`} ml~d yl}l y( al`} ~d} hl n`cbolc{l|td tc` ytdgd }lno`clhadcwd wdcd} elnol dh#

Nhl}ladcwd( hl duwdc~oc gd ctd~w}` ~o~wdal }lno`clh gd n}ddcnol ytdgd wlamoc

`nt}}o} nà` }d~thwlg` gd wd~woa`co`~# El lhftcl n`cw}`rd}~ol ~`m}d ~o hl~ n}ddcnol~}d~thwlcwd~ ~`c fdctocladcwd ~oc ocbd}dcnol~=?# C` rd` |td dhh`~ cdnd~owlc ~d}h`: yd}`dc w`g` nl~`( ytd~w` |td ~t btdcwd c` d~ %l ao n}owd}o`/ m~onl( ~`c adk`} n`cndmogl~nà` oc~wlcnol~ gd duwdc~oc a~ lhh gd hl~ n}ddcnol~ |td ~d y}d~dcwdc nà`}d~ytd~wl~ l hl duyd}odcnol dc dh }doc` gd hl~ btdcwd~ m~onl~# Tcl rl}odglgocadc~ladcwd layhol d ocgdbocogl gd n}ddcnol~ }lno`clhd~ ytdgd y}d~dcwl}~d gdhwd~woa`co`# C` ntlh|tod} wd~woa`co` d~ n}dmhd( y`} ~tytd~w`: yd}` |to{~ ytdgd ~d}|td gofla`~ |td c`}alhadcwd( y`gda`~ }lno`clhadcwd n}dd} |t yd}~`cl~lwd~woftlc l adc`~ |td wdcfla`~ }l{`cd~ yl}l gtgl}# D~ tc wdal n`cwocfdcwd ntlcb}dntdcwdadcwd ~d dcntdcw}l duyd}odcnol ~`nolh dc tcl yd}~`cl glgl

OR# DH LHNLCND GD HL ]LNO@CLHOGLG WD]ONL

Eda`~ ro~w` |t woy`~ gd ml~d~ wodcdc dhdadcw`~ wd}onladcwd }lno`clhd~( m~on`~ docbd}dcnolhd~( |t woy` gd d~w}tnwt}l wodcd tc ~o~wdal gd dhdadcw`~ }lno`clhd~ dc tclyd}~`cl }lno`clh# El~wl le`}l( ~oc daml}f`( dh lhnlcnd gd hl }lno`clhoglg wd}onl ~d elgdklg` lmod}w` dc f}lc yl}wd# El y}`y`~ono`cd~( nà` ~oayhd~ rd}glgd~ hfonl~( |tdntlh|tod} yd}~`cl }lno`clh gdmd n}dd}0 _ El haowd~ lh }lcf` gd y}`y`~ono`cd~ |tdytdglc ~d} `mkdw`~ gd n}ddcnol }lno`clh dc yd}~`cl~ nà` c`~`w}`~0 %^ty`cf` |td hlàco~nodcnol c` d~ y`~omhd yl}l adcwd~ bocowl~ nà` hl~ ctd~w}l~#/ Gkdad y`cd} d~w`dc `}gdc#

N}ddcnol rd}~t~ go~y`~ono`cd~ l n}dd}

_l ed `m~d}rlg` |td ~d} go}ofog` y`} tc y}ocnoyo` hfon` ytdgd lh yl}dnd} y}dndgd} hln}ddcnol gd dh# Y`} `w}l yl}wd( el y}`y`~ono`cd~ gd atnel~ nhl~d~ |td tcl yd}~`cl}lno`clh c`}alh n}dd}l lh n`c~ogd}l}hl~( gofla`~ %yl}l h`~ hdnw`}d~ gd d~wl yfocl/|td el a~ gd hdw}l~ d~n}owl~ l|t# Yd}` ltc|td ctd~w}` y`wdcnolh yl}l b`}al}n}ddcnol~ ~dl ocnlhnthlmhdadcwd layho`( d~wla`~ lhwladcwd hoaowlg`~ dc |ty}`y`~ono`cd~( yl}wonthl}adcwd rd}glgd~ hfonl~ y}`y`~ono`cd~ dhdadcwlhd~ ednel~`mrol~ y`} ctd~w}l duyd}odcnol( y`gda`~ c` n}dd}# C` `m~wlcwd( ocnht~` ~o d~wd

