CAPE INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY Unit 2

CAPE INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY Unit 2INFORMATION MANAGEMENTUnit 2 SO 4Explain the advantages of using a database approach compared to using traditional file processing;Advantages including speed, efficiency, cost; data quality: completeness, validity, consistency, timeliness and accuracy; data handling, data processing. Database Management - Advantages and DisadvantagesWhat are Traditional File Processing systems? Traditional file based system is basically a file based system, in which we manually handle the database such as updating, inserting, deletion or adding new files to database, etc.

Need of external storage No need of highly technical person to handle the database. Provide less security. Redundancy is highLess integrity High complexity in updating of database records Processing speed is low.ADVANTAGESDISADVANTAGESWhat is a Database?a structured collection of records or data that is stored in a computer system RecordsFields

Contains information relating to 1 item of data in a DB

This represents 1 unit of information in a database e.g. Title of DVD, GenreWhat is a Database Management System (DBMS)?is computer software designed for the purpose of managing databases based on a variety of data models Advantages

DisadvantagesRedundancies can be improved!Better services to usersCost of delivering and maintaining the system is loweredStandards can be enforcedSecurity can be improvedIntegrity can be improvedFaster response to query processingConfidentiality, privacy and security Data quality concernsData integrity concernsEnterprise vulnerability may be higher The cost of using DBMS Database Views

view that the individual user of the database has the information model of the enterprise and contains the view of the whole enterprise without any concern for the physical implementation view about the actual physical storage of data Role of Database Administrator

Deciding and Loading the Database Contents Assisting and Approving Applications and Access Deciding Data Structures Backup and Recovery Monitor Actual Usage CAPE INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY Unit 2INFORMATION MANAGEMENTUnit 2 SO 5Organization of files and databasesDescribe the different types and organization of files and databases;File types including master and transaction files; file organization including serial, sequential, random or direct, indexed sequential database types including personal, workgroup, department and enterprise databases; database organization including hierarchical, relational, network and object-oriented.Files Types in DatabaseMASTER FILEA master file or master table contains a group of common records. Item Data, Customer Data, and Supplier Data are examples of tables. TRANSACTION FILEA computer file containing relatively transient data about a particular data processing task

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File Access Methods:Sequential vs. DirectThis means ...start at the beginning of the file and access each record in turn until the one needed is found. If files are stored on magnetic tape then serial access is the only method of access.Serial AccessThe computer can calculate (from the key field) where the record is stored in the file, and can then access the record directly from that position. Direct Access can only be used if files are stored on media such as disk, CD, DVD. Direct Access of records will generally be much faster than Serial Access. Direct Access is also known as Random Access.Direct AccessQuiz!

File Access Methods:Sequential Access A group of elements (e.g. data in a memory array or a disk file or on a tape) is accessed in a predetermined, ordered sequence Sequential AccessPersonal used for recording self information and for ones own access. A database created to store phone contacts and addresses and friends would be a good example.Workgroup used by teams working on tasks that needs access to the same data. Departmental - by a unit in an organization which provides some functional application of the data in the departments domain Enterprise - Centralized data that is shared by many users throughout the organization Database TypesDatabase OrganizationNETWORK DATABASERELATIONAL DATABASEHIERARCHICAL DATABASEOBJECT ORIENTED DATABASE