capillaries microcirculation and …transport transport across capillary wall small, water-soluble...
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CAPILLARIES
MICROCIRCULATION AND
LYMPHATIC SYSTEM
Capillaries
*Are smallest vessels with thin
wall
*Microscopic capillary networks are highly
permeable to all water , cell nutrients and
cell excreta between the tissues tissues
and circulating blood
*Chemicals and gases diffuse across walls
Functions of Capillaries
*Permit diffusion of:
water
small solutes
Lipid-soluble materials
*Block:
blood cells
plasma proteins
Capillary Function
*it’s the Location of all exchange functions of
cardiovascular system
*Materials diffuse between blood and
interstitial fluid
Capillary Structure
- Endothelial tube, inside thin basal lamina
-- No tunica media
-- No tunica externa
*Diameter is similar to red blood cell
Fig. 10-16b, p. 292
Water-filled pore Interstitial fluid
Endothelial cell
Plasma proteins
generally cannot
cross the capillary
wall
Plasma
membrane
Cytoplasm
Exchangeable
proteins are
moved across
by vesicular
transport
Transport across capillary wall
Small, water-soluble
substances pass
through the pores
Lipid-soluble
substances
pass through the
endothelial cells
Plasma
O2, CO2
Na+, K+, glucose,
amino acids
Exchangeable
proteins
Plasma
proteins
Capillary structure
Capillary pores
(Intercellular cleft)
Plasmalemmal vesicles
Vesicular channels
Special types of (pores) in
certain organs 1.Brain ,blood brain barriers tight
junction
2.Liver very wide
3.GI capillaries, midway in size between
muscles and liver
4. Glomerular capillaries of the kidney,
Fenestrate ; small oval windows
penetrate through middle of
endothelial cells
Capillary Networks
Figure 21-5
Capillaries Networks
Capillary bed or capillary plexus
Connect 1 arteriole and 1 venule
Collaterals
*Multiple arteries that contribute to 1
capillary bed
*Allow circulation if 1 artery is blocked
Arterial anastomosis:
=> fusion of 2 collateral arteries
Fig. 10-14, p. 291
Blood flow rate
(liters/min)
5
Total cross-sectional
area (cm2)
6,000 4.5
Anatomical
distribution
Velocity of flow
(mm/sec)
500 0.5
Aorta
Arteries
Arterioles
Capillaries
Venules
Veins
Venae
cavae
Fig. 10-17, p. 293
Glucose O2 CO2 Plasma
Interstitial
fluid
Glucose + O2 CO2 + H2O + ATP
Tissue cell
= Carrier-mediated
transport
Fig. 10-19, p. 295
Capillary
pressure
(mm Hg) Transition
point
Fluid
movement
Inward pressure
( pP + PIF)
Outward pressure
(PC + pIF)
Beginning Capillary length End
= Ultrafiltration = Reabsorption
Fig. 10-23, p. 299
Heart
7%
Pulmonary
vessels
9%
Systemic arteries
13%
Systemic arterioles
2%
Systemic capillaries
5%
Systemic veins
64%
ARTERIAL END OF CAP
FORCES OUTWARD
CAP P 30+NEG IFFP 3 +IFCOP8=41
FORCES INWARD
PLASMA COLLOID OSMOTIC P=28
SUMMATION OF FORCES
OUTWAR 41-INWARD 28=13mmhg
VENOU END OF CAP
FORCES OUTWARD
CAP P 10+NEG IFFP 3 +IFCOP8=21
FORCES INWARD
PLASMA COLLOID OSMOTIC P=28
SUMMATION OF FORCES
INWAR 28-OUTWARD 21=7mmhg
STARLING EQUILIBRIUM FOR
CAPILLARY PRESSURE
OUTWAD FORCES
MEAN CAP P=17.3
NEG IFFP=3
IFCOP=8
TOTAL=28.3mmhg
INWARD FORCES
PLASMA COLL OSM PRES=28mmhg
0.3=28INWARD-28.3RESULT(OUTWARD
LYMPHATIC CIRCULATION
1-LYMPHATIC STRUCTURE
2-FACTORS DETERMINE LYMPHATIC
FLOW
A.LYMPHATIC PUMP
B.INTERSTIAL FLUID PRESSURE
LYMPHATIC FUNCTION
CONTROLL INTERSTIALFLUID
1. PROTEIN CONCENTRATION
2.VOLUME
3.PRESSURE
Lymph flow
1.Interstial fluid pressure
A. Elevate capillary pressure
B. Increase interstitial fluid
colloid osmotic pressure
C. Decrease plasma colloid
osmotic pressure
D. Increase permeability of
capillaries
2. Lymph pump and valves
3.External compression
A. Surrounding skeletal muscles
B. Movements of parts of the
body
C. Pulsation of arteries
D. Compression of the tissues
by objects outside the body
4. Lymphatic capillary pump