}d|to~ow` hhdrl n`c h tcl btd}wd go~y`~onoc yl}l n}dd} hl~ cdflno`cd~ gd d~l~y}`y`~ono`cd~( hl n}ddcnol }dlh gd d~wl~ hwoal~ c` d~ tcl n`cgonoc gd }lno`clhoglg#Dc hl ro~oc w`wlh |td ed d~wlg` dcblwo{lcg`( hl }lno`clhoglg wd}onl d~ ~`m}dw`g` tclnhl~d gd ~dc~omohoglg l h`~ btcgladcw`~ %hl nhl~d dc ro}wtg gd hl ntlh ~d kt~wobonlc hl~n`fcono`cd~/# Dc h`~ nl~`~ m~on`~( d~ ~dc~omohoglg l hl~ duyd}odcnol~( yl}wonthl}adcwdl hl~ ml~d~ duyd}odcnolhd~: dc h`~ `w}`~ nl~`~ d~ ~`m}dw`g` ~dc~omohoglg l hl~n}ddcnol~b`}algl~ ~`m}d lh ml~d gd hl duyd}odcnol %dh ~dftcg` nl~` d~ wyonladcwdtc` gd ~dc~omohoglg ocbd}dcnolh %gdgtnworl//# H`~ nl~`~ m~on`~ gd ~dc~omohoglg l hlduyd}odcnol lh yl}dnd} c` }d|tod}dc hl n}ddcnol gd cocftcl y}`y`~onoc yl}wonthl}#

=5Hl c`noc gd f}lg` gd n}ddcnol ~d w}lwl gdwlhhlgladcwd dc Hdro


20/25

Gd edne`( yl}dnd |td hl ~dc~omohoglg l hl duyd}odcnol ndcw}lh yl}l hl }lno`clhoglg c`duofd ocnht~` wdcd}n}ddcnol~( ~oc` hl~ go~y`~ono`cd~ l b`}al}hl~# Dh nd}dm}` ytdgd ~d}alcoythlg` gd tcl alcd}l wlh |td y`} tc m}drd yd}o`g` gd woday` |tdgd ~oc n}dd}(~`hladcwd n`c hl~ nlylnoglgd~ hl~ go~y`~ono`cd~ gd b`}al} n}ddcnol# C` d~w nhl}`|t n`c`noaodcw` wdcg}l dc wlh aàdcw`: yd}` tc a`gdh` yl}l dcwdcgd}h` ytdgd ~d}

tc dkd}nono` dc dh ntlh( |to{~ n`c hl ltgl gd hl }dbhduoc d~nywonl( ~d ~t~ydcgl dhgo~nd}coaodcw` %ktgfadcw/ ~`m}d tcl y}`y`~onoc yhlt~omhd |td ~d d~w n`c~ogd}lcg`#Ytdgd elmd} tc haowd lh ntlh d~wl nlylnoglg ~d ytdgd gd~l}}`hhl} dc tcl yd}~`cl}lno`clh( yd}` |to{~ n`c hl ltgl gd hl alcoythlnoc gd hl elmohoglg gdh nd}dm}` gd c`n}dd} ~d y`g}l ocgtno} dc }dhlnoc l w`gl~ hl~ y}`y`~ono`cd~ gd ctd~w}` ~o~wdal gdn}ddcnol~#

W`g` h` |td gofla`~ ~`m}d hl ntd~woc gd ~o tcl yd}~`cl wd}onladcwd }lno`clh gdmdwdcd} n}ddcnol~( gd edne` lhf` |td ~dl wd}onladcwd }lno`clh( d~ drogdcwd |td hly}dftcwl ndcw}lh l|t ~d }dbod}d l |t ~d }d|tod}d yl}l tcl ~dc~omohoglg ly}`yolgl l hl

duyd}odcnol %go}dnwl ` ocgo}dnwl/# ô d~ y`~omhd yl}l tcl yd}~`cl c` wdcd} cocftcln}ddcnol( ~oc` |td y`} dh n`cw}l}o` ~`h` nlylnoglgd~ go~y`~ono`cd~ n`crdcodcwd~ yl}lb`}al} n}ddcnol~( dcw`cnd~ tcl yd}~`cl }lno`clh c` cdnd~owl wdcd} n}ddcnol~#

Lhftcl~ hoaowlno`cd~ ~`m}d n}ddcnol }lno`clh

Ctd~w}l ~dftcgl y}dftcwl ~`m}d dh lhnlcnd gd hl }lno`clhoglg wd}onl d~ lc a~gobnoh# Ytdgd yl}dnd} |td gdnoa`~ |td dh lhnlcnd gd h`~ dhdadcw`~ y`~omhd~wd}onladcwd }lno`clhd~ d~w hoaowlg` ~`hladcwd y`} ctd~w}l n`cgonoc gd ~d}d~ bocow`~#Gd~yt~ gd w`g`( C` d~ y`~omhd |td tc Go`~ àcoy`wdcwd ytdgl ~oayhdadcwdg`wl}c`~ n`c tcl n}ddcnol }lno`clh gd ntlh|tod} y}`y`~onoc |td( glgl ctd~w}lnlylnoglg bocowl yl}l dcwdcgd}( d~ này}dc~omhd yl}l tc`0 D~w` c` d~ocn`cgono`clhadcwd l~ %y`} h` adc`~ dc hl ~tytd~w` yhlt~omhd |td dh y`gd} goroc``yd}l gdcw}` gdh gàoco` gd h` hfonladcwd y`~omhd/# C` n}dd}la`~ }lno`clhadcwd tcly}`y`~onoc ~oayhdadcwd y`}|td Go`~ c`~ oayhlcw hl n}ddcnol ` ocnht~` y`}|td d~tcl rd}glg l y}o`}o# Hl n}ddcnol }lno`clh % gd edne` hl n`fconoc }lno`clh gd ntlh|tod}woy`/ }d|tod}d h`~ btcgladcw`~ lgdntlg`~( c` ~h` hl nlt~lhoglg y`} tc ~d} yd}bdnw` `dh n`cwdcog` rd}glgd}` daocdcwdadcwd n}dmhd# ]d~thwl( ~tfod}`( |td h`~ haowd~ gdctd~w}l n}ddcnol }lno`clh ~d duwodcgdc ~`h` el~wl ctd~w}`~ btcgladcw`~ |td n`cbod}dc}lno`clhoglg#

