PAST PAPER REVIEW

2009

Explain what is meant by the following

terms:

Plural society

Mestizo

dougla

A plural society is one in which there are several distinct racial/ethnic groups who interact with each other, but keep distinct lines between them in fundamental areas.

Mestizo was the name given to individuals of European and Amerindian heritage

Dougla refers to an individual who is mixed with African and East Indian ancestry.

Define the term „soil erosion‟.

The continuous removal of the top layer

of soil from the surface of the land,

whether by the action of the wind,

water, gravity, earth movements or by

mankind.

Describe TWO processes that have

contributed to soil erosion in the

Caribbean

Landslides, flooding, hurricanes, extreme

wave action

Deforestation in places like Haiti could

be a major cause of soil erosion.

Name TWO groups of indentured

labourers who were brought to the

Caribbean after emancipation in 1838.

East Indians

Chinese

Give TWO reasons why EACH group of

indentured labourers were brought to the

Caribbean.

The search for the cheapest supply of

labour

The shortage or scarcity of labour in

some colonies

The deliberate use of indentured

immigrants to frustrate the formerly

enslaved.

Explain what is meant by the term „the

family as a social institution.‟

This refers to the primary social unit which

socialises the infant and growing young

person in the morals, values and

practices of the basic human unit and

the wider society as a whole.

Outline TWO reasons why many

Caribbean family forms were considered

„dysfunctional‟ by colonial authorities.

The nuclear family was seen as the norm

and the colonial authorities did not

regard Caribbean families, such s those

with single parents, or extended families

as proper forms

These families were matrifocal as in

Africa and this offended the sense of

male superiority held by colonial

authorities and the belief in male

supremacy in the European household.

Describe Two ways in which immigrant

labour from the Caribbean has

impacted on the economies of Europe

and North America.

Caribbean migrants become consumers

in the host economies and so further

contribute to the economies

Migrant labour provides these countries

with relatively cheap labour, especially

in the manual, menial jobs which natives

do not wish to perform.

Describe One way in which Cuban

immigrants have influenced policy in

North America.

The powerful Cuban lobby in Florida has

had a direct impact on legislation,

regulating legal and illegal migration

from Cuba to the US. IT has also served

as a powerful pressure group that has

affected governance and voting in the

U.S.

Define the term „per capita income‟.

Per capita income is the total income

earned from goods and services

produced by a country in one year

divided by the total population for that

country in that year.

Explain ONE way in which „levels of

income‟ is a better indicator of

development than „per capita income‟.

Levels of income is a better indicator of

development because levels of income

speaks to categories of income of a

variety of individuals such as teachers,

lawyers, construction workers. These

categories can be used to indicate the

growth levels in an economy especially

when these levels of income are rising.

Define the term „popular movement‟

A popular movement is one that is

initiated by the ideas of the masses, or

was developed for the masses. It can

have local or international appeal.

Describe Two ways in which a named

popular movement in the Caribbean has

contributed to national identity.

Rastafarianism has created a sense of

black consciousness

Rastafarianism has contributed to our

rejection of colonial/European rule.

Explain what is meant by the „mutual

advantage’ concept of social justice.

Refers to the social contract that exists

between the state and its citizens,

whether written or unwritten. The state is

expected to protect the rights of its

citizens in so far as the citizens are

expected to obey the laws and statutes

of the state.

Distinguish between „prejudice‟ and

„discrimination‟.

Prejudice is born of emotion, it is an attitude, a strong belief that is personal and subjective. Discrimination is action oriented and involves action that is directed against an individual or group. The difference between the two is that prejudice does not move beyond the realm of belief and thus inflicts no physical harm on the person or group targeted.

Define the term „mass media‟.

The mass media refers to all those

channels which communicate messages

to large audiences simultaneously.

These channels can be placed in two

categories – the print media and the

electronic media.`

Explain ONE way in which the Caribbean

mass media has hindered the promotion

of a Caribbean entertainment industry

The mass media in the Caribbean

engages in the broadcast of foreign

entertainment, thereby promoting

foreign values and crowding out local

entertainment

The mass media only portrays caribbean

artistes when they are recognized by

international music labels e.g. Sean Paul,

Rihanna

Explain One way in which the mass

media has assisted in the promotion of

Caribbean entertainment internationally.

Engaging in the promotion of

entertainment through advertising and

the broadcast of live concerts.

Explain the term „pan –africanism‟.

Pan –Africanism is an ideology which

regards Africa and African people as a

unit and it thus promotes the unification

of African people and the glorification of

the african past.

Give one reason why some interest

groups in the Caribbean opposed Pan –

Africanism.

The white planter merchant class was

the main opposition group who saw the

education and enlightenment of the

former enslaved as maintaining

colonialism.

State ONE way in which Pan – Africanists

attempted to unite people of the African

diaspora.

Through organizing pan-African

conferences and newspapers which

promoted the idea of African unification.

Examine THREE measures that Caribbean

countries can implement to minimize the

danger posed to coral reefs in the

region. (20 marks)

Educating individuals and groups such as fishermen, farmers hoteliers and even tourists would be part of the effort to increase awareness about the importance of reefs and to encourage all to protect them.

Governments have established and should continue to establish marine-protected zones around important coastal regions inhabited by coral species and fish as the official stance or policy in the fight to guard the reefs.

Laws should be passed to protect the

shoreline and to establish activities that

would be viewed as criminal and against

the environment. Such laws would be

against pollution of the seas and would

guard against activities such as trawling,

a method of fishing that can damage

the reef and alter its environment.

With legislation in place, marine officers

would be empowered to protect the

coastline and be watchful of cruise ships

and large yachts, that have been noted

to damage the reefs.

Governments could adopt a regional

approach to the issue in an effort to

provide a central policy. This would

allow for a united stance against criminal

and negligent activities that damage

the reefs. Governments could share

intelligence of the issue and benefit from

a collective aproach.

Examine THREE ways in which the justice

system, as a social institution, impacts on

society and culture.

Note that the impact of the system in

individual territories has been immense,

positive and has brought about far-

reaching benefits.

Highlight as wellthe short- comings of the

system.

Answers to include things such as:

Unfair trials

Acts of discrimination, based on race, gender, colour and age

Loop-holes in the system which enables wealthy persons to escape punishments

Positive – implementation of the CCJ.

Positive – is moving towards a moral approach of examining human rights abuses etc….

Using examples from the Caribbean, describe the importance of EACH of the following concepts:

1. economic development

2. political development

3. social political

(20 marks)

Ecnomic development – students are

expected to define this concept as well

as to show how improvements in other

areas of society would not be possible

without this form of development.

Describe THREE ways in which

discrimination against women hinders

development in the region. (20 marks)

The concept of development includes

the increase in productivity in society

and therefore society must make full use

of its female and male citizens. When

women are prevented from taking part

in the workforce, a key impact would be

the reduction of poverty.

Gender discrimination leads to lack of

leadership skills and lack of knowledge

that would contribute to the

advancement of society.

Account for the changing role that race,

colour and ethnic affiliation play in

Caribbean society and culture.

(30 marks)

Can be argued from TWO sides:

On one hand you can state that race,

colour and ethnicity continue to

dominate interactions in society.

On the other hand, you can state that with

the coming of Independence, persons

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“There is no single Caribbean culture”.

Do you agree? Provide arguments and

examples to support your answer.

“The ultimate goal of CARICOM is to

institute a single government for

CARICOM member states.

If this goal becomes a reality, discuss the

ways in which this development may

help OR hinder the movement towards

Caribbean integration.

“Tourism has advanced development in

the Caribbean”.

Present arguments for AND against this

statement.