Glg` d~wl gdydcgdcnol gd hl }lno`clhoglg gd h`~ btcgladcw`~( dh lhnlcnd gd hl}lno`clhoglg wd}onl yl}l tcl yd}~`cl ~d} at gobd}dcwd gdh lhnlcnd yl}l `w}l# Nlgltc` gd c`~`w}`~ wodcd gobd}dcwd~ duyd}odcnol~( hl fdcwd gobod}d layholadcwd dc h`~y`gd}d~ ocbd}dcnolhd~ %gdgtnwor`~/# Tcl yd}~`cl ocwdhdnwtlhadcwd c`}alh( ~ocdaml}f`( gdmd wdcd} tcl ~dc~omohoglg acoal l hl duyd}odcnol!ocnhtdcg` l hlduyd}odcnol ocwdhdnwtlh gd hl }dbhduoc ~`m}d wdal~ ~oayhd~ l y}o`}o ! tc acoa` y`gd}hfon` gd ocbd}dcnol# D~w` ~d el oht~w}lg` n`c }d~ydnw` l hl duyd}odcnol ~dc~`}olh l hln`c~ogd}lnoc gd wlhd~ ~oayhd~ rd}glgd~ l y}o`}o nà` |td ~o u d~ a~ hl}f` |td (dcw`cnd~ d~ a~ n`}w` |td U# Elm}l( dcw`cnd~( n`c~ogd}lmhd nòcnogdcnol~ dc hl~y}`y`~ono`cd~ |td hl~ yd}~`cl~ }lno`clhd~ `}gocl}ol~ n}ddc }lno`clhadcwd(

yl}wonthl}adcwd ~o nàyl}wdc dh ao~a` lamodcwd ~`c dgtnlg`~ gd alcd}l ~oaohl}#


21/25

Oayhnow` dc hl n`cndynoc gd hl }lno`clhoglg wd}onl |td d~w` gdhocdlcg` d~w hl ogdlgd |td gdmd}l elmd} atnel~ nòcnogdcnol~ dc hl~ n}ddcnol~ }lno`clhd~ gd hl~yd}~`cl~ |td duyd}oadcwlc h`~ ao~a`~ bdcadc`~ ` n`c~ogd}lc hl~ ao~al~y}`y`~ono`cd~ drogdcwd~ y`} ~ ao~al~ ` ocnht~` layholadcwd l y}o`}o#>9 D~w`~ty`codcg`( y`} ~tytd~w`( |td y`gda`~ duyd}oadcwl} h`~ ao~a`~ n`h`}d~ b`}al~(

~`cog`~ wduwt}l~( ft~w`~ `h`}d~( h`~ ao~a`~ woy`~ gd yhlnd}d~ g`h`}d~( |tdy`gda`~ n`c~ogd}l} oftlhd~ y}`y`~ono`cd~ l y}o`}o( wlhd~ nà` nod}w`~ hfon`~ alwdawon`~# ô d~w` d~ l~( dcw`cnd~ c` ~h` el nòcnogdcnol~ ~tm~wlcnolhd~ dc hln`fconoc wd}onladcwd }lno`clh gd yd}~`cl~ ~dc~`}olh d ocwdhdnwtlhadcwd c`}alhd~:y`gda`~ wlamoc ltadcwl} d~l~ nòcnogdcnol~ y`} dh woy` gd nàtconlnoc y`~oworln`c~wowtogl y`} dh wd~woa`co` go~aocto}h` y`} nod}wl~ nhl~d~ gd dhlm`}lnoc gd ctd~w}l~gobd}dcnol~#

N`cgono`cd~ boclhd~ %nh`~t}d/ yl}l hl }lno`clhoglg hl kt~wobonlnoc

El `w}l y}dftcwl |td ~d y}d~dcwl ntlcg` n`c~ogd}la`~ dh f}lg` dc dh ntlh h`~y}ocnoyo`~ gd }lno`clhoglg ~`c ly}`yolgladcwd a`gdhlg`~ ~`m}d h`~ gd hl hfonl# L h`~boh~`b`~( y`} h` adc`~( ytdgd ~d} |td hd~ yl}d{nl |td gdmd elmd} ntlcg` adc`~atne` yl}lhdh`; wlcw` nà` hl oayhonlnoc hfonl y}d~d}rl ~oday}d hl rd}glg( hlocbd}dcnol rhogl hfonladcwd y}d~d}rl ~oday}d hl }lno`clhoglg# ô y d~ rd}glg doayhonl |( dcw`cnd~ | d~ rd}glgd}l: ~o n}d` }lno`clhadcwd h` y}oad}` d ocbod}`rhogladcwd h` hwoa` gd h %( nà` d~ t~tlh( h` alcwdcf` ml~lg` dc dh y}oad}`/(dcw`cnd~ n}d` }lno`clhadcwd dh hwoa`# _l ed ~tfd}og` |td d~wd y}ocnoyo` gd nod}}d%nh`~t}d/ %l~ hhlalg` gdmog` l |td gond |td hl nhl~d gd n}ddcnol }lno`clh d~wnd}}lgl }dhlworl l dh woy` gd ocbd}dcnol d~ydnobonlgl/ yl}dnd ~`~wdcd}~d yl}l tcl f}lcnlcwoglg gd nl~`~# Yd}` c` d~ drogdcwd y`} ~ ao~al |td c` el dundyno`cd~ l h#>9 Hl drogdcnol y`} ~ ao~al ~d lclho{l ~d go~wocftd gd `w}`~ nl~`~ gd l y}o`}o dc Ltgo


22/25

Elmhlcg` dc w}aoc`~ a~ fdcd}lhd~( y`gda`~ gdno} |td yl}l ntlh|tod}l n`c hl flalgd dhdadcw`~ wd}onladcwd }lno`clhd~ |td d~ yhlt~omhd lw}omto} l hl al`}l gd hl~yd}~`cl~ |td wodcd tcl mtdcl dgtnlnoc gd hl d~ntdhl( hl }lno`clhoglg wd}onl wodcdocgdbocogladcwd tc lhnlcnd layho` n`c }d~ydnw` l hl~ y}`y`~ono`cd~ |td tc` ytdgd}lno`clhadcwd n}dd} ocbd}dcnolhadcwd duwdcgodcg` dh y}`yo` ~o~wdal gd n}ddcnol# Nlgl

btcgladcw` yl}l tcl n}ddcnol }lno`clh ytdgd gl} a~ gd tcl n}ddcnol ml~lgl ~`m}dh` }lno`clh: nlgl n}ddcnol }lno`clh d~ tcl ml~d yl}l ocbd}dcnol~ |td ytdgdc y}`gtno}ocgdbocogladcwd atnel~ a~ n}ddcnol~ }lno`clhd~#

Hl ltw`}oglg y}nwonl gd hl }lno`clhoglg wd}onl

Tcl y}dftcwl lgono`clh gdmd ~d} m}drdadcwd w}lwlgl l|t# Ntcw` lhnlcnd wodcd hl}lno`clhoglg wd}onl dc wdal~ y}nwon`~0 D~wl y}dftcwl wodcd l~ydnw`~ |td c`y`gda`~ dcb`nl}c`~ l|t( yd}` rl}o`~ ytcw`~ ~d ytdgdc elnd} m}drdadcwd }dg`cgdl}c dh w}lwlaodcw` gd hl }lno`clhoglg wd}onl# H`~ y}d~dcw`# Tcl ro~wl

duw}dal! l rdnd~ lw}omtogl l Etad ! d~ |td c` el }lno`clhoglg y}nwonl( y`} h` wlcw`cocfc boc yl}wonthl} gdmda`~ mt~nl} dc hl rogl: al~ modc( hl lnnoc d~ ftolgl y`}n}ddcnol~( ~t uow` gdydcgd ~`m}d ~o ~lwo~blnd h`~ gd~d`~ m~on`~ gdh lfdcwd# L~(~o t~wdg |tod}d ~lwo~blnd} ~t~ gd~d`~( t~wdg gdmd ocwdcwl} wdcd} n}ddcnol~ }lno`clhd~|td h` ftdc( ytd~w` |td ~wl~ d~ a~ y}`mlmhd |td ~dlc nod}wl~ |td hl~ o}}lno`clhd~#Tc` y`g}l }dnel{l} d~wl ro~oc duw}dal ~`~wdcd} dc ~t htfl} |td hl~ lnno`cd~ %gd~d`~/ ~`c w`wlhadcwd }lno`clhd~ ~`m}d hl~ ml~d~ gd n}ddcnol~ }lno`clhd~ }dlhd~ `y`wdcnolhd~# %Dh hwoa` nl~` ytdgd `nt}}o} ntlcg` tc` wodcd h`~ btcgladcw`~ yl}ln}dd} dc L( yd}` c` el b`}alg` hl n}ddcnol( |td d~ dc d~d aàdcw` tcl n}ddcnol}lno`clh y`wdcnolh/# Tcl y`~onoc a~ yhlt~omhd ~d}l |td tcl lnnoc d~ }lno`clh ~o ~h` ~o hl yd}~`cl wodcd btcgladcw`~ ~`m}d h`~ ntlhd~ ~dl wd}onladcwd }lno`clh n}dd}|td tc` ytdgd lnwtl} }lno`clhadcwd# D~w` c` }d|tod}d |td hl lnnoc wdcfl }dlhadcwdtcl ml~ddc hl }l{c wd}onl# Wlamoc lgaowd |td tc co` ytdgd lnwtl} }lno`clhadcwdlcwd~ gd wdcd} n`cndyw`~ lgdntlg`~ yl}l b`}al} n}ddcnol~ ~`m}d hl lnnoc }lno`clh( lgobd}dcnol gd n}ddcnol lnd}nl gd adgo`~ bocd~# Dh ytcw` d~ ~`hladcwd |td hl}lno`clhoglg y}nwonl d~ tc d~wlwt~ |td ytdgd ~d} lw}omtog` kt~wobonlgladcwd l hl~lnno`cd~ ~`m}d hl ml~d gd hl }l{c wd}onl#

Tcl ro~oc lm~`htwladcwd gobd}dcwd d~ |td el duyd}odcnol~( wlhd~ nà` nàd} tclnàogl gdhono`~l ntlcg` ~d wodcd elam}d( g`cgd d~ }lno`clh mt~nl} wdcd} ~t y}`yo`modcd~wl} el lnno`cd~ n`cdnwlgl~ n`c dhh`( wlhd~ nà` nàd} tcl nàogl gdhono`~l(

|td d~ }lno`clh }dlho{l} y`} ~t y}`yo` modc# L~`nolgl l d~wl ro~oc d~w hl y`~onoc |tdc` ~d}l }lno`clh n}dd} |td gdmda`~ wdcd} wlhd~ duyd}odcnol~ ~o c` d~wlmlc lgd~dlgl~ y`} ~t rlh`} y`} h` wlcw` n`c~wowtlc h`~ btcgladcw`~ ly}`yolg`~ yl}l hl}lno`clhoglg y}nwonl gdh gd~d` gd hl lnnoc go}ofog`~ elnol dhh`~# C` cdnd~owla`~dcblwo{l} w`gl~ d~wl~ ogdl~ l|t# Dc w`g` nl~` el g`~ ytcw`~ |td ~d ~`~wdcg}lc n`c}d~ydnw` lh lhnlcnd gd hl }lno`clhoglg wd}onl dc h` |td ~d }dbod}d l ~t ltw`}oglg ~`m}dhl }l{c y}nwonl# Y}oad}`( c` el gtgl~ |td hl lnnoc dh gd~d` gdmdc ~d} ftolgl~y`} hl }l{c wd}onl( ly}ùoalgladcwd dc dh ~dcwog` |td gdmda`~ ~d} ftolg`~ dc hlm~|tdgl gd ctd~w}`~ `mkdwor`~ y`} n}ddcnol~ }lno`clhd~ gd adgo`~!bocd~# Dc ~dftcg`htfl}( y`nl gtgl el |td ~o alcwdcda`~ nod}wl~ nhl~d~ gd n}ddcnol~ cdflworl~ ~`m}d

tcl lnnoc( wlh nà` |td dh }dlho{l}hl ~d} g`h`}`~` ` c`~ nlt~l} b}lnl~l} dc


23/25

n`c~dfto} n`~l~ oay`}wlcwd~ |td mt~nla`~ }dbhduorladcwd( dcw`cnd~ hl ~tytd~wl}lno`clhoglg y}nwonl gd hl lnnoc hl }dnel{l}l#

Dcw`cnd~( hl ltw`}oglg gd hl }l{c wd}onl ~`m}d hl }l{c y}nwonl( d~ n`c~ogd}lmhd# C`y`gda`~ lhnlc{l} cocfc gd~woc` ~oc tcl }twl( co y`gda`~ dhdfo} modc hl~ }twl~ l

adc`~ |td ~dla`~ ftolg`~ y`} n}ddcnol~ wd}onladcwd }lno`clhd~# Y`} `w}` hlg`(Y`gda`~ wdcd} tc alyl dundhdcwd ~oc wdcd} tc gd~woc`0 ~o cocftc` rlhod}l hlydcl ro~owl} ` wàl} dc ntdcwl( y`} |t gdmda`~ ~o|tod}l o}0 ô clgl rlhod}l hl ydcl|td}d} ` elnd} l nlt~l gd h` |td d~( y`} |t gdmda`~ elnd}h`0 Yl}dnd ocrd}`~aoh|td ~d}l }lno`clh |td}d} elnd}h` ~h` ~`m}d hl ml~d gd h` |td n}dda`~ ~`m}d h~oayhdadcwd d~ tc adgo` yl}l lhf` a~# ôc daml}f`( d~wd d~ tc wdal y}`btcg`(yl}wonthl}adcwd ~o n`c~ogd}la`~ h`~ nl~`~ gd lnno`cd~ }d|td}ogl~ y`} a`}lhoglg#Lb`}wtclgladcwd( hl lnnoc dh gd~d` ytdgdc }dnomo} ly`` wlcw` gd~gd hl~ n}ddcnol~}lno`clhd~ ~`m}d dhhl~ nà` gd hl~ duyd}odcnol~ gd ~t~ f}lwobonlcwd~ nl}lnwd}~wonl~ocw}c~dnl~ ` gd dhdadcw`~ ~tbonodcwdadcwd ~oaohl}d~# L|t wdcg}la`~ tc nl~` gd

lhnlcnd layho` y`} }l{`cd~ wd}onl~ ktcw` n`c hl n``yd}lnoc n`c dhdadcw`~( wlhd~nà` duyd}odcnol~ lf}lglmhd~( |td ly`lc hl }lno`clhoglg y}nwonl y`} gd}dne`y}`yo`#

Dc d~wd ytcw` d~ clwt}lh y}dftcwl}~d ~o tcl n}ddcnol ytdgd ~d} }lno`clh ~`m}d tclml~d y}nwonl( ntlcg` tc` ytdgd gdno} |td wodcd tcl }l{c y}nwonl yl}l hhdrl}hl lnlm`# Tc` ytdgd( y`} dkdayh`( wdcd} dundhdcwd~ }l{`cd~ yl}l ydc~l} |td n}ddcg`|td tc` ~`m}droro} l tcl dcbd}adglg ltgl} l elnd}h`# Dc lhftcl~ ro~o`cd~( d~w` d~tcl }l{c y}lfawonl yl}l n}dd} |td tc` ~`m}droro}( ~o h` n`c~ogd}la`~ l~ ytdgd~d} |td ydc~da`~ |td wlhd~ }l{`cd~ ytdgdc dc lhftc`~ nl~`~ w}lgtno} tcl n}ddcnol}lno`clh#>= ôc daml}f`( y`gda`~ go~wocfto}( dcw}d tcl }l{c gd n}dd} y tcl }l{c|td c`~ elnd n}dd} dc y# D~ nod}w` |td h`~ |td c`~ elnd n}dd} dc yytdgd y}`gtno}tcl }l{c yl}l n}dd} dc h ! nà` dh n}dd} |td tc` ~`m}droro} hl dcbd}adglg}dlhadcwd elnd d~w` y}`mlmhd ! yd}` tcl rd{ |td hl go~wocnoc m~onl dcw}d h`~ g`~woy`~ gd }l{`cd~ ~d `m~d}rl( yl}dnd gtg`~` |td hl~ }l{`cd~ y}nwonl~ gdh woy` dcntd~woc ! }l{`cd~ gd hl lnnoc ! ytdgdc t~l}~d nà` }l{`cd~ wd}onl~! }l{`cd~ yl}ln}dd}#>>

R# YD]^@CL^ WD]ONLADCWD ]LNO@CLHD^

Ytdgd yl}dnd} |td tcl rd{ |td dcwdcgda`~ hl }lno`clhoglg wd}onl yl}l hl~

n`fcono`cd~ ocgorogtlhd~( yl}lgofawonladcwd( n}ddcnol~( y`gda`~ dcwdcgd} hl c`nocgd tcl yd}~`cl }lno`clh %wd}onladcwd/ ~oayhdadcwd d~ydnobonlcg` |td tcly}`y`}noc n`crdcodcwd gd hl~ n}ddcnol~ gd hl yd}~`cl %` lh adc`~ go~y`~ono`cd~ lb`}al}hl~/ ~`c }lno`clhd~ ! gdydcgodcg` gd hl~ duyd}odcnol~ gd hl yd}~`cl ! |to{~wlamoc }d|tod}d n}ddcnol~ gd nod}wl~ nhl~d~#

F}lg`~ gd }lno`clhoglg

>= Yl}l tc woy` gd nl~` lnd}nl gd hl y`~omohoglg gd |td hl~ }l{`cd~ y}nwonl~ ytdglc ly`l} hl }lno`clhoglg gd hl

n}ddcnol( rd} B`hd #>>D~wd wdal ~d duyh`}l hl n`cnht~oc ~tfd}ogl ~d gdbodcgd( dc Ltgo


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Ocnht~` ~o el gd~lntd}g` ~`m}d hl y}`y`}noc acoal }d|td}ogl gd n}ddcnol~}lno`clhd~ yl}l hl }lno`clhoglg %wd}onl/( y`g}la`~ y`} h` adc`~ gdboco} hl c`noc gdtcl yd}~`cl a~ }lno`clh|td `w}l %` |td hl ao~al yd}~`cl dc tc aàdcw` gobd}dcwd/dc w}aoc`~ gdh cad}`gd n}ddcnol~ }lno`clhd~# Yd}` tcl m}drd }dbhduoc gdatd~w}l|td d~w` c` d~ l~# Yl}l tcl n`~l( lhftcl~ n}ddcnol~ ~`c a~ oay`}wlcwd~ yl}l hl

}lno`clhoglg gd tc` |td `w}l~# Tcl w`cwl n}ddcnol ~tyd}~wono`~l ytg` ~d} tcl ad}lalcnel dc tc duydgodcwd n`fcowor` gd `w}l alcd}l }l{`clmhd: tcl n}ddcnol |td d~~tmlndcwd l hl blhlnol gdh ktflg`} %dh |td wdcg}l( y`} dkdayh`( tc ~do~ dc tcl wo}lglgd tc glg` ~d n`crod}wd dc a~ y}`mlmhd ~t lt~dcnol yl}l tcl g`ndcl gd wo}lgl~~tnd~orl~/ ytdgd alcnel} f}lcgd~ ~dfadcw`~ f}lcgd~ gd hl al}nl# Y`} `w}l yl}wd(ocnht~` tcl f}lc nlcwoglg gd oay`}wlcwd~ n}ddcnol~ dc h`~ l~ydnw`~ }dhdrlcwd~ ytdgddueomo} y`nl ocwd}n`cduoc# Yodc~d dc dh dc`}ad n`c`noaodcw` alwdawon` lo~hlg` gdn}ddcnol~ yd}aowodcg` ~t~ lyhonlno`cd~ %~o d~wl gd~n`cduoc d~ ocnht~` y`~omhd/( ` gdtc n`cktcw` ~twoh gd n}ddcnol~ a`}lhd~ dc lt~dcnol gd n}ddcnol~ }dhlno`clgl~ lnd}nlgd hl y~on`h`fl etalcl# Hl~ yd}~`cl~ n`c d~w`~ woy`~ gd n}ddcnol~ gd~n`cdnwlgl~

ytdgdc b}lnl~l} dc ~d} wd}onladcwd }lno`clh gd tcl alcd}l w`wlh#

Ocwdf}lnoc }lno`clh

El tcl nhl~d gd ocwdf}lnoc n`fcoworl |td ~d }d|tod}d dc tcl yd}~`cl |td ~dl}lno`clh gd~gd dh ytcw` gd ro~wl gd hl }l{c wd}onl( wlamoc nà` tc }d|to~ow` g`mhd;gd tcl y}`y`}noc lgdntlgl gd n`fcono`cd~ }lno`clhd~ gd hl lt~dcnol gd nod}w`~woy`~ gd n}ddcnol~ ronolgl~ o}}lno`clhd~( wlhd~ nà` hl~ |td ro`hlc y}ocnoyo`~ hfon`~ `y}drodcdc tcl }d~ytd~wl ly}`yolgl l h`~ btcgladcw`~ duyd}odcnolhd~ gd hl n}ddcnol}lno`clh# C` el alcd}l gd ~d} ntlcwowlwor` l|t( yd}` y`gda`~ gdno} |td dc tcduw}da` d~ }lno`clhoglg wd}onl acoal dc dh `w}` hl nhl~d |td ~d}l dueomogl y`} tcGo`~ yd}bdnwladcwd aco~nodcwd#

Nl}nwd} }l{`clmhd

Tcl yd}~`cl wd}onladcwd }lno`clh c` cdnd~owl ntayho} tc dhdrlg` d~wcgl} gd}lno`clhoglg( dueomodcg` tcl adcwd n}wonl ` tcl mtdcl gdhomd}lnoc %ktgfadcw/# Dcw}dhl }lno`clhoglg acoal hl dundhdcnol ocwdhdnwtlh d~w hl }l{`clmohoglg dc wdal~wd}on`~( tc d~wlwt~ ~`m}d dh y}oad}` yd}` |td c` }d|tod}dc hl ~lwo~blnnoc gd dhdrlg`~d~wcgl}d~ d~dcnolhd~ yl}l d~wd hwoa`# Gd alcd}l ~oaohl}( tcl n}ddcnol ytdgd ~d}acoaladcwd }lno`clh( yd}` c` }l{`clmhd( nà` ntlcg` lhftodc d~ ocbhtdcnolg` y`}

l}ftadcw`~ |td( ltc|td c` ~oc yhlt~omohoglg( ~d ytdgdc n`c~ogd}l} nà` tcl}dbhduoc ntoglg`~l yl}l ~d} dcfl`~l~# Yl}l nlgl tc` gd d~w`~ nl~`~( hl }dbd}dcnol}dhdrlcwd gdydcgd btd}wdadcwd gd hl duyd}odcnol gd hl yd}~`cl# Ntlcwl a~ hoaowlglhl duyd}odcnol gd hl yd}~`cl( d~ adc`} hl~ b`}al~ gd n}ddcnol }lno`clh |td gdmda`~d~yd}l} |td wdcfl hl yd}~`cl( alcwdcodcg` oftlhd~ `w}l~ n`~l~# Yd}` dc tcl yd}~`cl}lno`clh gdmd w`glrl elmd} tcl nèd}dcnol w`wlh c` ~h` gdcw}` gdh ~o~wdal gdn}ddcnol~( ~oc` wlamoc dcw}d dhhl~ hl duyd}odcnol gd hl yd}~`cl# Ntlcg` d~wd ylw}c~d nàmocl n`c h`~ lnwor`~ ocwdhdnwtlhd~ wlhd~ nà` yd}ndyworoglg( mtdc ktono` tclnlylnoglg ~ofcobonlworl gd mtdc }l{`claodcw`( y`gda`~ elmhl} gd tcl yd}~`clwd}onladcwd }l{`clmhd#

]lno`clhoglg fh`mlh


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Hl }l{`clmohoglg dc dh gàoco` wd}on` c` duofd }lno`clhoglg fh`mlh( wlay`n` h`~ elnddh woy` |td oayhonl hl }lno`clhoglg y}nwonl# Ocnht~` ~o nod}wl~ n}ddcnol~ oayhonlca`worlnoc( c` el fl}lcwl |td tcl yd}~`cl }l{`clmhd dc dh gàoco` gd hl n}ddcnolwdcg} ~tbonodcwd a`worlnoc! da`no`cd~ lnwowtgd~ ly}`yolgl~! yl}l nlhobonl} nà`

yd}~`cl }lno`clh fh`mlh# C` y`gda`~ wdcd} uow` nà` ~d}d~ y}nwon`~ dc lt~dcnol gd}lno`clhoglg wd}onl( ~oc` |td yl}l dh uow` y}nwon` cdnd~owla`~ a~# Dc ntlcw` l hlao~al }dlho{lnoc gd hl }lno`clhoglg wd}onl( hl~ n}ddcnol~ rd}glgd}l~( c` oay`}wlntc ctad}`~l~( c` ~`c ~tbonodcwd~: hl~ n}ddcnol~ modc btcglgl~( c` oay`}wl ntc}onl~ ` y}`btcgl~ dc n`cwdcog`( c` oayhonl lyl}wl}~d gd hl ocwdf}lnoc( d ocnht~`ntlcg` d~wc ocwdf}lgl~ ytdgdc wlamoc b}lnl~l} dc y}`gtno} tcl yd}~`clfh`mlhadcwd }lno`clh# Dh y`gd} hfon`( dc lt~dcnol gd n}ddcnol~ n`crdcodcwdadcwdbtcgladcwlgl~ yl}l y}`y`}no`cl} }lno`clhoglg wodcd y}dao~l~( d~ nà` tc a`w`} ~ocnàmt~womhd#

Dcw`cnd~( yl}l dcwdcgd} dc tc ~dcwog` fh`mlh( hl }lno`clhoglg wd}onl }d|tod}d dh woy`gd mtdcl btcgladcwlnoc gd n}ddcnol~ |td d~ y`~omhd ~`hladcwd n`c tcl glglduyd}odcnol ~dc~`}olh }dbhduorl nà` ml~d: yd}` tcl ocwdf}lnoc dcw}d hl~ n}ddcnol~l~ ml~lgl~ hl nlylnoglg hfonl gd n`c~w}to} ocbd}dcnolhadcwd a~ lhh gd h` |td d~cdnd~l}o`# Ntlcg` hl }lno`clhoglg wd}onl d~w modc gd~l}}`hhlgl( hl yd}~`cl wlamocwdcg} tcl adgogl gd oalfoclnoc( gd hl nhl~d |td c`~ yd}aowd dcal}nl} eoywd~o~(dhlm`}l} ogdl~ d ocnht~` n`c~w}to} wd`}l~# Yd}` hl oalfoclnoc( ocnht~` ~o c`}alhadcwdlctcnol tc nod}w` f}lg` gd }lno`clhoglg wd}onl( ytdgd wlamoc y}`gtno} n}ddcnol~ èoywd~o~ o}}lno`clhd~# H` alh` nà` h` mtdc` ytdgd dad}fd} gd h`~ mtdc`~btcgladcw`~( yd}` c` el haowd l h` |t ~d ytdgd n`c~w}to} gd~gd h( co ntlh|tod}go}dnnoc bokl dc hl ntlh hl d~ydnthlnoc }lno`clh h`~ rtdh`~ oalfoclwor`~ ytdglc o}# Hl}lno`clhoglg wd}onl duofd lhfc f}lg` gd n`cduoc dcw}d ctd~w}l~ n}ddcnol~ hl~btdcwd~ m~onl~( }d|tod}d lhftcl ocwdf}lnoc dcw}d h`~ dhdadcw`~ |td ~d gd~l}}`hhlc(c` `m~wlcwd f}lcgd~ go~wlcnol~( gd~gd h( yd}` d~wl~ }d~w}onno`cd~ c` ~`c }fogl~# Hl}lno`clhoglg wd}onl d~ nàylwomhd n`c atnel~ woy`~ gobd}dcwd~ gd n`cwdcog`: ytdgdm}`wl} dc yd}~`cl~ n`c atnel~ nhl~d~ gobd}dcwd~ gd go~y`~ono`cd~ y~on`h`fonl~: ytdgd adk`}l} ocgdbocogladcwd dc dh woday`#

C@WL^ Tcl rd}~oc lcwd}o`} gd d~wd dc~l` btd y}d~dcwlgl dc hl~ tcord}~oglgd~ gdB}lcnbt}w ]àl( d~w` lf}lgdnog` yl}l hl~ go~nt~o`cd~ duwdc~l~ gd hl ltgodcnoldc laml~ `nl~o`cd~# Wlamoc |tod}` lf}lgdnd} l Lhb}dg Adhd y`} h`~ nàdcwl}o`~

y}`rdne`~`~ ~`m}d tc m`~|tdk` lcwd}o`}#

capitulo 2- the handbook rationality

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